CN112216832B - Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112216832B
CN112216832B CN202011108657.1A CN202011108657A CN112216832B CN 112216832 B CN112216832 B CN 112216832B CN 202011108657 A CN202011108657 A CN 202011108657A CN 112216832 B CN112216832 B CN 112216832B
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sulfur
carbon
tantalum carbide
lithium
tantalum
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CN112216832A (en
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王新
宋彩玲
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Zhaoqing South China Normal University Optoelectronics Industry Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium-sulfur batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof. The anode material is a sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material. The positive electrode material not only reduces volume expansion of sulfur during circulation, but also inhibits shuttling effect of polysulfide; the preparation method is simple and effective, and is easy to realize large-scale and low-cost industrialization.

Description

Lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium-sulfur batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the demand of people on electronic products is continuously increased, and the electric automobile industry, the energy storage industries of solar energy, wind energy and the like, the aerospace energy storage industry and the like which are rapidly developed in the current market place have higher requirements on batteries. The traditional lithium ion battery has the advantages of long cycle life, mature process, environmental friendliness and the like, but the theoretical capacity of the traditional lithium ion battery is generally not more than 300mAh/g, so that the traditional lithium ion battery can not meet the requirement of large-scale equipment needing a high-energy-density energy storage system such as an electric automobile and the like. The theoretical specific capacity of the elemental sulfur is 1672mAh/g, and the theoretical energy density of the lithium-sulfur battery assembled by the elemental sulfur and a lithium sheet is 2600Wh/kg. The lithium sulfur battery has attracted wide social attention due to its higher energy density, however, the lithium sulfur battery often has poor cycle performance due to shuttle effect during charging and discharging, and mass production and development of the lithium sulfur battery are seriously hindered due to the problems of non-conductivity of elemental sulfur, poor conductivity of lithium polysulfide as an intermediate product generated during charging and discharging, volume expansion generated during charging and discharging, and the like.
In order to solve the above problems, many researchers have studied them and roughly divided into three categories: (1) The method is characterized in that a proper anode material is selected and compounded with sulfur to serve as a sulfur host, the conductivity of the sulfur is improved, meanwhile, the intermediate product lithium polysulfide is structurally coated, the dissolution of the intermediate product lithium polysulfide in the charging and discharging process is inhibited, and the utilization rate of active substances in an electrode material is improved; (2) protecting the negative electrode lithium sheet; and (3) selecting a proper electrolyte system.
Aiming at various problems of the lithium-sulfur battery at present, the modified material for the sulfur anode has the following main characteristics: (1) Good conductivity is realized, so that the transmission of electrons in the electrode is facilitated, and the solid/liquid interface reaction kinetics are promoted; (2) The active sulfur is highly dispersed on a matrix material due to the porous structure with proper and rich size and certain mechanical strength, and the internal porous network can ensure the transmission of ions and electrons and relieve the structural collapse caused by volume expansion and shrinkage stress in the discharge process; (3) Has proper adsorption effect on lithium polysulfide, thereby achieving the purposes of inhibiting shuttle effect, improving the utilization rate of active substances and improving the long-range stability of the battery; (4) The catalyst has certain catalytic action on the conversion reaction between sulfur species in the lithium-sulfur battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the existing defects, the positive electrode material not only reduces the volume expansion of sulfur during circulation, but also inhibits the shuttling effect of polysulfide; the preparation method is simple and effective, and is easy to realize large-scale and low-cost industrialization.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a positive electrode material of a lithium-sulfur battery is a sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material.
The preparation method of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing tantalum carbide: first Ta 2 Mixing AlC powder and HF water solution, and stirring to obtain a product; then washing the product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol until the pH value is 4-7, and drying to obtain tantalum carbide;
(2) Preparation of tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide: weighing the tantalum carbide obtained in the step (1) on a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a tubular furnace, firstly introducing argon for 0.5-1 h at the rate of 100-300 mL/min in the tubular furnace, then increasing the temperature to 500-900 ℃ at the rate of 1-10 ℃/min, introducing carbon dioxide gas at the temperature, preserving the temperature for 10-120 min, then introducing argon into the tubular furnace at the rate of 100-300 mL/min, and naturally cooling the tubular furnace to obtain tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide;
(3) Preparing a sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material: firstly, weighing nano sulfur and tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide obtained in the step (2) to mix, and putting the mixture into a mortar to grind into powder; then, carbon disulfide is dripped into the mortar for full grinding again, and then the mixture is put into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 120-170 ℃ for 6-18 h, thus obtaining the sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material.
Ta in the step (1) 2 AlC powder: aqueous HF solution 0.2g:1.5mL; wherein the mass fraction of the HF aqueous solution is 40-55%.
The stirring in the step (1) is specifically stirring for 72-240 h at 20-60 ℃; the drying is specifically drying in a vacuum oven at 60-70 ℃.
And (3) weighing 100-200 mg of the tantalum carbide obtained in the step (1) in the step (2).
In the step (3), nano sulfur is added according to the mass ratio: the tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide obtained in the step (2) is 2-5: 1.
the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the composite material provided by the invention fully considers the structural problem of the sulfur-based composite material in the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material in the design process, and innovatively provides the process for preparing the tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide.
From the aspect of morphology, the accordion-shaped multilayer tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide serving as a sulfur carrier can better coat sulfur, volume expansion of sulfur during circulation is reduced, the material is exposed to more active sites due to the layered structure, transmission efficiency of electrons and ions can be improved, mass transfer rate is improved, redox reaction in the charging and discharging processes of the lithium sulfur battery is promoted, and polysulfide conversion is promoted, so that the utilization rate of active substances is improved, and the electrochemical performance of the lithium sulfur battery is improved.
Physically, tantalum pentoxide, as a transition metal oxide, can increase the adsorptivity, i.e., adsorb polysulfides better and more, thereby inhibiting the shuttling effect of polysulfides; tantalum carbide, in conjunction with carbon coated on the outside, can increase electrical conductivity in lithium sulfur batteries. The electrochemical performance and the cycling stability of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material can be improved.
The preparation method is simple and effective, is easy to realize large-scale and low-cost industrialization of the composite material, and has the characteristics of high yield and industrial feasibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first electrochemical charge-discharge curve at 0.2C when the sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material obtained in example 1 is applied to a lithium-sulfur battery as a positive electrode material;
fig. 2 shows the specific discharge capacity of the first 50 cycles of the sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material obtained in example 1 as a positive electrode material for a lithium-sulfur battery at 0.2C.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing tantalum carbide: first 0.2gTa 2 Mixing AlC powder with 1.5mL of HF aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 40%, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 120h to obtain a product, namely Ta 2 0.2g of AlC powder: aqueous HF solution (0.2 g): 1.5mL; then washing the product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol until the pH value is 4-7, and drying the product in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to obtain tantalum carbide;
(2) Preparation of tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide: weighing 0.1g of tantalum carbide obtained in the step (1) on a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a tubular furnace, installing a carbon dioxide one-step oxidation method device, firstly introducing argon gas into the tubular furnace at the rate of 200mL/min for 1h, then raising the temperature to 800 ℃ at the rate of 5 ℃/min, introducing carbon dioxide gas at the temperature, preserving the temperature for 30min, then introducing argon gas into the tubular furnace at the rate of 200mL/min, and naturally cooling the tubular furnace to obtain tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide;
(3) Preparing a sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material: firstly, weighing and mixing nano sulfur and the tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of the nano sulfur: the tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide obtained in the step (2) is 3:1; placing the mixture in a mortar and grinding the mixture into uniform and fine powder; then, a proper amount of carbon disulfide is dripped into the mortar for fully grinding again, and then the mixture is put into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 155 ℃ for 12 hours, so that the sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material can be obtained.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the initial discharge capacity of the material obtained in this example as a positive electrode material for a lithium-sulfur battery was 1197mAh & &g at a current density of 0.2C -1
As can be seen from fig. 2, the cycling performance of the material obtained in this example as a positive electrode material for a lithium-sulfur battery is better and is stabilized at about 1200mAh/g at a current density of 0.2C.
Example 2
The preparation method of the lithium-sulfur battery cathode material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing tantalum carbide: first 0.2gTa 2 Mixing AlC powder with 1.5mL of 40% HF aqueous solution, stirring at 60 deg.C for 120h to obtain product, ta 2 0.2g of AlC powder: aqueous HF solution 0.2g:1.5mL; then washing the product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol until the pH value is 4-7, and drying the product in a vacuum oven at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to obtain tantalum carbide;
(2) Preparation of tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide: weighing 0.1g of tantalum carbide obtained in the step (1) on a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a tubular furnace, installing a carbon dioxide one-step oxidation method device, firstly introducing argon gas into the tubular furnace at the rate of 200mL/min for 1h, then raising the temperature to 800 ℃ at the rate of 5 ℃/min, introducing carbon dioxide gas at the temperature, preserving the temperature for 60min, then introducing argon gas into the tubular furnace at the rate of 200mL/min, and naturally cooling the tubular furnace to obtain tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide;
(3) Preparing a sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material: firstly, weighing and mixing nano sulfur and the tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of nano sulfur: the tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide obtained in the step (2) is 3:1; placing the mixture in a mortar and grinding the mixture into uniform and fine powder; then, a proper amount of carbon disulfide is dripped into the mortar for fully grinding again, and then the mixture is put into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 155 ℃ for 12 hours, so that the sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material can be obtained.

Claims (5)

1. The lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material is characterized in that the positive electrode material is a sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material; the composite material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing tantalum carbide: first Ta 2 Mixing AlC powder and HF aqueous solution, and stirring to obtain a product; then washing the product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol until the pH value is 4-7, and drying to obtain tantalum carbide;
(2) Preparation of tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide: weighing the tantalum carbide obtained in the step (1) on a porcelain boat and placing the porcelain boat in a tubular furnace, firstly introducing argon at the rate of 100-300 mL/min for 0.5-1 h in the tubular furnace, then raising the temperature to 500-900 ℃ at the rate of 1-10 ℃/min, introducing carbon dioxide gas at the temperature, preserving the temperature for 10-120 min, then introducing argon into the tubular furnace at the rate of 100-300 mL/min, and naturally cooling the tubular furnace to obtain tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide;
(3) Preparing a sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material: firstly, weighing nano sulfur and the tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide obtained in the step (2) to mix, and putting the mixture into a mortar to grind into powder; then, carbon disulfide is dripped into the mortar for full grinding again, and then the mixture is put into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the temperature of 120-170 ℃ for 6-18 h, thus obtaining the sulfur/tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide composite material.
2. The lithium sulfur battery positive electrode material as defined in claim 1, wherein Ta in the step (1) 2 AlC powder: aqueous HF solution (0.2 g): 1.5mL; wherein the mass fraction of the HF aqueous solution is 40-55%.
3. The positive electrode material for the lithium-sulfur battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirring in the step (1) is specifically stirring at 20-60 ℃ for 72-240 h; the drying is specifically drying in a vacuum oven at 60-70 ℃.
4. The lithium-sulfur battery cathode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein 100 to 200mg of the tantalum carbide obtained in step (1) is weighed in step (2).
5. The lithium-sulfur battery cathode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the ratio of nano sulfur: the tantalum pentoxide/carbon/tantalum carbide obtained in the step (2) is 2-5: 1.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107275722A (en) * 2009-08-07 2017-10-20 辉光能源公司 Battery or fuel cell system
CN108711618A (en) * 2018-08-23 2018-10-26 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Method for improving cycle stability of lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material
CN109216691A (en) * 2018-11-06 2019-01-15 桑德集团有限公司 A kind of positive electrode active materials and preparation method thereof and lithium battery
CN110993964A (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-04-10 内蒙古大学 TaC-TaN-Ta2O5Three-phase composite powder and preparation method and application thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7468224B2 (en) * 2004-03-16 2008-12-23 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Battery having improved positive electrode and method of manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107275722A (en) * 2009-08-07 2017-10-20 辉光能源公司 Battery or fuel cell system
CN108711618A (en) * 2018-08-23 2018-10-26 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Method for improving cycle stability of lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material
CN109216691A (en) * 2018-11-06 2019-01-15 桑德集团有限公司 A kind of positive electrode active materials and preparation method thereof and lithium battery
CN110993964A (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-04-10 内蒙古大学 TaC-TaN-Ta2O5Three-phase composite powder and preparation method and application thereof

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