CN112213813A - Ultra-wideband high-gain multi-core optical fiber light source - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband high-gain multi-core optical fiber light source Download PDFInfo
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- CN112213813A CN112213813A CN201910621726.XA CN201910621726A CN112213813A CN 112213813 A CN112213813 A CN 112213813A CN 201910621726 A CN201910621726 A CN 201910621726A CN 112213813 A CN112213813 A CN 112213813A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband high-gain multi-core optical fiber light source. A plurality of multimode pump lasers are adopted to generate a wide-spectrum spontaneous radiation spectrum in a multi-core double-clad fiber doped with various materials, then the spectrum is coupled with a tapered fiber through beam combination, and finally the whole spectrum with high brightness and ultra-wideband is output through one fiber. The invention realizes integrated parallel amplification through the multi-core multi-doped optical fiber, and finally obtains the low-divergence optical fiber light source with high brightness, ultra wide band and flat spectral line.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to the field of broadband optical source for broadband communication transmission optical fiber amplifier and sensing application.
(II) background of the invention
The transmission capacity of fiber optic communications has continued to increase, and wavelength division multiplexing is one of the primary ways to expand the communication capacity. However, when applied to a communication system, only the C-band and a part of the L-band can be amplified due to the spectral characteristics of the erbium-doped fiber, so that the current communication system mainly uses only the C-band, the L-band and the 1310nm single wavelength.
Optical fiber sensing has developed rapidly in recent years, and various sensors from grating type to interference type play a great role in the field of security and in the field of intelligent systems. However, the optical fiber sensing cannot be separated from the light source, and particularly, the optical fiber sensing cannot be separated from the broadband high-brightness optical fiber light source in the construction and research of a new type of sensor.
In scientific research, spectroscopic measurement is an important means, and for example, absorption spectroscopy testing is a physically important research means. One important tool in spectroscopic measurements is the light source, which is currently available as tungsten halogen lamps, SLED light sources, mercury lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, supercontinuum light sources, and the like.
Some of the above sources have broad spectral lines, but are expensive, such as supercontinuum sources. Some are cheap, but have low output brightness, weak light intensity and light divergence, and are difficult to be coupled into optical fibers, such as a high-pressure sodium lamp. The optical fiber light source has the advantages of good output stability, moderate price and the like. However, the width and brightness of current light sources are insufficient. The bismuth-doped optical fiber is used as a new luminescent medium, and the fluorescence emission spectrum of the bismuth-doped optical fiber is very wide and covers the range from 1100nm to 1600 nm. However, bismuth-doped fibers are very susceptible to concentration quenching, resulting in severe deficiencies in output brightness.
Patent CN101719621A discloses a high-power multiband multi-core fiber laser, which is characterized in that fiber reflection gratings are loaded on two ends of a multi-core multi-doped fiber or a high-reflectivity film is plated on the end surface of the fiber, so that a fiber resonant cavity is formed, and the pumping efficiency of pumping light is increased. The patent does not adjust the flatness of the output spectrum.
Patent CN101771233A discloses a high-power multiband multilayer rare earth ion-doped ring-core laser, which is characterized in that the optical fiber is composed of multiple layers of different doped materials, and excitation of different rare earth ions is realized in different layers. In addition, the two ends of the optical fiber are loaded with fiber gratings or fiber end face reflecting films aiming at the pump light, so that the function of improving the pumping efficiency is realized, but the flatness of an output spectrum is not adjusted, the structure is only a multi-layer multi-doped optical fiber, and the problem of beam combination among different doped layers is not considered.
Patent CN104035166A discloses a high power laser beam combiner based on multi-core fiber. The multi-channel laser beam combining device realizes the beam combining function of multi-channel laser signals, has no doping of various materials compared with the multi-channel laser beam combining device, realizes the function of combining the multi-channel light beams in the multi-core optical fiber to obtain a high-power output light beam, and has no corresponding regulation and treatment on an output spectrum.
Patent CN203480085U discloses a fiber laser beam combiner, which only realizes the tapering beam combination of multiple fibers, and does not involve multi-core active doped fiber and ultra-wideband spectral output.
Patent CN205122987U discloses a multi-core fiber laser, which is composed of a fiber pump coupler of NX1, a multi-core active fiber, and a multi-core fiber grating. From the mechanism, the multi-core active fiber of the device does not involve the doping of a plurality of rare earth ions, and the beam combination of the pump light is realized by fiber tapering. The output optical fiber is in a multi-core form, and the key problem of multi-core optical fiber beam combination is not solved.
Patent CN103682961A discloses an ultra-wideband fiber light source system and a fiber light source implementation method, in which erbium-doped and bismuth-doped active fibers are combined to obtain a broadband superfluorescent light source. Due to the existence of two sets of active fiber pumping structures, the device integration level is not enough, and the design is not designed aiming at the spectrum flatness.
Patent CN200320112294.4 discloses an optical fiber ultra-wideband light source, which comprises an optical fiber, a semiconductor laser, an optical isolator, an erbium-doped fiber, a reflector, and a wavelength division multiplexing coupler. Structurally, this patent increases pumping efficiency using forward and backward pumping and mirrors. The flat range of the output spectrum is 65 nm.
Patent CN201310560042.6 discloses an ultra wide band light source based on erbium thulium neodymium codoping, and the optic fibre in this patent is prepared by erbium thulium neodymium three kinds of rare earth element codoping, through the excitation of pumping light, produces the ultra wide band output light wave based on spontaneous radiation, and the wavelength range is 1280nm-1625nm, and it does not make corresponding design to the spectrum is flat, also has only single optic fibre core in the structure.
Patent CN201680037135.2 discloses a technical solution for realizing a broadband light source by using a supercontinuum technique. The ultra-short pulse laser is mainly used for generating an ultra-wideband spectrum in a high nonlinear microstructure optical fiber through a nonlinear effect, and the ultra-wideband spectrum is output through an optical fiber assembly. This patent does not relate to doping solutions and multi-core fiber solutions because the generation of its light source relies on nonlinear effects rather than electronic transitions.
Patent CN201280006872.8 discloses a technical solution for realizing a broadband light source by using a supercontinuum technique. The ultra-short pulse laser is mainly used for generating a super-continuum spectrum in high-nonlinearity optical fibers, each high-nonlinearity optical fiber is provided with a loop light path, and finally, the ultra-wideband spectrum is output through multiple paths of light paths. This patent also does not relate to doping solutions and multicore fiber solutions.
The broadband high-gain light source is a powerful scientific research tool and is widely applied to the fields of scientific research and sensing. In summary, the supercontinuum, the SLED, the single-core broadband light source and the multi-core laser light source can be applied, but the cost and the technical method are different. The adoption of the multi-core optical fiber and the realization of the ultra-wideband high-gain light source in a low-cost mode still has various technical problems which are not thoroughly researched.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to manufacture an ultra-wideband high-gain multi-core optical fiber light source which adopts a design of a plurality of fiber cores, wherein co-doped oxide of each fiber core is Bi2O3/ZrO2/SbO2/GeO2/Al2O3/La2O3/Er2O3One or more of them. The erbium, bismuth and ytterbium co-doped silica fiber adopts 830nm pumping, so that the small signal gain bandwidth is very wide and reaches 490nm (1100nm-1590nm), but the gain is very small, and the spectral line intensity is only about-60 dBm/nm, namely about 1 nW/nm. The spectral line intensity of the SLED light source can reach about 0.1mW/nm, and the spectral line intensity of the supercontinuum light source can reach 5 mW/nm. The spectral line flatness of the supercontinuum is generally about 8 dB. And the spectral flatness of the SLED is generally tested to be about 3 dB. And a gain flat type light source is more desirable in the fields of scientific research and sensing. The erbium, bismuth and ytterbium co-doped fiber has smaller gain, and the main reason is a quenching phenomenon caused by the concentration distribution of bismuth doping. Furthermore, as the doping concentration of bismuth increases, the fiber itself is very lossy, resulting in lower and more uneven spectral gain. Therefore, we designed multiple fibersCore doped with Bi separately2O3/ZrO2/SbO2/GeO2/Al2O3/La2O3/Er2O3To form an integrated parallel amplification to increase the gain, with the ultimate goal of making the spectral gain and flatness of the output better. The concentration design of different fiber cores in the doped multi-core fiber is different, and meanwhile, a plurality of pumping combination optimization technologies are adopted, so that the central wavelength of an output spectrum of each fiber core is subjected to red shift or blue shift, and besides the larger gain, the spectral line is flatter when a plurality of fiber cores are combined and amplified in parallel. Here, we select the pump sources to include 976nm pump, 830nm pump, 1480nm pump, etc. By using Bi2O3/ZrO2/SbO2/GeO2/Al2O3/La2O3/Er2O3The reason for this is that a single emission center cannot achieve a fluorescence spectrum of several hundred nanometers in width. Here we must be bismuth-doped as well as erbium-doped, since these two elements are the basis for our formation of multiple emission centers. It is because of the presence of multiple emission centers and the fact that the crystal field induces splitting of the erbium levels, a new small level structure is created. The wide-spectrum emission formed under the combined action of various polymorphisms and various emission centers is the basis of the ultra-wideband light source.
The cores in the multi-core optical fiber share one cladding, so that the crosstalk phenomenon necessarily exists. For a wide-spectrum light source, in order to prevent the light of other cores from crosstalk into the adjacent cores to form stimulated radiation, the structure of the optical fiber needs to be designed to reduce the crosstalk. To solve the problem, a model based on the supermode theory is provided for analyzing the relation between the transmission constant of the fiber core and the fiber crosstalk.
AjRepresenting the amplitude of the j-order supermode.
Pcore-nRepresenting the transmitted optical power of the nth core, the area of the nth core being Score-n。βjRepresents the transmission constant of the j-order supermode, phijRepresenting the initial phase of the j-order supermode.
XT is the crosstalk value, which is defined as the ratio of the signal power transmitted from the mth core to the nth core. The transmission constant of the core has a specific relationship to the fiber crosstalk. Therefore, the transmission constant of the optical fiber during the minimum crosstalk is analyzed by using a supermode theory, and then the component formulas of the optical fiber structure, the rare earth doping and the like are designed, so that the crosstalk coefficient between fiber cores is smaller than-45 dB/100 m.
The number of cores of the multicore optical fiber satisfying the crosstalk performance may be any of 7 to 37 depending on the design, provided that the pitch of adjacent two cores must not be less than 30 μm.
In the aspect of manufacturing the multi-core rare earth doped fiber, the rare earth doped fiber is firstly prepared by adopting an MCVD (micro chemical vapor deposition) process, and the refractive index of a prefabricated rod and the concentration of rare earth ions are tested after the preparation is finished. The outer diameter of the prefabricated rod is polished to reach the designed space of the fiber core. After stacking a plurality of rare earth doped prefabricated rods, placing the prefabricated rods into a pure quartz sleeve (with the refractive index of 1.4571), and filling quartz glass filaments in gaps. And mounting the prepared prefabricated rod on a drawing tower for drawing, changing the coating material into a low-refractive-index coating (the refractive index is less than 1.40), and preparing the double-cladding rare-earth-doped multi-core optical fiber by adopting a photocuring process.
The multiple pump sources include 976nm pumps, 830nm pumps, 1480nm pumps, etc. with a fan-in beam combiner combining multiple wavelengths of laser energy into one fiber. The optical fiber is welded with the double-cladding rare-earth-doped multi-core optical fiber. And coating low-refractive-index paint after welding. Because multimode pump laser is always transmitted in the quartz fiber core and is totally reflected at the interface of the low-refractive index coating, the optical fiber which is fused with the double-cladding rare-earth-doped multi-core optical fiber can be pure silicon dioxide (also called coreless optical fiber) without any doping. At this time, energy is absorbed by the plurality of cores via multiple reflections at the cladding interface. The fiber core space is small and dense by adopting the design, so the energy coupling section of the fiber core and the pump is very large, and the pump efficiency is higher than that of the double-clad fiber with a common single fiber core. This is beneficial to the broadening of the emission spectrum of rare earth. The common double-clad fiber usually needs to process the quartz cladding into an asymmetric shape so as to increase the pump absorption, but the invention can realize the strong absorption of the pump by adopting the arrangement design of the dense fiber cores, so the mechanical polishing processing of the quartz cladding is not needed. The design of the invention also reduces the manufacturing difficulty and cost.
The cross-sectional structure and the fiber core spacing designed by the invention need to consider the relation between the mode field diameter and the crosstalk. Because the present invention utilizes an integrated parallel amplification concept. The rare earth doping is different for different fiber cores. Crosstalk may cause signals from one core to enter another core to form stimulated radiation, which may cause the spectrum to be extremely uneven.
The multiple cores are mode-converted by a specially designed tapered fiber to output a plurality of individual LP01 modes as a near-gaussian beam. The structure of the multi-core fiber can be different from that of a double-cladding rare earth-doped multi-core fiber. The specific difference is that the mode field diameter of the input end of the tapered fiber is larger than that of the double-clad rare earth-doped multi-core fiber, and crosstalk exists. At short distances, such as 1cm, the light spots at the input end of the tapered fiber are independent, and the light energy of each core is Gaussian distributed. The spot at the output end of the tapered fiber is a large spot with the highest light energy at its center, with the energy gradually decreasing in the direction of increasing radius, but with a small peak around 15mm, then decreasing rapidly with increasing radius. This indicates that there are some higher order modes at the tapered fiber output and therefore it is appropriate to use a multimode fiber as the coupling output.
According to simulations, this near-gaussian beam forms a stable multi-modal transmission. The tapered fiber can form stable multi-mode transmission when the wavelength ranges from 1000nm to 1650 nm. Therefore, the output optical fiber can be welded with the tapered optical fiber by adopting a multimode optical fiber, and the welding loss is not more than 0.5 dB. Therefore, the device has colorless low coupling loss characteristics.
After the proper conical surface cutting of the conical optical fiber, the optical fiber is welded with a multimode optical fiber, and the output spectrum keeps the transmission of a near-Gaussian beam in the optical fiber. Most other light sources are high-divergence light sources, the brightness (energy density per unit area) of the light sources is small, the light source is a low-divergence light source, integrated parallel amplification is realized through multi-core doped optical fibers, and finally a light source with high brightness and flat broadband spectral lines is obtained.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a 19-core double-clad rare-earth doped optical fiber.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a 37-core double-clad rare-earth doped fiber.
Fig. 3 is an ultra-wideband multi-core fiber optic source scheme. Where 1 is a pump laser. And 2 is the pump input port. And 3 is a double-clad fan-in beam combiner. 4 is the coreless part of the fan-in beam combiner after the fused tapering, and the outer layer is coated with a low refractive index coating. And 5 is a quartz part of the double-clad rare-earth-doped multi-core fiber. And 6 is a low index coating. And 7 is a tapered optical fiber. And 8 is an output fiber.
Fig. 4 is a light spot pattern (the interval of the fiber cores is 30 μm, the number is 7) at the output end face of a multicore double-clad rare earth-doped fiber, the energy of the fiber cores is localized in the fiber cores, and no obvious crosstalk exists.
FIG. 5 is a spot diagram at the output end of a tapered fiber with multiple cores energy coupled into an approximately Gaussian beam.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the energy distribution at the output end of a tapered fiber, showing that the fiber after tapering outputs a stable energy field that approximates a Gaussian distribution.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The examples are described in further detail below.
A19-core broadband high-gain fiber light source scheme.It comprises 19 cores made by MCVD, each core is doped with Bi2O3/Er2O3And other oxides ZrO2/SbO2/GeO2/Al2O3/La2O3One or more of (a). Multimode pumps with 3 wavelengths (976nm, 830nm and 1480nm) are coupled into a 19-core double-cladding rare-earth-doped optical fiber through a double-cladding fan-in beam combiner, and the spectrums of a plurality of cores are subjected to mode conversion through a specially designed tapered optical fiber and are finally coupled and output through a multimode optical fiber.
A37-core broadband high-gain fiber light source scheme. It comprises 37 cores made by MCVD, each core is doped with Bi2O3/Er2O3And other oxides ZrO2/SbO2/GeO2/Al2O3/La2O3One or more of (a). 7 multimode pumps with 3 wavelengths are coupled into the 37-core double-cladding rare earth-doped optical fiber through a double-cladding fan-in beam combiner, and the spectrums of a plurality of fiber cores are subjected to mode conversion through a specially designed tapered optical fiber and are finally coupled and output through a multimode optical fiber. The number of the Bi-doped fiber cores is 6 times of that of the Er-doped fiber cores, the single gain of the bismuth-doped fiber is mainly small, and a high-gain broadband emission spectrum can be obtained by adopting an integrated parallel amplification mode.
Design parameters in the above embodiments although preferred, the above embodiments also describe the present invention in detail, but those skilled in the art can understand that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. An ultra-wideband high-gain multi-core fiber light source comprises a plurality of pump laser sources, a multi-mode beam combiner, a multi-core double-cladding rare-earth-doped fiber, a tapered fiber, an output fiber and the like.
2. The multi-core double-clad rare earth-doped optical fiber of claim 1, having a plurality thereofA core, the co-doped oxide in each core being Bi2O3/ZrO2/SbO2/GeO2/Al2O3/La2O3/Er2O3One or more of the fiber cores have different doping concentrations.
3. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the number of fiber cores of the optical fiber is 7-37, and the crosstalk coefficient between the fiber cores is smaller than-45 dB/100 m.
4. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of multimode pumps are pumped to the multi-core double-cladding rare earth-doped optical fiber through a common cladding of the fan-in beam combiner to realize integrated parallel amplification.
5. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the fan-in combiner fiber may be a coreless fiber, but the outer layer must be coated with a low index coating.
6. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the independent spectrums of a plurality of fiber cores are subjected to mode conversion through a specially designed tapered optical fiber, and a near-Gaussian beam is output.
7. The optical fiber of claim 1, wherein: the tapered fiber is fused with the multimode fiber after being cut by a proper conical surface, and the device has the characteristics of colorless and low coupling loss.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113866894A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-31 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Few-mode multi-core optical fiber channel splitter and preparation method thereof |
| CN115108717A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-27 | 浙江超晶晟锐光电有限公司 | Novel bismuth-erbium co-doped quartz optical fiber preform, application and preparation method |
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