CN112221467A - Negative ion porous composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Negative ion porous composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112221467A
CN112221467A CN202011078228.4A CN202011078228A CN112221467A CN 112221467 A CN112221467 A CN 112221467A CN 202011078228 A CN202011078228 A CN 202011078228A CN 112221467 A CN112221467 A CN 112221467A
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composite material
rare earth
parts
negative ion
powder
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兰其勇
张毅
朱爱民
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B01D2257/7027—Aromatic hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a negative ion porous composite material which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-25 parts of rare earth, 50-60 parts of volcanic rock and 25-30 parts of active carbon. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the negative ion porous composite material. The composite material prepared by the invention is of a composite porous structure, can release a large amount of negative ions, thereby effectively improving the removal efficiency of organic micromolecules such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and the like and odor molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and the like in waste gas, and further efficiently and rapidly purifying air, eliminating peculiar smell and killing germs; meanwhile, volcanic rock plays a role in supporting the framework of the activated carbon structure, and the collapse of the activated carbon simple substance structure is avoided.

Description

Negative ion porous composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to a negative ion porous composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, the environmental pollution is increasingly serious, and various adsorbing materials are commonly used for treating waste gas and waste water in life. The prior art is commonly used with volcanic rock, active carbon and other adsorbing materials. Volcanic rock is a porous rock formed after rapid cooling of magma, has a porosity of more than 50 percent and has higher hardness. However, because the volcanic rock has large gaps, the gaps are generally 0.5-5um, the adsorption effect on waste gas and waste water is limited, and the adsorption effect on organic matters with small molecules, such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and the like, is poor. The activated carbon has a large specific surface area, has a good adsorption effect on heavy metals, organic gases, formaldehyde and the like, has a good treatment effect on waste gases and waste water in life and industrial production, but has low hardness, and pores in the activated carbon structure are easy to collapse and lose the porous characteristic, so that the using effect is poor.
Therefore, the adsorbing materials in the prior art have the problem of poor treatment effect on waste water and waste gas due to the structural problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of poor treatment effect of an adsorbing material on wastewater and waste gas in the prior art, and provides a negative ion porous composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the negative ion porous composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-25 parts of rare earth, 50-60 parts of volcanic rock and 25-30 parts of active carbon.
Preferably, the composite material is a porous spherical particle dispersed and having a particle size of 1 to 5 mm.
Preferably, the porosity of the composite material is between 5 and 50 nm.
Preferably, the rare earth is a rare earth material after radioactive substances and heavy metals are removed.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the negative ion porous composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the formula, and crushing the volcanic rock in the raw materials into volcanic rock powder with the particle size of 20-100 um; crushing the activated carbon powder into activated carbon powder with the particle size of 0.3-20 um; mixing the volcanic rock powder and the activated carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain volcanic rock activated carbon mixed powder;
s2, crushing rare earth in the raw materials into rare earth powder with the grain size of 1-50um, adding a dispersing agent, an adhesive and water into the rare earth powder, uniformly stirring, and preparing into rare earth slurry with the grain size of 50-200nm after coarse grinding, fine grinding and fine grinding;
s3, granulating the volcanic rock activated carbon mixed powder obtained in the step S1 in a granulator, and spraying the rare earth slurry obtained in the step S2 in the granulating process to obtain spherical particles;
s4, roasting the spherical particles in the step S3 at the temperature of 200-500 ℃ for 1-2 hours under the protection of air isolation or nitrogen to obtain the negative ion porous composite material.
Preferably, in the step S2, the raw materials include, by mass: 10-24 parts of rare earth powder, 1 part of dispersant, 4-8 parts of adhesive and 71-85 parts of water.
Preferably, the adhesive in step S2 is aqueous polyurethane.
The invention also provides application of the negative ion porous composite material in preparing an environment-friendly material for treating waste gas and waste water.
The invention also provides application of the negative ion porous composite material in preparation of medical materials.
The invention provides a composite material, which is prepared from volcanic rock, activated carbon and rare earth. In the preparation process of the composite material, the mass ratio of the volcanic rock to the active carbon is 2:1, the gap of the volcanic rock is large and is generally 0.5-300um, the particle size of the active carbon powder after the active carbon is crushed is 0.3-20um, and the particle size of the rare earth slurry is 50-200 nm. Therefore, part of the activated carbon particles with small particle size and part of the rare earth slurry can enter pores of the volcanic rock, the pores of the volcanic rock are filled by the activated carbon particles and the rare earth slurry in a mixing way, the filled volcanic rock is wrapped by the residual rare earth slurry and the activated carbon particles with large particle size, and spherical particles with the particle size of 1-5mm are prepared by a granulator. The spherical particles are roasted for 1-2 hours at the high temperature of 500 ℃ under the protection of air isolation or nitrogen, the adhesive and the dispersing agent in the rare earth slurry are decomposed at high temperature, the final spherical particles only contain volcanic rock, active carbon and rare earth, the three materials form a composite porous structure, the pores of the porous structure are close to those of the active carbon and are about 5-50nm, and micromolecular organic matters such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and the like can be effectively adsorbed; and the volcanic granular structure becomes a framework for supporting the activated carbon structure, thereby avoiding the defect that the activated carbon structure is easy to collapse. And the specific surface area of the composite material is several times to tens of times of the specific surface area of single volcanic rock, so that the distribution area of the rare earth particles filled in the composite material is increased, the contact area of the rare earth particles with unit mass and water molecules in the air is greatly increased, and the capability of the rare earth particles for releasing negative ions is improved.
In conclusion, the composite material prepared by the invention has the structural characteristics of volcanic rock and activated carbon, and mutually makes up for the defects of mutual structures, the volcanic rock plays a role in supporting the framework of the activated carbon structure, and the phenomenon that the activated carbon gap collapses because the simple substance structure of the activated carbon is easily damaged is avoided; the active carbon and the rare earth improve the porous characteristic of the volcanic rock and can adsorb small molecular organic matters; meanwhile, the surface area of the rare earth particles in the composite material is effectively increased, and the capability of the rare earth particles for releasing negative ions is greatly improved.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the composite material prepared by the invention only contains three materials of volcanic rock, activated carbon and rare earth, the three materials form a composite porous structure, the pores of the composite porous structure are close to those of the activated carbon and are about 5-50nm, and the composite porous structure can effectively adsorb micromolecular organic matters such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and the like; meanwhile, the volcanic rock plays a role in supporting the framework of the activated carbon structure, so that the collapse of the simple substance structure of the activated carbon is avoided;
secondly), the specific surface area of the composite material is several times to tens of times of the specific surface area of single volcanic rock, so that the distribution area of the rare earth particles filled in the composite material is increased, the contact area of the rare earth particles in unit mass and water molecules in the air is greatly improved, the capability of releasing negative ions of the rare earth in unit mass is improved, the removal efficiency of organic micromolecules such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and the like in waste gas and odor molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and the like can be further improved, and therefore the air is efficiently and rapidly purified, peculiar smell is eliminated, and germs are killed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of spherical particles of the composite material of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. spherical particles, 2, volcanic rock, 3, rare earth, 4 and active carbon.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Crushing 60 parts of volcanic rock in the raw materials into volcanic rock powder with the particle size of 20-100 um; crushing 30 parts of activated carbon powder into activated carbon powder with the particle size of 0.3-20 um; mixing the volcanic rock powder and the activated carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the volcanic rock activated carbon mixed powder.
Crushing 10 parts of rare earth in the raw materials into rare earth powder with the grain diameter of 1-50um, adding 1 part of dispersing agent, 4 parts of adhesive waterborne polyurethane and 85 parts of water into the rare earth powder, uniformly stirring, and then performing coarse grinding, fine grinding and fine grinding processes to prepare rare earth slurry with the grain diameter of 50-200 nm. The dispersing agent in this example is a reagent conventionally used in the art.
Granulating the volcanic activated carbon mixed powder in a granulator, and spraying rare earth slurry in the granulating process to obtain spherical particles; and (3) roasting the spherical particles at the temperature of 500 ℃ for 1 hour under the protection of air or nitrogen to obtain the negative ion porous composite material shown in the attached figure 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the spherical particles 1 in the composite material of the present invention comprise volcanic rock 2, rare earth 3 and activated carbon 4. The active carbon 4 with small particle size and part of the rare earth 3 are distributed in the pores of the volcanic rock 2, so that the pores of the volcanic rock 2 are reduced, the volcanic rock 2 is wrapped by the rest rare earth 3 and the active carbon 4 with large particle size to form spherical particles 1, the whole spherical particles 1 are of a composite porous structure, the pores are small, the structure is firm, and the distribution area of the rare earth 3 is greatly increased.
Example 2
Crushing 55 parts of volcanic rock in the raw materials into volcanic rock powder with the particle size of 20-100 um; crushing 25 parts of activated carbon powder into activated carbon powder with the particle size of 0.3-20 um; mixing the volcanic rock powder and the activated carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the volcanic rock activated carbon mixed powder.
Crushing 20 parts of rare earth in the raw materials into rare earth powder with the grain diameter of 1-50um, adding 1 part of dispersing agent, 4 parts of adhesive waterborne polyurethane and 75 parts of water into the rare earth powder, uniformly stirring, and then performing coarse grinding, fine grinding and fine grinding processes to prepare rare earth slurry with the grain diameter of 50-200 nm. The dispersing agent in this example is a reagent conventionally used in the art.
Granulating the volcanic activated carbon mixed powder in a granulator, and spraying rare earth slurry in the granulating process to obtain spherical particles; and (3) roasting the spherical particles at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 2 hours under the protection of air or nitrogen to obtain the negative ion porous composite material shown in the attached figure 1.
Example 3
Crushing 58 parts of volcanic rock in the raw materials into volcanic rock powder with the particle size of 20-100 um; crushing 27 parts of activated carbon powder into activated carbon powder with the particle size of 0.3-20 um; mixing the volcanic rock powder and the activated carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain the volcanic rock activated carbon mixed powder.
Crushing 15 parts of rare earth in the raw materials into rare earth powder with the grain diameter of 1-50um, adding 1 part of dispersing agent, 6 parts of adhesive waterborne polyurethane and 78 parts of water into the rare earth powder, uniformly stirring, and then performing coarse grinding, fine grinding and fine grinding processes to prepare rare earth slurry with the grain diameter of 50-200 nm. The dispersing agent in this example is a reagent conventionally used in the art.
Granulating the volcanic activated carbon mixed powder in a granulator, and spraying rare earth slurry in the granulating process to obtain spherical particles; and (3) roasting the spherical particles at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 2 hours under the protection of air or nitrogen to obtain the negative ion porous composite material shown in the attached figure 1.
Negative ion release amount detection test
The test method comprises the following steps: a test group, a control group A and a control group B are set, wherein the test group is the composite material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention; the contrast group A is a commercially available negative ion textile; control group B was a commercially available negative ion coating. Respectively spreading 200g of the test group, 200g of the control group A and 200g of the control group B in an anion detection box, detecting the anion content once every 5 minutes, detecting 10 times within 50 minutes, and then calculating the average value. The negative ion detection box is 56cm long, 30cm wide and 21cm high.
The results of the tests are given in the following table:
group of Concentration of negative ions
Test group More than 8000 pieces/cm3
Control group A 1000-1500/cm3
Control group B 1500-3
The test structure shows that the composite material of the invention releases more negative ions with the same mass of negative ion material in the space with the same volume, and the quantity of the negative ions is at least 4 times of that of the control group A or the control group B. The rare earth has a tourmaline structure, and can react with water molecules to generate negative ions. The composite material has the characteristic of porosity, and the rare earth particles are widely distributed in the dense pores, so that the total area of the rare earth particles distributed in the composite material is very wide, and compared with negative ion textiles and negative ion coatings with the same mass, the composite material has more rare earth particles capable of directly reacting with water molecules, and more negative ions are generated in the same time.
In conclusion, the negative ion porous composite material can release a large amount of negative ions, and can effectively improve the efficiency of removing organic micromolecules such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and the like and odor molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and the like in waste gas, thereby efficiently and quickly purifying air and eliminating peculiar smell; and has good killing effect on various germs.
The present specification and figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and it is intended that all such alterations and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention, and that all such modifications and variations are included within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims without the use of inventive faculty.

Claims (9)

1. The negative ion porous composite material is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-25 parts of rare earth, 50-60 parts of volcanic rock and 25-30 parts of active carbon.
2. The negative ion porous composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite material is a porous spherical particle having a particle size of 1-5 mm.
3. The negative ion porous composite material of claim 2, wherein the porosity of the composite material is 5-50 nm.
4. The negative ion porous composite material according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth is a rare earth material from which radioactive substances and heavy metals are removed.
5. The preparation method of the negative ion porous composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, weighing the raw materials according to the formula, and crushing the volcanic rock in the raw materials into volcanic rock powder with the particle size of 20-100 um; crushing the activated carbon powder into activated carbon powder with the particle size of 0.3-20 um; mixing the volcanic rock powder and the activated carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain volcanic rock activated carbon mixed powder;
s2, crushing rare earth in the raw materials into rare earth powder with the grain size of 1-50um, adding a dispersing agent, an adhesive and water into the rare earth powder, uniformly stirring, and preparing into rare earth slurry with the grain size of 50-200nm after coarse grinding, fine grinding and fine grinding;
s3, granulating the volcanic rock activated carbon mixed powder obtained in the step S1 in a granulator, and spraying the rare earth slurry obtained in the step S2 in the granulating process to obtain spherical particles;
s4, roasting the spherical particles in the step S3 at the temperature of 200-500 ℃ for 1-2 hours under the protection of air isolation or nitrogen to obtain the negative ion porous composite material.
6. The method for preparing the negative ion porous composite material according to claim 5, wherein in the step S2, the following components are calculated according to parts by mass: 10-24 parts of rare earth powder, 1 part of dispersant, 4-8 parts of adhesive and 71-85 parts of water.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the binder in step S2 is aqueous polyurethane.
8. Use of the negative ion porous composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the preparation of an environment-friendly material for treating waste gas and waste water.
9. Use of an anion porous composite according to any of claims 1 to 7 for the preparation of a medical material.
CN202011078228.4A 2020-10-10 2020-10-10 Negative ion porous composite material and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN112221467A (en)

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CN105732011A (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-07-06 辽宁利永盛新材料有限公司 A preparing method of novel multifunctional diatomite ceramsite
CN105964053A (en) * 2016-06-24 2016-09-28 马鞍山市顺达环保设备有限公司 Purifying filter material for boiler dust remover and preparation method of purifying filter material
CN108067184A (en) * 2016-11-12 2018-05-25 河南海纳德新材料有限公司 Volcanic rock compound adsorbent and preparation method thereof
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CN104841452A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-08-19 同济大学 Preparation method of nano Pd/Fe oxyhydroxide composite material for groundwater repair
CN105964053A (en) * 2016-06-24 2016-09-28 马鞍山市顺达环保设备有限公司 Purifying filter material for boiler dust remover and preparation method of purifying filter material
CN108067184A (en) * 2016-11-12 2018-05-25 河南海纳德新材料有限公司 Volcanic rock compound adsorbent and preparation method thereof
CN208406611U (en) * 2018-03-22 2019-01-22 深圳小自然科技有限公司 A kind of ecological air-cleaning device
CN109331607A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-02-15 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 A kind of the air purifying filter core material and preparation method of efficient release anion

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