CN112214898A - Indoor air quality pre-evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor air quality pre-evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, establishing a room model; s2, counting the material list, the main material and the auxiliary material in the decoration scheme, and inputting the area of each material exposed in the air into a calculation model; s3, looking up pollution release reports required by national standards of various materials in the bill of materials, and obtaining the pollution release E of the materials under the quasi-steady state condition of the experimental test working condition; s4, acquiring pollution emission characteristic parameters of the building materials; s5, inputting the pollution emission characteristic parameters of each material into a calculation model, and calculating and predicting the room concentration; and S6, predicting the room concentration through simulation calculation, evaluating the decoration material scheme, and presenting an evaluation result. The indoor air quality pre-evaluation method has the advantages of high evaluation accuracy and strong feasibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollution prevention and control, in particular to an indoor air quality pre-evaluation method.
Background
With the improvement of the living quality requirements of people, the health and comfort of the indoor environment are increasingly concerned by people. The indoor decoration is an important link before the building is actually put into operation and use, and besides the requirements of building users on the indoor environment attractiveness, use functionality and the like are met, the indoor decoration also mainly meets the requirements of the building users on air quality safety and health in actual use, and diseases caused by indoor environment pollution of the building are prevented. In a building, formaldehyde and VOC pollution caused by decoration can cause morbid building syndrome (SBS for short), cause the incidence of malignant diseases such as leukemia and the like to rise, and cause asthma and even cancer. Therefore, it is very important to secure the indoor air quality of a room by controlling the quality of the building finishing material.
Although the pollutant content and release amount standards of various building materials and furniture are continuously exported and implemented, the pollution problem of indoor decoration is still not effectively solved. According to the detection result of a Chinese environmental monitoring central station on 2478 rooms newly decorated within 12 months in Beijing City in 2007-2015, the standard exceeding rate of formaldehyde in the air of all monitored rooms is 50.8%, and the maximum concentration is 12.9 times higher. One of the important reasons is that the standards of building materials and furniture and the indoor air quality standard are unhooked, the requirement of the acceptance standards for completion on the air quality and the air quality standard for actual operation are unhooked, and the air quality does not reach the standard when a user actually uses the building materials and the furniture which are qualified by the implementation department of decoration and acceptance standards for completion, so that complaints and disputes are generated. The indoor decoration project has great influence on the final indoor air quality on the quality control, the use amount, the bearing rate design, the room airing measure after decoration and the like of indoor materials.
The pollutant release of the decoration material is a dynamic change process, and in order to reasonably pre-evaluate the indoor air quality, the pollutant release rule of the building material must be known, namely the pollutant release amount of the building material under the standard experimental working condition is obtained by an environmental chamber test method specified by the national standard, or the pollutant emission characteristic parameters (including initial releasable concentration, diffusion coefficient, separation coefficient and the like) of the building material are obtained by the environmental chamber test combined with a time-by-time concentration simulation calculation method. On the basis, the indoor air quality is pre-evaluated by combining the indoor consumption of various materials, the indoor ventilation condition, the temperature and humidity and other conditions.
In order to effectively predict and control the indoor air quality when a room runs after finishing decoration before the decoration is carried out, the problem of air pollution caused by decoration is prevented in the prior art, and therefore, an effective indoor air quality pre-evaluation method becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, one purpose of the invention is to provide an indoor air quality pre-evaluation method, which not only ensures scientificity, but also has strong feasibility and has important significance for popularization of indoor air quality pre-evaluation.
The invention also provides a non-transitory readable storage medium capable of realizing the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method.
The indoor air quality pre-evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, establishing a room model;
s2, counting the material list, the main material and the auxiliary material in the decoration scheme, and inputting the area of each material exposed in the air into a calculation model;
s3, looking up pollution release reports required by national standards of various materials in the bill of materials, and obtaining the pollution release E of the materials under the quasi-steady state condition of the experimental test working condition;
s4, acquiring pollution emission characteristic parameters of the building materials;
s5, inputting the pollution emission characteristic parameters of each material into a calculation model, and calculating and predicting the room concentration;
and S6, predicting the room concentration through simulation calculation, evaluating the decoration material scheme, and presenting an evaluation result.
The indoor air quality pre-evaluation method provided by the invention not only ensures scientificity, but also has strong feasibility, and has important significance for popularization of indoor air quality pre-evaluation.
According to the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method of one embodiment of the present invention, the modeling of the room in step S1 includes inputting basic information of the room, an area of the room, and the number of times of ventilation of the room for each period from the approach of the decoration.
According to an embodiment of the method for pre-evaluating indoor air quality, the step S4 of obtaining the characteristic parameters of the pollution emission of the building material includes: initial releasable concentration of material C0A material internal diffusion coefficient D and a material surface distribution coefficient K.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step S4 includes:
s401, classifying building materials with the same raw material composition and the same manufacturing process into building materials of the same type;
s402, searching whether material emission characteristic parameter data of the same type of building materials exist in a material emission characteristic parameter database, and directly adopting a material internal diffusion coefficient D and a material surface distribution coefficient K of the same type of building materials;
s403, calculating and obtaining the initial releasable concentration C of the material according to the ratio of the material pollution release amount E under the experimental test working condition quasi-steady state condition in the step 30;
S404, if no related data of the building materials of the same type exist, the emission characteristic parameters of the materials need to be acquired through the time-by-time concentration test of the environmental chamber.
According to the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method of one embodiment of the invention, the initial releasable concentration C of the material is calculated and obtained in step S4030The expression of (a) is:
in the formula EAIs the pollutant emission of Material A, EBIs the pollutant emission of material B, C0,AIs a materialInitial releasable concentration of A, C0,BIs the initial releasable concentration of material B.
According to the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the method belongs to a novel performance index method.
A non-transitory readable storage medium according to a second aspect of the present invention has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method of the first aspect of the present invention. The advantages of the non-transitory readable storage medium and the above-mentioned indoor air quality pre-evaluation method over the prior art are the same, and are not described herein again.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an indoor air quality pre-evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of step 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a second flowchart of an indoor air quality pre-evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
An indoor air quality pre-evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3. As shown in fig. 1, the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
s1, establishing a room model;
s2, counting the material list, the main material and the auxiliary material in the decoration scheme, and inputting the area of each material exposed in the air into a calculation model;
s3, looking up pollution release reports required by national standards of various materials in the bill of materials, and obtaining the pollution release E of the materials under the quasi-steady state condition of the experimental test working condition;
s4, acquiring pollution emission characteristic parameters of the building materials;
s5, inputting the pollution emission characteristic parameters of each material into a calculation model, and calculating and predicting the room concentration;
and S6, predicting the room concentration through simulation calculation, evaluating the decoration material scheme, and presenting an evaluation result. Further, in a specific embodiment, by setting the calculated last 12 hours of ventilation times to be 0, the simulation calculation obtains the concentration of pollutants in the closed room within 12 hours after the room enters the operation stage for any specified time, and the standard GB/T18883 pollutant concentration limit value or the design target concentration limit value is compared, so that the evaluation of the decoration design scheme is realized.
In the existing evaluation methods, a specified index method and a traditional performance index method are mostly adopted, wherein the specified index method is to use the pollutant release amount classification of materials as an input condition of pre-evaluation, and the pre-evaluation results of the materials with the same classification are the same. And contamination of building materials of practically the same gradeThe amount of released material is in a range, and especially when one or more lower grade building materials are adopted, the range difference of the release rate of the pollutants is large. For example, using a sheet material with a release rating of F3, the E release may be approximately 0.03mg/m3And may be close to 0.06mg/m3On the same scale, the results may differ by a factor of approximately 1 (as shown in table 1), leading to inaccurate evaluation results.
TABLE 1 comparison table of pollutant emission amount grades of finishing materials
The TVOC is Total Volatile Organic Compounds (Total Volatile Organic Compounds).
Further, the conventional performance index method is to pre-evaluate the indoor air quality by using the pollutant release amount or initial releasable concentration of the material, diffusion coefficient, separation coefficient and other characteristic parameters as input conditions. The conventional performance index method has the following two problems:
firstly, if the equilibrium pollutant release amount of a material is taken as an input condition, because the pollutant release rate of a building material has a coupling relation with the external environment concentration condition, under the condition of fixed ventilation times, the higher the release rate is, the faster the external environment concentration rises, and the rise of the external environment concentration can inhibit the release, so that the release rate is reduced, and the release rate input by model calculation is obtained under the experiment quasi-steady state condition, when the model is used in an actual environment, because of the coupling relation, when the environment is greatly different from the experiment condition, the misjudgment of the result can be caused;
secondly, if the characteristic parameters such as initial releasable concentration, diffusion coefficient, separation coefficient and the like are used as input conditions, the physical characteristics of building material pollutant release are better met, and the reliability of the prediction result is higher, but the defects are that the database of the characteristic parameters is lacked and the detection method is complex, if all materials are detected by the characteristic parameters besides the detection required by national standards, the cost is high, a large amount of test time (about 7 days for each material) is needed, and the decoration design and construction progress are influenced.
The indoor air quality pre-evaluation method overcomes the defect that the acquisition difficulty of the material emission characteristic parameters is high in the two methods, and estimates the building material pollution emission characteristic parameters by combining the emission characteristic parameters of the same material and the pollutant emission amount of the material in the equilibrium state in the calculation model, and then substitutes the estimated building material pollution emission characteristic parameters into the calculation model to pre-evaluate the air quality, so that the scientificity is guaranteed, the feasibility is high, and the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method has important significance for popularization of indoor air quality pre-evaluation.
According to the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method, the inaccuracy of pre-evaluation by singly using the pollution release amount of the building materials at present is overcome, and a large amount of additional test work increased by adopting an environmental chamber hourly concentration method for all the building materials is reduced; the method not only ensures the scientificity, but also has strong feasibility, and has important significance for the popularization of indoor air quality pre-evaluation.
According to the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method of one embodiment of the present invention, the modeling of the room in step S1 includes inputting basic information of the room, an area of the room, and the number of times of ventilation of the room for each period from the approach of the decoration.
According to an embodiment of the method for pre-evaluating indoor air quality, the step S4 of obtaining the characteristic parameters of the pollution emission of the building material includes: initial releasable concentration of material C0A material internal diffusion coefficient D and a material surface distribution coefficient K.
According to an embodiment of the method for pre-evaluating indoor air quality, as shown in fig. 2, step S4 includes:
s401, classifying building materials with the same raw material composition and the same manufacturing process into building materials of the same type; specifically, for example, two types of medium density boards having the same overlay and the same substrate density can be classified as the same type of building material. Furthermore, for the same type of building materials, due to the consistence of materials and structures, the two parameters of the diffusion coefficient D in the material and the distribution coefficient K on the surface of the material in the emission characteristic parameters of the material can be determined to be respectively the same, and the initial releasable concentration C of the material0Difference. Further, in a specific embodiment, the initial releasable concentration C of the material is caused to occur0The difference exists in two reasons, firstly, the glue consumption in the production process of different batches of materials is different; secondly, the initial releasable concentration C of the material from the factory to the decoration is caused by the difference of release time or release environment0The degree of reduction of (c) is different.
S402, searching whether material emission characteristic parameter data of the same type of building materials exist in a material emission characteristic parameter database, and directly adopting a material internal diffusion coefficient D and a material surface distribution coefficient K of the same type of building materials; further, for example, a and B are building materials of the same type, and the emission characteristic parameter of the building material a is stored in the material emission characteristic parameter database, and the two parameters of the material internal diffusion coefficient D and the material surface distribution coefficient K of the material B are directly the parameters of the building material a.
S403, calculating and obtaining the initial releasable concentration C of the material according to the ratio of the material pollution release amount E under the experimental test working condition quasi-steady state condition in the step 30;
S404, if no related data of the building materials of the same type exist, the emission characteristic parameters of the materials need to be acquired through the time-by-time concentration test of the environmental chamber. Specifically, the building material is placed in a closed environment cabin or an environment cabin with given ventilation conditions, the air in the cabin is sampled and analyzed at different time points to obtain a group of time-by-time pollutant concentration points, the time-by-time pollutant concentration points are substituted into a calculation model for fitting, and the emission characteristic parameter of the material, namely the initial releasable concentration C of the material, can be obtained0The material internal diffusion coefficient D and the material surface distribution coefficient K.
According to the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method of one embodiment of the invention, the initial releasable concentration C of the material is calculated and obtained in step S4030The expression of (a) is:
in the formula EAIs the pollutant emission of Material A, EBIs the pollutant emission of material B, C0,AIs the initial releasable concentration of material A, C0,BIs the initial releasable concentration of material B.
According to the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the method belongs to a novel performance index method, and compared with the traditional performance index method, the novel performance index method not only ensures scientificity, but also has stronger feasibility, and is more accurate in indoor air quality pre-evaluation.
In conclusion, according to the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method disclosed by the invention, the inaccuracy of pre-evaluation by singly using the pollution release amount of the building materials at present is overcome, and a large amount of additional test work increased by adopting an environmental chamber time-by-time concentration method for all the building materials is reduced; the method not only ensures the scientificity, but also has strong feasibility, and has important significance for the popularization of indoor air quality pre-evaluation.
A non-transitory readable storage medium according to a second aspect of the present invention has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method of the first aspect of the present invention. The non-transitory readable storage medium has the same advantages as the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method compared with the prior art, so that the non-transitory readable storage medium has the advantages of more accuracy and more science in indoor air quality pre-evaluation and the like.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. An indoor air quality pre-evaluation method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, establishing a room model;
s2, counting the material list, the main material and the auxiliary material in the decoration scheme, and inputting the area of each material exposed in the air into a calculation model;
s3, looking up pollution release reports required by national standards of various materials in the bill of materials, and obtaining the pollution release E of the materials under the quasi-steady state condition of the experimental test working condition;
s4, acquiring pollution emission characteristic parameters of the building materials;
s5, inputting the pollution emission characteristic parameters of each material into a calculation model, and calculating and predicting the room concentration;
and S6, predicting the room concentration through simulation calculation, evaluating the decoration material scheme, and presenting an evaluation result.
2. The indoor air quality pre-evaluation method of claim 1, wherein the establishing of the room model in the step S1 includes inputting basic information of the room, an area of the room, and a number of times of ventilation of the room for each period from a finishing approach.
3. The indoor air quality pre-evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring of the pollution emission characteristic parameter of the building material in the step S4 includes: initial releasable concentration of material C0A material internal diffusion coefficient D and a material surface distribution coefficient K.
4. The indoor air quality pre-evaluation method of claim 3, wherein the step S4 includes:
s401, classifying building materials with the same raw material composition and the same manufacturing process into building materials of the same type;
s402, searching whether material emission characteristic parameter data of the same type of building materials exist in a material emission characteristic parameter database, and directly adopting a material internal diffusion coefficient D and a material surface distribution coefficient K of the same type of building materials;
s403, calculating and obtaining the initial releasable concentration C of the material according to the ratio of the material pollution release amount E under the experimental test working condition quasi-steady state condition in the step 30;
S404, if no related data of the building materials of the same type exist, the emission characteristic parameters of the materials need to be acquired through the time-by-time concentration test of the environmental chamber.
5. An indoor air quality pre-evaluation method according to claim 4,calculating and obtaining the initial releasable concentration C of the material in step S4030The expression of (a) is:
6. An indoor air quality pre-evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method belongs to a novel performance index method.
7. A non-transitory readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the indoor air quality pre-evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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