CN112220891A - 含有草本混合精油作为有效成分的抗菌及抗真菌组合物 - Google Patents
含有草本混合精油作为有效成分的抗菌及抗真菌组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112220891A CN112220891A CN202010600193.XA CN202010600193A CN112220891A CN 112220891 A CN112220891 A CN 112220891A CN 202010600193 A CN202010600193 A CN 202010600193A CN 112220891 A CN112220891 A CN 112220891A
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- antibacterial
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- marjoram
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- melaleuca alternifolia
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其包含马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精华素作为有效成分。本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精华素通过直接影响有害微生物来表现出优异的抗菌及抗真菌活性,可有效用于药物组合物、化妆品组合物、保存食品或饲料用的防腐剂等用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有草本混合精油作为有效成分的抗菌及抗真菌组合物,更具体地,涉及一种含有马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的抗菌及抗真菌组合物。
背景技术
在维持生物体内平衡(homeostasis)的过程中,起到重要作用的一部分物质是来源于各种生物的生物活性物质。目前为止,对生物活性物质进行了许多研究,其中,对于从微生物、植物或动物等中分离出的抗菌物质的研究是生命科学及医学领域中非常重要的领域。
所有生物为了生存均会产生抗菌及抗真菌物质,已经对产生抗菌及抗真菌物质的微生物展开了许多研究,并且,长期以来不断尝试利用产生抗菌及抗真菌物质的微生物或从它们分离出的物质来开发抗菌及抗真菌剂。
抗菌物质在杀灭微生物的同时对人体或动物的毒性较低,并具有选择性毒性作用(selective toxicity)而不会因体内的酶等失活,它发挥作用的机制主要是通过阻碍DNA的复制、遗传信息转录及翻译、电子能传输、细胞壁的生物合成等来抑制微生物增殖。
目前为止开发的主要的抗菌物质可分为源于自然界的微生物、植物等抗菌物质和化学合成抗菌物质,最早从自然界中分离出的抗菌物质是1928年由亚历山大·弗莱明发现的青霉素,随后开始利用多种天然或化学合成的抗菌物质治疗有害细菌引起的疾病,但近来由于对化学合成抗菌物质的耐药性增加,对利用源于自然界的抗菌物质开发抗菌剂的关注呈不断增加的趋势。
作为与天然抗菌或抗真菌剂相关的技术,目前为止公开了人参提取物(专利申请第10-1993-0006319号);葡萄柚提取物(专利申请第10-1993-0006320号);小茴香、大茴香、细辛、樟属植物及丁香的混合提取物(专利申请第10-2002-0054685号);绿茶多酚及互叶白千层油(专利申请第10-2002-0028517号);大花田菁提取物(专利申请第10-2011-0015252号)等多种植物提取物或其组分具有抗菌活性。
尽管存在这些研究结果,但现有的植物提取物的缺点在于,由于根据提取部位、时间和方法的不同所含组分的含量不一致,因此难以进行配制。另外,仅分离出植物提取物中单一组分进行使用来克服上述缺点时,不具有充分的抗菌及抗真菌效果,无法应用于工业领域。
但目前为止,还没有对从植物提取物中分离出来的单一组分进行组合的抗菌及抗真菌协同活性进行充分的研究,由此,对组合单一组分的抗菌剂及抗真菌剂的相关研究成果甚微。
在上述背景下,本发明人努力寻找具有优异的抗菌及抗真菌活性的植物提取物的组合,其结果发现马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本精油的组合可以有效抑制多种有害细菌及真菌,能够用于抗菌剂及抗真菌剂,由此完成了本发明。
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
由此,本发明的主要目的在于,提供一种抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其含有马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的混合精油作为有效成分,能够有效抑制多种有害微生物,可作为抗菌剂及抗真菌剂使用。
本发明的其他目的及优点将通过下面的具体实施方式、权利要求及附图更加明确。
解决问题的技术手段
根据本发明的一方面,本发明提供一种抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其含有马郁兰(Origanum majorana)、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)、黑黄檀(Dalbergia nigra)、亚香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)、互叶白千层(Melaleuca alternifolia)及百里香(Thymusvulgaris)的草本混合精油作为有效成分。
本发明人不断探索从具有优异的抗菌及抗真菌功效的植物中提取的单一精油的组合,其结果发现从马郁兰(Origanum majorana)、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)、黑黄檀(Dalbergia nigra)、亚香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)、互叶白千层(Melaleucaalternifolia)及百里香(Thymus vulgaris)中提取的精油的组合能够显著提高抗菌及抗真菌效果,并且确认将其用于皮肤也不存在安全问题。
本发明的术语“马郁兰(Origanum majorana)”是指管状花目唇形科的多年生草本,主要用作香辛料,也称作马娇莲、甜墨角兰(Sweet marjoram)或多节墨角兰(Knottedmarjoram)等,在本发明中上述名称用作相同含义。
另外,术语“柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)”是指单子叶植物禾本目禾本科的多年生草本,因植物带有柠檬香而被称作柠檬草。对叶和根进行蒸馏获得的柠檬草油中含有柠檬醛成分。
另外,术语“黑黄檀(Dalbergia nigra)”是指双子叶植物蔷薇目豆科的常青乔木,从黑黄檀中提取的精油为无色或透明的淡黄色,属于木香中带有柔和花香的中调-基调。
另外,术语“亚香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)”是指单子叶植物禾本目禾本科的多年生草本,从亚香茅叶中提取的精油能够给疲劳的身心带来活力,并且具有突出的杀菌效果和防虫效果。
另外,术语“互叶白千层(Melaleuca alternifolia)”是指桃金娘目桃金娘科的常青乔木,从互叶白千层的叶和枝中提取的精油能够有效作用于细菌、病毒、真菌类,可以提高免疫力。
另外,术语“百里香(Thymus vulgaris)”是指双子叶植物管状花目唇形科的多年生草本,从百里香的花、花茎、叶中提取的精油能够刺激身心,具有很强的杀菌效果,有助于强化免疫***。
所述马郁兰(Origanum majorana)、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)、黑黄檀(Dalbergia nigra)、亚香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)、互叶白千层(Melaleucaalternifolia)及百里香(Thymus vulgaris)的精油可以使用市售产品,并且可以通过本领域公知方法从天然植物中提取后进行使用。
另外,本发明中术语“精油”是指从上述植物中提取的高浓度天然植物油,与“精华素”、“蒸馏提取液”或“芳香油”等具有相同含义。通常利用水蒸汽蒸馏法,以水蒸气的形式提取植物中的芳香性有效成分,然后经冷却水冷凝后进行提取。此外,所述“精油”包括利用植物的蒸汽蒸馏法进行提取处理而获得的提取液的稀释液或浓缩液、干燥所述提取液获得的干燥物、所述提取液的调节物或精制物,或它们的混合物等、提取液本身及可利用提取液形成的全部剂型的提取液。
在本发明的抗菌及抗真菌组合物中,所述马郁兰(Origanum majorana)、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)、黑黄檀(Dalbergia nigra)、亚香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)、互叶白千层(Melaleuca alternifolia)及百里香(Thymus vulgaris)优选以[1:8~32:0.5~2.5:0.05~0.2:0.05~0.2:0.05~0.2]的重量比组合,最优选地,以[1:19:1:0.1:0.1:0.1]的重量比组合。在本发明的实施例中,将所述马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香以各种比例混合来制备抗菌及抗真菌组合物,为确认所制备的组合物的抗菌能力,实施了纸片扩散法(disc diffusion test)及最低抑菌浓度评价。其结果证实了马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的精油组合整体表现出优异的抗菌活性,特别是与对羟基苯甲酸甲酯及市售抗菌剂对照组进行比较时,以1:19:1:0.1:0.1:0.1比例混合的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香组合物具有最佳的协同效果。
本发明的抗菌及抗真菌组合物具有宽抗菌谱,具体地,对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌及真菌具有抗菌活性。
具体地,本发明的组合物对念珠菌属真菌及曲霉属真菌具有抗真菌活性,更具体地,对白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)及黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)具有抗真菌活性,但不限于此。
另外本发明的组合物具体地对埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)菌株及假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)革兰氏阴性菌株具有抗菌活性,更具体地,对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)及假单胞菌属绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)菌株具有抗菌活性,但并不限于此。
另外,本发明的组合物具体地对葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)革兰氏阳性菌株具有抗菌活性,更具体地,对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)等细菌具有抗菌活性,但不限于此。
在本发明的实施例中对马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香组合的抗菌效果进行检验,其结果证实了它们的组合与每种单一化合物相比具有十分优异的抗菌活性。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供一种用于抗菌及抗真菌的药物组合物,其包括所述马郁兰(Origanum majorana)、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)、黑黄檀(Dalbergianigra)、亚香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)、互叶白千层(Melaleuca alternifolia)及百里香(Thymus vulgaris)的草本混合精油作为有效成分。本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油组合通过直接影响有害微生物来表现出优异的抗菌及抗真菌活性,可有效地用作用于抗菌及抗真菌的药物组合物。
一方面,可以将含有本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的用于抗菌及抗真菌的组合物制备成药学上可接受的盐的形式。具体地,可以通过添加酸来形成盐,例如可以通过添加无机酸(例如:盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硝酸、硫酸等)、有机羧酸(例如:乙酸、卤乙酸(如三氟乙酸)、丙酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、水杨酸)、及酸性糖(葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖酸、抗坏血酸)、酸性多糖(例如:透明质酸、硫酸软骨素、精氨酸)、含有磺酸糖酯(如硫酸软骨素)的有机磺酸(例如:甲烷、磺酸、对甲苯磺酸)等来形成盐。
包括本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的用于抗菌及抗真菌组合物是从天然植物提取物中分离出来的物质,在临床上给药时,可进行口服或肠胃外给药,并以普通药物制剂形式进行使用。
即,包括本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的用于抗菌及抗真菌组合物实际能够以口服或经肠胃外的各种剂型给药,就制剂而言,通过通常使用的填充剂、增量剂、粘合剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、表面活性剂等稀释剂或赋形剂进行制备。经肠胃外给药的制剂包括无菌水溶液、非水溶剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、冻干剂、栓剂。非水溶剂和悬浮溶剂可以使用丙二醇(Propylene glycol)、聚乙二醇、植物油(如橄榄油)、可注射酯(如油酸乙酯)等。作为栓剂的基质可以使用witepsol、聚乙二醇,吐温(tween)61、可可脂、月桂脂、甘油明胶等。
另外,包括本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的用于抗菌及抗真菌组合物可以与生理盐水或有机溶剂等多种药用载体(carrier)混合使用,为提高稳定性或吸收性,可使用葡萄糖、蔗糖或葡聚糖等碳水化合物、抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid)或谷胱甘肽等抗氧化剂(antioxidants)、螯合剂(chelating agents)、低分子量蛋白或其他稳定剂(stabilizers)作为药剂。
包括本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的用于抗菌及抗真菌组合物的有效剂量是0.01至10mg/kg,优选为0.1至1mg/kg,每天可给药一次至三次。
本发明的药物组合物或其培养液的总有效剂量,可以通过丸剂(bolus)形式或在相对较短时间内注射(infusion)的方式以单剂量(single does)向患者给药,也可以通过长期多剂量(multiple does)给药的分次治疗方法(fractionated treatment protocol)进行给药。在确定浓度即有效给药量时,不仅要考虑给药途径及治疗次数,还应考虑患者的年龄及健康状态等多种因素,考虑到这一点,本领域普通技术人员可以根据本发明的丁香酚及没食子酸组合的药物组合物的特定用途来确定适当的给药剂量。
根据本发明的又一方面,本发明提供一种用于抗菌及抗真菌的化妆品组合物,其包括马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分。
包括本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的用于抗菌及抗真菌组合物,通过直接影响有害微生物来表现出优异的抗菌及抗真菌活性,可有效地用作用于抗菌及抗真菌的化妆品组合物。
本发明的化妆品组合物除了包括所述马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香精油作为有效成分之外,还包括化妆品组合物中常用的组分,例如包括抗氧化剂、稳定剂、增溶剂、维生素、颜料及香料等常用的辅助剂及载体。
本发明的化妆品组合物可制备成本领域通常使用的任意剂型,其非限制性示例包括溶液、悬浮液、乳液、糊剂、凝胶、霜剂、洗剂、粉剂、皂剂、含表面活性剂的清洁剂、油、粉质粉底、乳质粉底、蜡质粉底及喷雾剂等剂型。更具体地,可以制备成柔肤水(爽肤水)、营养水(牛奶乳液)、营养霜、按摩霜、精油、眼霜、清洁霜、清洁泡沫、清洁水、面膜、喷雾剂或粉剂等剂型。
当本发明的剂型为糊剂、霜剂或凝胶时,可以使用动物油、植物油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄芪胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅(silicone)、膨润土、二氧化硅、滑石粉或氧化锌等作为载体组分。
当本发明的剂型是粉剂或喷雾剂时,可以使用乳糖、滑石粉、硅(silicone)、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙或聚酰胺粉作为载体组分,特别是喷雾剂还可以包括氯氟烃、丙烷/丁烷或二甲醚等促进剂。
当本发明的剂型是溶液或乳液时,可以使用溶剂、增溶剂或乳化剂用作载体组分,例如水、乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇油、甘油脂肪族酯、聚乙二醇或失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯。
当本发明的剂型为悬浮液时,可以使用水、乙醇或丙二醇等液体稀释剂;乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酯及聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯等悬浮剂;微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂或黄芪胶等作为载体组分。
当本发明的剂型是含有表面活性剂的清洁剂时,可以使用脂肪醇硫酸盐、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐、磺基琥珀酸单酯、羟乙磺酸盐、咪唑啉衍生物、甲基牛磺酸盐、肌氨酸盐、脂肪酸酰胺醚硫酸盐、烷基酰胺甜菜碱、脂肪醇、脂肪酸甘油酯、脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺、植物油、羊毛脂衍生物或聚氧乙基甘油醚脂肪酸酯等作为载体组分。
本发明的化妆品的具体示例有女性清洁剂、洗手剂、洁面霜、洁面泡沫、卸妆霜、卸妆乳、卸妆液、按摩霜、冷霜、保湿霜、乳液、化妆水、面膜、须后霜、防晒霜、防晒油、皂剂、沐浴露、洗发水、护发素、护发膏、养发剂、生发剂、发膏、整发液、定型乳、喷发剂、漂发剂、染发剂、彩色喷雾、烫发液、压粉、散粉、眼影、护手霜及口红等。
根据本发明的又一方面,本发明提供一种用于抗菌及抗真菌的食品组合物或饲料保存组合物,其包括马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分。
食品和饲料保存剂是为防止食品或饲料变质、腐烂、变色及化学变化而使用的添加剂,保存剂包括杀菌剂、抗氧化剂,还包括功能性抗菌剂,功能性抗菌剂通过抑制细菌、霉菌、酵母菌等微生物的生长来抑制食品、饲料、化妆品和医药品中腐败微生物的发育或起到灭菌作用。食品或饲料防腐剂的理想条件是无毒,并且仅使用微量也应有效。包括本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的用于抗菌及抗真菌的食品组合物或饲料保存组合物通过直接影响有害微生物来表现出优异的抗菌及抗真菌活性,可广泛用于上述食品或饲料保存剂、化妆品保存剂及医药品保存剂。
根据本发明的又一方面,本发明提供一种治疗除人类以外的动物的细菌或真菌感染疾病的方法,包括向需要治疗的个体给予抗菌及抗真菌组合物,从而杀灭致病菌,其中,抗菌及抗真菌组合物包括马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分。
本发明的所述治疗除人类以外的动物的细菌或真菌性感染疾病的方法尽管是对除人类以外的动物的治疗方法,并不是意味着对人类而言上述治疗方法没有效果。并且,考虑到人类也会患上可通过给予本发明的治疗用组合物来实现症状好转的细菌或真菌感染引起的疾病,可知完全可以用于人类治疗。
在本发明中,术语“除人类以外的动物”是指仅除人类以外的患有由细菌或真菌感染引起的疾病的马、绵羊、猪和山羊、骆驼、羚羊、狗等动物,其症状可以通过给予本发明的治疗用组合物来得到改善。通过将本发明的治疗用组合物用于除人类以外的动物,可以有效地预防和治疗由细菌和真菌感染引起的疾病。
本发明的术语“给药”是指以任意合适的方法将规定物质导入动物内,可以将本发明的治疗用组合物以能够到达目标组织的任何一般给药途径来进行口服或肠胃外给药。并且,本发明的治疗用组合物可以使用将有效成分移动至靶细胞的任意装置进行给药。
本发明的治疗用组合物的优选剂量根据待治疗动物的状态及体重、患病程度、药物形态、给药途径和持续时间而不同,能够由本领域普通技术人员进行适当选择。然而,为获得期望的效果,本发明的药物组合物为0.01至10mg/kg,优选为0.1至1mg/kg,并且可以每天给药一次至三次。
由于本发明的组合物本身具有抗菌及抗真菌效果,因此可直接用作抗菌及抗真菌组合物,还可以与含有抗菌及抗真菌的天然提取物的其他成分混合使用,预期可以进一步提高现有的抗菌或抗真菌效果。
发明的效果
本发明的特征及优点概括如下:
(a)本发明提供一种抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其包括马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分。
(b)包括本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油作为有效成分的抗菌及抗真菌组合物对多种菌具有较宽的抗菌及抗真菌谱,并且,本发明的组合物可用于有害微生物引起的各种细菌感染。
(c)此外,本发明的组合物可以广泛应用于化妆品组合物、保存食品或饲料用的添加剂组合物等多个领域中来实现抗菌、抗真菌及防腐的目的。
附图说明
图1是拍摄本发明的马郁兰、柠檬草、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的草本混合精油的抗菌试验结果的照片。
具体实施方式
下面,将参照实施例对本发明进行更详细地说明。这些实施例仅用于示例本发明,本发明的范围并不受限于这些实施例。
实施例1.草本精油的制备
以下面[表1]的17种植物材料为对象,将每0.5kg植物材料用纯净水洗涤并干燥,然后粉碎并粉末化后获得粉末。将每个粉末状植物材料加热至100℃之后,收集水蒸气并冷却,以获得精油。
[表1]
实施例2.草本精油的抗菌试验
2-1.利用纸片扩散法检验单一草本精油的抗菌能力
使用通常采用的纸片扩散法来验证在实施例1中制备的17种草本精油的抗菌活性。
使用了大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli KCTC2571)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa KCTC2513)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus KCTC3881)菌株、真菌类白色念珠菌(Candida albicans KCTC7965)及曲黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger KCTC6317)(KCTC,韩国生命工学研究院生物资源中心)。
使用LB培养基培养大肠杆菌(E.coli),使用NA培养基培养绿脓杆菌(P.aeruginosa)与金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)菌株,以及使用YM培养基及PDA培养基分别培养白色念珠菌(C.albicans)与黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌株。通过得到2~3个菌落(1×107CFU/mL)来接种每种细菌。将在实施例1中制备的草本精油用灭菌水及甘油溶解至2%浓度(v/v)后,滴加至无菌纸盘(直径8mm)中50μl。为了进行比较试验,使用1%浓度的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(比较例1)、其他公司产品A(比较例2)及产品B(比较例3)。
纸盘完全干燥后,将其置于平板培养基上保持35℃,在20~24小时后测量纸盘周围的透明度(clear zone),由此来测量草本精油的抗菌活性,其结果如下面的[表2]。
[表2]
参照上述[表2],确认到从试验例1至13的植物材料中提取的精油相比其他植物材料具有较优异的抗菌能力,特别是试验例1至试验例7的单一精油的抗菌活性结果值与比较例1至3相近,可以确认它们具有优异的抗菌活性。
2-2.测量单一草本精油的MIC测定(MIC试验,%)
基于上述2-1的抗菌试验结果,为了测量天然草本精油所具有的抗菌活性,以在实施例2-1中使用的有害微生物为对象进行了最低抑菌浓度(MIC)评价。在上述17种天然草本精油中,排除了抗菌功效差的罗勒(试验例15)、白千层(试验例16)、丝柏(试验例17),以及香味过强不适合混合的薄荷(试验例5),共筛选出13种精油来确认它们的最低抑菌浓度。比较例1使用1%的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,比较例2及比较例3使用1%浓度的其他公司产品A及产品B。
在MIC测定中,在固体琼脂培养基中培养各种细菌与真菌,然后获得1×105~6CFU/mL的5个菌落,在培养基中稀释并接种后在37℃保持2~3小时。
本试验中,以2%浓度(v/v)滴加天然草本精油后分别稀释2倍。将各个含有细菌与化合物的培养基移至96孔板,在37℃下培养16~24小时,然后利用多标记分析仪(Multilabel Counter)(1420,Perkin Elmer公司)以600nm进行测量,得出天然草本精油所具有的最低抑菌浓度,其结果如下面的[表3]。
[表3]
根据对上述13种精油的最低抑菌浓度分别进行试验的结果,将功效最好的柠檬草(试验例1)、马郁兰(试验例2)及黑黄檀(试验例3)选为3种主要精油,此外,还选择了抗菌活性优异且香味不强易于组合的亚香茅(试验例3)、互叶白千层(试验例4)及百里香(试验例6)等3种精油,并验证了3种主要精油和其余3种精油在不同配比下的抗菌活性,为了确认最佳配比,实施下面说明的棋盘法试验(Checkerboard assay)与MIC试验(MIC assay)。
实施例3.选定混合草本精油的最佳配比的抗菌试验
3-1.验证柠檬草及马郁兰精油的协同效果
为确认试验例1的柠檬草与试验例2的马郁兰精油之间的相互影响,对混合精油的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行评价。
因没有标准化的确认抗菌协同作用的试验方法,因此,使用了组合抗菌物质来确认抗菌协同作用的棋盘法试验(checkerboard assay)。测量抗菌能力的试验设定为6行×6列,并在48孔板上将待测量混合效果的柠檬草与马郁兰混合精油分别在MIC浓度下连续稀释2倍,将柠檬草沿水平轴、将马郁兰沿垂直轴在孔中连续稀释。随后,在37℃下培养16~24小时后,将其定义为通过柠檬草和马郁兰混合精油最低相互抑制浓度,两种化合物之间的相互作用以下面的分级抑制浓度(fractional inhibitory concentration,FIC)指数进行显示。
根据下面的[公式1]及[公式2]计算FIC指数(FICI)。
[公式1]
[公式2]
当FIC指数等于或小于0.5则判断为协同作用(synergistic effect),在0.5与1之间则判断为相加作用(additive effect);在1与4之间则判断为无关作用(indifferent);4以上则判断为拮抗作用(antagonistic effect),测量结果如下[表4]至[表8]。
[表4]白色念珠菌
[表5]黑曲霉
[表6]绿脓杆菌
[表7]金黄色葡萄球菌
[表8]大肠杆菌
基于所述柠檬草与马郁兰混合精油的协同或相加的抗菌及抗真菌效果,制备了试验例18、试验例19、试验例20、试验例21及试验例22的柠檬草及马郁兰的5种混合精油,并对最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行评价。
[表9]柠檬草与马郁兰混合精油的MIC分析值。
参照上述试验结果,能够确认以1:8至1:32的比例混合的柠檬草与马郁兰混合精油具有协同的抗菌及抗真菌效果,相比各个单一精油的单纯平均,以1:19比例混合的柠檬草与马郁兰混合精油对全部5种有害微生物的最低抑菌浓度减少了50%至95.2%,确认到其具有最佳的协同效果。
3-2.柠檬草、马郁兰及黑黄檀的混合精油
基于实施例3-1的对于柠檬草与马郁兰混合精油的抗菌活性的检验结果,对柠檬草及马郁兰的混合精油(1:19)与黑黄檀混合精油的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行评价。试验方法与实施例3-1的棋盘法试验(checkerboard assay)相同,测量结果显示在下面的[表10]至[表14]中。
[表10]白色念珠菌
[表11]黑曲霉
[表12]绿脓杆菌
[表13]金黄色葡萄球菌
[表14]大肠杆菌
基于所述柠檬草、马郁兰及黑黄檀的3种混合精油的协同或相加的抗菌及抗真菌效果,制备了试验例23(柠檬草:马郁兰:黑黄檀=1:19:0.5)、试验例24(柠檬草:马郁兰:黑黄檀=1:19:1)、试验例25(柠檬草:马郁兰:黑黄檀=1:19:2)及试验例26(柠檬草:马郁兰:黑黄檀=1:19:2.5)等4组3种混合精油,并对最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行评价。
[表15]3种混合精油的MIC分析值
参照上述试验结果,能够确认以1:8-32:0.5-2.5的比例混合的柠檬草、马郁兰及黑黄檀的3种混合精油具有协同的抗菌及抗真菌效果,相比各个单一精油的单纯平均,以1:19:1比例混合的柠檬草、马郁兰及黑黄檀精油对全部5种有害微生物的最低抑菌浓度减少了50%至95.5%,确认到其具有最佳的协同效果。
3-3.亚香茅及互叶白千层的混合精油
为了确认试验例4的亚香茅与试验例6的互叶白千层精油之间的相互影响,对它们的混合精油所具有的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行评价。试验方法与实施例3-1的棋盘法试验(checkerboard assay)相同,测量结果如下面的[表16]至[表20]所示。
[表16]白色念珠菌
[表17]黑曲霉
[表18]绿脓杆菌
[表19]金黄色葡萄球菌
[表20]大肠杆菌
基于所述亚香茅与互叶白千层的混合精油的协同或相加的抗菌及抗真菌效果,制备了试验例27(亚香茅:互叶白千层=1:0.5)、试验例28(亚香茅:互叶白千层=1:1)及试验例29(亚香茅:互叶白千层=1:2)的亚香茅与互叶白千层的2种混合精油,并对最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行评价。
[表21]亚香茅与互叶白千层的混合精油的MIC分析值
参照上述试验结果,相比各个单一精油的单纯平均,以1:0.5-2的比例混合的亚香茅与互叶白千层精油,对于全部5种有害微生物的最低抑菌浓度减少了50%至88.6%,确认到其具有最佳的协同效果。
3-4.亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的混合精油
基于实施例3-3的亚香茅与互叶白千层的混合精油的抗菌活性检验结果,对亚香茅及互叶白千层混合精油(1:1)与百里香的3种混合精油的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行评价。试验方法与实施例3-1的棋盘法试验(checkerboard assay)相同,测量结果如下面的[表22]至[表26]。
[表22]白色念珠菌
[表23]黑曲霉
[表24]绿脓杆菌
[表25]金黄色葡萄球菌
[表26]大肠杆菌
基于所述亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的3种混合精油的协同或相加的抗菌及抗真菌效果,制备了试验例30(亚香茅:互叶白千层:百里香=1:1:0.5)、试验例31(亚香茅:互叶白千层:百里香=1:1:1)、试验例32(亚香茅:互叶白千层:百里香=1:1:2)及试验例33(亚香茅:互叶白千层:百里香=1:1:3)的亚香茅与互叶白千层的3种混合精油,并对最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行评价。
[表27]3种混合精油的MIC分析值。
参照上述试验结果,以1:0.5-2:0.5:2的比例混合的亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的3种混合精油具有协同的抗菌及抗真菌效果,确认到其具有最佳的协同效果。
实施例4.检验最终混合精油的抗菌活性
在上述实施例3-2中,柠檬草、马郁兰及黑黄檀中,柠檬草、马郁兰及黑黄檀等3种在1:8-32:0.5-2.5的配比下具有最佳效果,并参照实施例3-4中具有1:0.5-2:0.5:2配比的亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香等3种,对效果最好的试验例24的组合(柠檬草:马郁兰:黑黄檀=1:19:1)与试验例31(亚香茅:互叶白千层:百里香=1:1:1)的组合进行联用,其结果显示,当它们以10:1混合时显示出最佳的抗菌效果。
由此,柠檬草、马郁兰、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的6种混合精油在[1:8-32:0.5-2.5:0.05-0.2:0.05-0.2:0.05-0.2]的比例下具有最佳效果。
为了检验柠檬草、马郁兰、黑黄檀、亚香茅、互叶白千层及百里香的6种混合精油的效果,验证试验例34(柠檬草:马郁兰:黑黄檀:亚香茅:互叶白千层:百里香=1:19:1:0.1:0.1:0.1)的抗菌活性。
在试验例34的6种精油和载体油(葡萄籽油)中准备具有1×105~6CFU/ml的初始菌数的5种菌株实施最低抑菌效果试验。将准备的5种菌株接种至对照组、比较组及混合精油,按照各个菌株的最佳条件进行培养,并且每0、1、24小时采集样本,利用无菌生理盐水(saline)稀释10倍,涂抹至琼脂培养基。在最佳条件下培养涂抹的板后,确认菌落及计数后确认减少率。由此,能够确认以最佳比例混合的精油对5种微生物的抑菌功效,其结果显示在[表28]中。
[表28]
参照[表28],与未处理阴性对照组相比,在经本发明的6种混合精油处理的试验例34中,对全部有害细菌具有高达99.9%以上的抑制率,相比单一精油(试验例1至4、6及7),本发明的混合精油具有显著的抗菌及抗真菌协同效果(参照图1)。另外,与比较例1至3的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或市售的样本等相比,也具有优异的抗菌效果。
综上,详细描述了本发明的特定部分,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,这些具体技术仅是优选实施例,显然本发明的范围并不受限于此。本发明的实质范围将由所附权利要求及其等同物来限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其特征在于,其含有马郁兰(Origanum majorana)、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)、黑黄檀(Dalbergia nigra)、亚香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)、互叶白千层(Melaleuca alternifolia)及百里香(Thymus vulgaris)的草本混合精华素作为有效成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其特征在于,所述马郁兰(Origanummajorana)、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)、黑黄檀(Dalbergia nigra)、亚香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)、互叶白千层(Melaleuca alternifolia)及百里香(Thymusvulgaris)的重量比为1:8~32:0.5~2.5:0.05~0.2:0.05~0.2:0.05~0.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物对念珠菌属真菌及曲霉属真菌具有抗真菌活性。
4.根据权利要求3所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其特征在于,所述念珠菌属真菌是白色念珠菌(Candida albicans),所述曲霉属真菌是黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物对埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)菌株、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)菌株及葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)菌株具有抗菌活性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物,其特征在于,所述埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)菌株是大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli),所述假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)菌株是绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonasaeruginosa),所述葡萄球菌属(Pseudomonas)菌株是金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)。
7.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1至6中任一项所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物作为有效成分。
8.一种化妆品组合物,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1至6中任一项所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物作为有效成分。
9.一种用于保存食品或饲料的防腐剂组合物,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1至6中任一项所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物作为有效成分。
10.一种治疗除人类以外的动物的细菌或真菌感染疾病的方法,其特征在于,其包括向需要治疗的个体给予权利要求1至6中任一项所述的抗菌及抗真菌组合物,从而杀灭致病菌。
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