CN112213468B - Method for evaluating technical effect of safety utilization of polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for evaluating technical effect of safety utilization of polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112213468B CN112213468B CN202011167497.8A CN202011167497A CN112213468B CN 112213468 B CN112213468 B CN 112213468B CN 202011167497 A CN202011167497 A CN 202011167497A CN 112213468 B CN112213468 B CN 112213468B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product quality safety, and discloses a technical effect evaluation method for safety utilization of polluted soil, which comprises the following steps: 1) Determining a polluted farmland safety utilization evaluation index according to the differences of main pollution heavy metal elements; 2) After carrying out the safe utilization technology of the polluted soil on the polluted cultivated land, collecting a soil sample, an agricultural product sample and an agricultural input sample in the crop harvesting period, and carrying out detection on each index; 3) And carrying out effect evaluation on the polluted soil safety utilization technology according to the detection result and the evaluation index, wherein the evaluation conclusion is classified into three grades of recommendation, recommendation after improvement and non-recommendation. The invention evaluates the effect of the safety utilization technology from four aspects of input products and technical measures in the implementation process of the safety utilization technology of the polluted soil, and the implemented agricultural products and soil quality, and can provide basis for taking measures for related departments of government.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product quality safety, in particular to a technical effect evaluation method for safety utilization of polluted soil.
Background
With the continuous importance of people on soil pollution control, the researches on the safe utilization, treatment and restoration of polluted cultivated lands are improved to an unprecedented height, and the researches on the soil safety utilization technology of various cultivated lands are also endlessly developed. The safe utilization technology of farmland, especially paddy field soil mainly uses soil heavy metal passivation and resistance control as main materials, and the passivation materials mainly comprise clay minerals, carbon materials, phosphorus-containing materials, silicon-calcium materials, organic materials and the like. The used resistance control agent is mainly various foliar spray fertilizers, including silicon, zinc, iron, multiple elements, various bactericides and the like.
The application of different soil characteristics, passivating agents and leaf surface resistance control agents has quite different effects on the safe utilization, treatment and restoration of soil. In the aspect of treatment and restoration effect evaluation, the evaluation index systems and the evaluation methods adopted in different areas are different, the suitability of the areas of various treatment and restoration measures cannot be compared, and meanwhile, most of treatment and restoration measures are evaluated by only considering the pollutant content in agricultural products and soil, and no specific evaluation is performed on the nutritional quality of the agricultural products, the productivity of the soil, the ecological environment, the sustainable development and the like. In various restoration measures in actual operation, especially the application of heavy metal passivation materials, certain influences can be generated on the physical and chemical properties, the production capacity and the restoration cycle of the soil. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation system which gives consideration to the pollutant content, the quality of agricultural products, the ecological capacity of soil and the like needs to be established so as to screen more suitable pollution farmland treatment and restoration measures and practically ensure the safety of the agricultural products.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for evaluating the effect of the safe utilization technology of the polluted soil, which evaluates the effect of the safe utilization technology from four aspects of input products and technical measures in the implementation process of the safe utilization technology of the polluted soil, and agricultural products and soil quality after implementation, breaks through the limitation that only the quality safety of the agricultural products is concerned in the past on evaluation indexes, ignores the limitation on the biological functions of the soil, focuses on the effectiveness of the soil pollutants, the soil fertility level and the physical and chemical properties, and creatively combines ecological indexes such as the soil enzyme activity, the microbial biomass and the like to comprehensively evaluate the effect of the safe utilization technology of various polluted soil. The evaluation method can provide basis for government related departments to take measures.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the technical effect evaluation method for the safety utilization of the polluted soil comprises the following steps:
1) And determining the safety utilization evaluation index of the polluted farmland according to the differences of main pollution heavy metal elements.
2) After the polluted farmland is subjected to the polluted soil safety utilization technology, a soil sample, an agricultural product sample and an agricultural input sample are collected in the crop harvesting period, and each index is detected.
The soil sample detection indexes comprise:
the agricultural product sample indexes comprise: the content and the yield of the main pollution heavy metal elements are;
the sample indexes of the agricultural input product comprise: heavy metal content.
3) And carrying out effect evaluation on the polluted soil safety utilization technology according to the detection result and the evaluation index, wherein the evaluation conclusion is classified into three grades of recommendation, recommendation after improvement and non-recommendation.
The invention carries out evaluation on the effect of the safety utilization technology from four aspects of agricultural input products and technical measures in the implementation process of the safety utilization technology of the polluted soil, agricultural products and soil quality after implementation, breaks through the prior limitation of only focusing on the quality safety of the agricultural products and neglecting on the biological functions of the soil on evaluation indexes, focuses on the effectiveness of soil pollutants, the soil fertility level and the physical and chemical properties, and creatively combines ecological indexes such as soil enzyme activity, microbial quantity and the like to comprehensively evaluate the effect of the safety utilization technology of various polluted soil.
The selection basis and the advantages of each evaluation index in the invention are as follows:
1) Pollutant index: the invention selects heavy metal indexes with larger toxicity in the monitoring of nearly five years in the aspect of pollutant indexes, and judges whether the content of the edible part pollutant reaches the national edible safety standard (GB 2762) or not for agricultural products from the aspect of a target terminal of pollution treatment.
The content of effective state heavy metals extracted from soil DTPA is a main index for representing crop absorption, various measures have passivation effect on different heavy metals in soil according to test results (figure 1), cr, pb and Ni have the best effect, hg is the second time, the reduction ratio of effective state Cd is the smallest, but 16.27% is on average, LM treatment with the best effect is carried out, and the effective state Cd in soil is reduced by 20.15%. Therefore, aiming at different regional pollution elements, the basic requirement is that the effective state elements of the soil are reduced by more than 15% in the regions mainly polluted by Cd or Hg; for areas with Cr and Ni as main pollution, the effective state elements are reduced by more than 40 percent; for areas with Pb as a main pollution index, the basic requirement of reducing the effective state elements by more than 25% is met by the safety utilization evaluation. Meanwhile, the effective state content of other pollutants is not increased except the main pollutants.
2) Physical and chemical properties of soil: the implementation of the technical measures for safe utilization is that the pH value of the soil is influenced most directly, so that the pH value of the soil is increased to reduce the effective state content of heavy metals. Soil aggregate is the most basic functional unit in soil composition, is a storage and converter of organic carbon, moisture and nutrients in soil, and is also a habitat of a soil microorganism flora. The formation of soil agglomerates is considered to be an important physical mechanism for the fixation and maintenance of stability of organic carbon in soil and is also an important index for the evaluation of whether or not the ecosystem is healthy. The soil clay particle (< 0.002 mm) structure is an important component in soil aggregate, and plays an important role in the exchange capacity of nutrient elements in soil and the water and fertilizer retaining capacity of soil. We have found in our experiments that the application of a passivating agent increases or decreases the cosmid content in the soil and also alters the cation exchange capacity of the soil (figure 2), i.e. the ability of the soil to retain water and fertilizer. Therefore, the soil pH, the cation exchange capacity and the soil clay content are determined as the evaluation indexes of the polluted farmland safety utilization technology.
3) Soil fertility level: various measures improve the pH value of the soil, change the structure of soil aggregate, and have direct or indirect influence on the physicochemical property and fertility level of the soil. By analyzing physical and chemical properties, the application of the passivating agent has a significant effect on the organic matter content and the available nutrient content of soil, particularly the available nitrogen and available phosphorus content, while the available potassium does not change significantly before and after the application of the passivating agent (figure 3). Therefore, soil organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen and available phosphorus can be used as evaluation indexes for the influence of safety utilization measures on soil fertility level.
4) Soil ecological index: the invention creatively selects the soil ecological index as the evaluation index of the soil virtuous circle and the soil self quality state while paying attention to the pollution level. Including both soil microorganism and enzyme activities. Soil microorganisms are a generic term for bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae living in the soil. They are oxidized, nitrified, ammoniated, nitrogen-fixing, sulfurized, etc. in soil to promote the decomposition of organic matters, the synthesis of humus and the conversion of nutrients in soil and promote the development and formation of soil. The microbial biomass carbon is an index for representing the total microbial amount of the soil, is a nutrient library easy to utilize in the soil and power for decomposing and mineralizing N of organic matters, is closely related to nutrient circulation in the soil such as C, N, P, S, and the change of the microbial biomass carbon can reflect the change of a soil cultivation system and soil fertility and the pollution degree of the soil. All complex biochemical processes carried out in the soil have the participation of soil enzymes, such as organic matter decomposition, humus synthesis, soil nutrient transformation, microbial decay and the like, and are directly related to the activity of the soil enzymes. The biochemical processes caused by microorganisms in the soil, i.e. the decomposition of organic residues, the synthesis of humus and the conversion of certain inorganic compounds, are all carried out by means of the enzymes they produce. Therefore, the soil enzyme system is an important component of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the soil, and the soil enzyme activity becomes an important content for identifying the soil fertility and evaluating the soil productivity. The activity of the enzyme in the soil can be used for judging the intensity of the biochemical process of the soil, identifying the type of the soil, evaluating the fertility level of the soil and identifying the effectiveness of agricultural technical measures. The soil sucrase plays an important role in increasing the soluble nutrient substances in the soil, and can be used as an index for evaluating the curing degree and the fertility level of the soil. In general, the higher the soil fertility, the stronger the sucrase activity. The urease enzymatic product ammonia is one of plant nitrogen sources, urea nitrogen fertilizer hydrolysis is closely related to urease, and the activity of the urease enzymatic product reflects the conversion capability of organic nitrogen in soil to effective nitrogen and the supply capability of inorganic nitrogen in soil. Soil phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric acid monoesters and phosphoric acid diesters in soil to hydrolyze organic phospholipids to inorganic phosphoric acid, which can be converted to inorganic phosphorus for plant absorption under the action of soil phosphatases.
In the pilot experiments, the microbial carbon number, urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase all differed significantly under different passivating agent treatments (fig. 4). Therefore, soil microorganisms carbon, urease, phosphatase (preferably acid phosphatase) and sucrase are used as evaluation indexes for the benign cycle development of soil ecological functions.
5) Evaluation index: in general, the currently used evaluation indexes comprise two aspects of a safety utilization effect evaluation index and a soil virtuous circle evaluation index.
From the target terminal of pollution control, whether the content of the edible part pollutant reaches the national edible safety standard (GB 2762) is judged. From soil pollutant analysis, the content of effective heavy metals in the extracted state of soil DTPA is a main index for reflecting crop absorption, and according to test results, the evaluation of the effective heavy metals is recommended to follow the principle: cd or Hg is reduced by more than 15%. Or Cr or Ni is reduced by more than 40%. Pb is reduced by more than 25%, and meanwhile, the effective state indexes of other pollution elements do not increase the dividing line standard of the crop treatment effect.
From the analysis of the ecological function change of the soil, the pH value, the cation exchange capacity, the cosmid content, the organic matters, the quick-acting nitrogen and the effective phosphorus are determined to be used as evaluation indexes in consideration of the physical and chemical properties, the fertility level, the ecological function and the comprehensive sustainable development target of the soil. The evaluation of the ecological functions of the soil takes soil microorganism carbon, urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase as evaluation indexes of benign cycle development of the soil.
In the prior art, some documents report that effect evaluation can be carried out from aspects of edible part safety of agricultural products, total amount and biological effectiveness of heavy metals in soil, crop yield, change condition of physical and chemical properties of soil, safety of input products and the like, but the physical and chemical properties of the soil are generally regulated, and the soil is required to be obviously improved and is not specified. Currently, only 2 agricultural industry standards relate to the evaluation of the safety utilization effect of polluted cultivated lands: NY/T3343-2018 evaluation criteria for pollution treatment effect of cultivated land and NY/T3499-2019 guide rules for treatment and repair of polluted cultivated land. The two standards mainly take agricultural products as evaluation indexes, and simultaneously, the premise is that the agricultural input products cannot exceed the GB15618-2018 screening value or the content of corresponding elements in the soil of the cultivated land in the treated area is specified. The two standards do not clearly define the soil quality, and the change condition of indexes such as soil pollutant content and the like is not related, and the NY/T3343 classifies the evaluation result into two grades up to standard and not up to standard only according to the pollutant content of agricultural products. With the clear target requirements of national and provincial series policies on the safety utilization rate of the polluted soil, the safety utilization test point work of the polluted cultivated land is widely developed in each region, but the safety utilization technology of the polluted soil lacks a uniform evaluation technology, so that the effects of various safety utilization technologies are uneven and cannot be uniformly evaluated. More importantly, in the field application of the safety utilization technology, the user pays attention to agricultural product conditions, does not pay attention to soil quality or is limited to the reduction of the content of effective heavy metals in soil, and the evaluation of the safety utilization technology with various types at present is not related to the influence of the ecological environment of the soil. From the aspect of sustainable development of soil, the ecological function of the soil is related to the overall evolution direction of soil quality, and the implementation of various safety utilization technologies can not cause the reduction of the ecological function of the soil, so that more adverse effects are brought. However, because of the complex variability of the pollutant types, soil quality conditions, climate conditions and crop planting modes in each place, difficulty is brought to the effect evaluation of the soil safety utilization technology, and especially the determination of the magnitude of the change range of the physicochemical biological properties of various pollutants and soil is needed to be considered, the feasibility of the soil safety utilization technology is considered, and the soil safety utilization technology is obtained through integration analysis on the basis of a large number of surveys. The invention focuses on the sustainable development of the ecological function of the soil, and simultaneously, the change amplitude of the pollutant and the physicochemical biological index is quantized and correlated with the effect evaluation, so that the effect evaluation method of the polluted soil safety utilization technology is improved.
Preferably, in step 1), different evaluation indexes corresponding to different main pollution heavy metal elements are as follows:
aiming at the object taking Cd or Hg as a main pollution heavy metal element, the soil effective state element is reduced by more than 15 percent;
aiming at the object with Cr or Ni as main pollution heavy metal elements, the effective state elements are reduced by more than 40 percent;
aiming at the object with Pb as the main pollution heavy metal element, the basic requirement of reducing more than 25% by effective state elements is met;
meanwhile, the effective state content of other four heavy metal elements is not increased except the main pollution heavy metal elements.
Preferably, in step 2), the detection site of the agricultural product sample is an edible part.
Preferably, in step 2), the phosphatase is an acid phosphatase.
In the pilot experiments, the microbial carbon number, urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase all differed significantly under different passivating agent treatments (fig. 4). The pH value of the soil is 5.3-7.8, the phosphatase activity in the soil is mainly acid phosphatase activity, the acid phosphatase activity in a test point test is 44U/g-83U/g, and the alkaline phosphatase activity is 0.04U/g-0.08U/g, so that the alkaline phosphatase has obvious change under different passivating agent treatments, but is not used as an effect evaluation screening reference index.
Preferably, in step 2), the heavy metal content in the agricultural input sample is cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium and nickel content.
Preferably, in step 3), the indexes corresponding to the different evaluation results are as follows:
preferably, in step 2): the contents of the cadmium, the chromium, the nickel and the lead in the effective state are detected by adopting an atomic absorption spectrophotometry or an ICP-MS; the content of the effective mercury is detected by adopting an atomic fluorescence method; the heavy metals in the effective state are obtained by adopting diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid leaching (refer to HJ 804-2016).
In view of the diversity of the existing soil effective state heavy metal extraction and release methods and the obvious difference of results among different methods, the method is adopted for uniformly stipulating the measurement of the effective state cadmium and lead by adopting the HJ804-2016, and indexes of the effective state chromium, nickel, mercury and the like which are not currently provided with standard detection methods are all executed by referring to the HJ804-2016 (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid DTPA extraction method), so that the instability of evaluation conclusion caused by different detection methods in the safety utilization technical effect evaluation at present is avoided.
Preferably, in step 2): cosmid content was measured by densitometry (LY/T1252); the cation exchange capacity was measured by the capacity method (LY/T1243); soil pH was detected using ion selective electrodes (NY/T1121.2).
Preferably, in step 2): the organic matter is detected by adopting a potassium dichromate digestion method (NY/T1121.6); alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was detected by a volumetric method (LY/Y1228); available phosphorus was detected spectrophotometrically (LY/T1232).
Preferably, in step 2): detecting the microbial biomass carbon by adopting a chloroform fumigation method; urease, phosphatase and sucrase are detected by enzymatic reaction (Lu like Kun Ji Zhi Yu, soil agrochemical analysis method).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention carries out evaluation on the effect of the safety utilization technology from four aspects of input products and technical measures in the implementation process of the safety utilization technology of the polluted soil, agricultural products and soil quality after implementation, breaks through the prior limitation of only paying attention to the quality safety of the agricultural products and neglecting the limitation on the biological functions of the soil on evaluation indexes, focuses on the effectiveness of soil pollutants, the soil fertility level, the physicochemical properties, and creatively combines ecological indexes such as soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass and the like, and comprehensively evaluates the effect of the safety utilization technology of various polluted soil. The evaluation method can provide basis for government related departments to take measures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of a contaminated soil safety utilization technique on the content of 5 available heavy metals in soil;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of contaminated soil safety utilization techniques on soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and cosmid content;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the contaminated soil safety utilization technique on soil organic matter and available nutrients;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the contaminated soil safety utilization technique on the carbon content and enzyme activity of soil microorganisms.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
General examples
The technical effect evaluation method for the safety utilization of the polluted soil comprises the following steps:
1) And determining the safety utilization evaluation index of the polluted farmland according to the differences of main pollution heavy metal elements. Different evaluation indexes corresponding to different main pollution heavy metal elements are as follows:
aiming at the object taking Cd or Hg as a main pollution heavy metal element, the soil effective state element is reduced by more than 15 percent;
aiming at the object with Cr or Ni as main pollution heavy metal elements, the effective state elements are reduced by more than 40 percent;
aiming at the object with Pb as the main pollution heavy metal element, the basic requirement of reducing more than 25% by effective state elements is met;
meanwhile, the effective state content of other four heavy metal elements is not increased except the main pollution heavy metal elements.
2) After the polluted farmland is subjected to the polluted soil safety utilization technology, a soil sample, an agricultural product sample and an agricultural input sample are collected in the crop harvesting period, and each index is detected.
The soil sample detection indexes comprise:
agricultural product sample (edible portion) indices include: the content and the yield of the main pollution heavy metal elements are; the detection method is specified with reference to GB 2762.
The sample indexes of the agricultural input product comprise: the detection method is implemented according to relevant product standard regulations.
3) And evaluating the effect of the polluted soil safety utilization technology according to the detection result and the evaluation index, wherein the evaluation conclusion is classified into three grades of recommendation, recommendation after improvement and non-recommendation.
The indexes corresponding to the different evaluation conclusions are as follows:
example 1
1) The main pollution indexes of the polluted land are analyzed by referring to the historical agricultural product quality investigation data through on-site sampling investigation, and the on-site sampling verification detection results are shown in the table 1-1. According to the regulation of soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) of agricultural land with soil environment quality (GB 15618-2018), the plot Cd exceeds a limit value of 0.2mg/kg (pH less than or equal to 5.5) or 0.4mg/kg (pH less than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 6.5); hg exceeds a limiting value of 0.5mg/kg. Data investigation shows that rice products produced by the land in the past year have Cd exceeding conditions and Hg exceeding conditions are less. Therefore, according to the conditions of soil and agricultural products, the main pollution indexes of the land are Cd and Hg, and the main pollution indexes of the land are Cr, ni, pb and other elements with larger toxicity in the monitoring indexes.
TABLE 1-1 contaminated site sampling survey results (mg/kg)
| Numbering/item | pH | Hg | Cd | Cr | Pb | Ni |
| Z-TR01 | 4.77 | 0.112 | 0.300 | 31.90 | 25.90 | 15.70 |
| Z-TR02 | 5.16 | 0.106 | 0.362 | 43.70 | 28.05 | 23.35 |
| Z-TR03 | 5.69 | 0.120 | 0.413 | 41.80 | 28.20 | 23.80 |
| Z-TR04 | 5.34 | 0.127 | 0.362 | 45.60 | 27.80 | 23.90 |
2) The land parcels are subjected to 5 safety utilization technical measures, namely Z1-Z5 respectively, the safety utilization technology is implemented in the rice planting season, agricultural input samples are collected in the implementation stage, soil and rice samples are collected according to relevant regulations in the rice harvesting stage, and soil pollution indexes, physicochemical properties, fertility levels and ecological indexes are analyzed according to the table 1. The rice pollution index detection method is regulated and executed by referring to GB2762, and the agricultural input pollution index detection method is regulated and executed by referring to related product standards.
Table 1 soil monitoring items and analysis method
3) The safety utilization technical evaluation was carried out as specified in table 2:
TABLE 2 evaluation results of contaminated farmland safety utilization technique
Common requirements
The detection values of 5 heavy metals including cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium and nickel in the agricultural input products of the safety utilization measures Z1-Z5 are shown in tables 1-2, and the fertilizer in the input products respectively accords with the regulations of calcium magnesia phosphate fertilizer (GB/T20412-2006) and compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) (GB 15063-2009) (the two standards do not limit the pollutant indexes). At the same time, the pollutant content of the fertilizer and the passivating agent is lower than the risk screening value specified in GB15618-2018 and also lower than the content of corresponding elements in polluted farmland (tables 1-1 and 1-2). The five measures of Z1 to Z5 are considered to meet the common requirement, and secondary pollution is not caused to cultivated land or underground water.
TABLE 1-2 agricultural input detection results (unit mg/kg)
Agricultural product requirements:
as can be seen from tables 1-3, the safety measures Z1-Z5 all have less than 10% reduction in yield, consistent with the "recommended" scale, where Z2-Z4 yields are increased. The Cd content of the brown rice meets the requirements (less than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg) of the limit of pollutants in food safety national standard food (GB 2762-2017), and Z1-Z5 meet the requirements of recommended grades.
Tables 1-3 Rice yield and cadmium (Cd) content of brown rice
| Treatment of | Yield of kg/mu | Yield is reduced% | Brown rice Cd, mg/kg |
| CK | 525.00 | / | 0.200 |
| Z1 | 500.00 | 4.76 | 0.0636 |
| Z2 | 556.17 | (5.94) | 0.0146 |
| Z3 | 561.67 | (6.98) | 0.0249 |
| Z4 | 586.67 | (11.75) | 0.0126 |
| Z5 | 516.67 | 1.59 | 0.0180 |
Soil claim 1 (pollutant index):
tables 1-4 list the reduction conditions of the effective state content of each pollutant index of the soil, and the reduction amplitude of the effective state Cd of the main pollution index of the Z2-Z5 technology is more than 15 percent, so that the recommended technical requirements are met; wherein, the effective Hg reduction amplitude of the two technologies Z4 and Z5 is more than 15 percent, which meets the recommended grade requirement. However, the reduction amplitude of Hg of the main pollutant indexes of the two technologies Z2 and Z3 does not meet the recommended requirement, and the reduction amplitude of Cd in the effective state of Z1 does not meet the recommended requirement. The changes of the non-main pollutant indexes, namely the effective state Cr, the effective state Ni and the effective state Pb, all meet the recommended level requirement, namely the effective state content is not increased. Therefore, from the condition of reducing the main pollutants of the soil, the reduction amplitude of the main pollutants Z1, Z2 and Z3 does not meet the requirement, and are classified as non-recommended grades, and no subsequent evaluation is performed; z4 and Z5 are that the reduction amplitude of the pollutant index meets the recommended grade requirement, and the physical and chemical properties, the fertility level and the ecological index are continuously evaluated.
Tables 1 to 4 soil pollution index reduction
Soil requirement 2 (physicochemical properties, fertility level and ecological index):
TABLE 1-5 physical and chemical Properties of soil, fertility level and ecological index Change Condition
Tables 1-5 list the changes of physical and chemical properties, fertility level and ecological index, and it can be seen that the reduction amplitude of the physical and chemical properties is less than 10%, and the pH value is increased, so as to meet the recommended grade standard; in the fertility level, the Z4 and Z5 treatment organic matters and available phosphorus are increased, the reduction amplitude of the Z4 treatment quick-acting nitrogen is between 10 and 20 percent, the improved recommended grade is met, and the reduction amplitude of the Z5 treatment quick-acting nitrogen is less than 10 percent, and the recommended grade standard is met; the reduction amplitude of the ecological index is less than 10%, and meets the recommended grade standard.
4) Evaluation conclusion: comprehensively considering the aspects of pollutant indexes, agricultural product requirements, soil requirements, agricultural input product requirements and the like, analyzing the changes of the soil pollutant indexes, physicochemical properties, fertility levels and ecological indexes of the yield and the pollutant content of the agricultural products after each measure is applied, and judging the Z5 technology to be the recommended grade; z4 technology is 'recommended after improvement' grade, and the application needs to be matched with fertilizer for application; the Z1, Z2 and Z3 techniques are "not recommended" grades.
Example 2
1) The main pollution indexes of the polluted land are analyzed by referring to the historical agricultural product quality investigation data through on-site sampling investigation, and the on-site sampling verification detection results are shown in a table 2-1. According to the regulation of soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) of agricultural land with soil environment quality (GB 15618-2018), the Cd of the land exceeds a limit value of 0.2mg/kg (pH less than or equal to 5.5). Data investigation shows that rice products produced by the land in the past year have Cd exceeding standard. Therefore, according to the investigation conditions of soil and agricultural products, the main pollution index of the land is determined to be Cd, and then the elements such as Hg, cr, ni, pb and the like with larger toxicity in the monitoring index are determined.
TABLE 2-1 contaminated site sampling survey results (mg/kg)
2) The land parcels adopt 5 safety utilization technical measures, which are respectively marked as F1-F5, the safety utilization technology is implemented in the rice planting season, agricultural input samples are collected in the technical implementation stage, soil and rice samples are collected according to relevant regulations in the rice harvesting stage, and soil pollution indexes, physicochemical properties, fertility levels and ecological indexes are analyzed according to the table 1. The rice pollution index detection method is regulated and executed by referring to GB2762, and the agricultural input pollution index detection method is regulated and executed by referring to related product standards.
3) The safety utilization technique evaluation was carried out as specified in table 2, as follows:
common requirements
The detection values of 5 heavy metals including cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium and nickel in the agricultural input products of the safety utilization measures Z1-Z5 are shown in the table 2-2, and the fertilizer in the input products respectively accords with the regulations of calcium magnesia phosphate fertilizer (GB/T20412-2006) (GB/T20412 does not regulate the limit of pollutants) and organic fertilizer (NY 525-2012). At the same time, the fertilizer and passivating agent contaminant levels were both below the risk screening values specified in GB15618-2018 and below the corresponding element levels in the contaminated farmland (tables 2-1 and 2-2). The five measures of Z1 to Z5 are considered to meet the common requirement, and secondary pollution is not caused to cultivated land or underground water.
TABLE 2-2 agricultural input detection results (unit mg/kg)
| Sample of | Cd | Cr | Pb | Hg | Ni |
| Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer | 0.10 | 16.5 | 4.78 | 0.00262 | 9.03 |
| Organic fertilizer | 0.16 | 14.8 | 1.67 | 0.00586 | 4.47 |
| Passivating agent 1 | 0.12 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 0.00384 | 10.9 |
| Passivating agent 2 | 0.24 | 9.57 | 7.31 | 0.00875 | 7.85 |
| Passivating agent 3 | 0.15 | 9.36 | 8.62 | 0.00684 | 16.1 |
| NY525 | ≤3 | ≤150 | ≤50 | ≤2 | / |
| GB15618 | ≤0.3 | ≤150 | ≤70 | ≤0.5 | / |
Agricultural product requirements:
as can be seen from tables 2-3, the yield of the safety measures F1-F5 is increased to a different extent, i.e. the reduction is less than 10%, which corresponds to the "recommended" rating. The Cd content of the brown rice treated by the measures F1-F5 meets the requirements (less than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg) of the limit of pollutants in food safety national standard food (GB 2762-2017), and the measures F1-F5 meet the requirements of recommended grade from the aspect of agricultural product requirements.
Table 2-3 Rice products and brown rice cadmium (Cd) content
| Treatment of | Yield of kg/mu | Yield is reduced% | Brown rice Cd, mg/kg |
| CK | 547 | / | 0.578 |
| F1 | 580 | -6.03 | 0.0635 |
| F2 | 584 | -6.76 | 0.0813 |
| F3 | 579 | -5.85 | 0.0400 |
| F4 | 562 | -2.74 | 0.0985 |
| F5 | 625 | -14.26 | 0.109 |
Soil claim 1 (pollutant index):
tables 2-4 list the reduction conditions of the effective state contents of the main and the secondary pollutant indexes of the soil, wherein the reduction amplitude of the effective state Cd of the main pollutant indexes of F2-F5 measures is more than 15%, the effective state content of the secondary pollutant indexes is not increased, the recommended technical requirements are met, and the evaluation of the physicochemical properties, the fertility level and the ecological indexes of the soil is continuously carried out; the reduction amplitude of the effective state Cd of the main pollutant index of the soil is smaller than 15% by the F1 measure, meets the 'non-recommended' equivalent requirement, and does not carry out subsequent evaluation.
TABLE 2-4 soil pollution index reduction
Soil requirement 2 (physicochemical properties, fertility level and ecological index):
TABLE 2-5 physical and chemical Properties of soil, fertility level and ecological index Change Condition
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Tables 2-5 list the changes of physicochemical properties, fertility levels and ecological indexes, and the pH values of the soil are increased by F2-F5 measures, so that the recommended grade requirement is met. F2 measures reduce the content of cosmids in physicochemical properties by 14.93%, belonging to the class of 'recommended after improvement'; the reduction amplitude of the quick-acting nitrogen and the effective phosphorus in the fertility level is between 10 percent and 20 percent, and the improvement recommendation level is also met; the reduction amplitude of other indexes is less than 10%, and meets the recommended grade; according to the worst grade principle, comprehensively evaluating F2 measures as 'recommended grade after improvement', and implementing the steps while paying attention to the application of fertilizer. F3, the quick-acting nitrogen and effective phosphorus index reduction amplitude in the fertility level of the measure is more than 20%, and the grade is directly judged as an 'un-recommended' grade; f4, the reduction amplitude of each index of the measure is less than 10%, and the recommended grade is met; f5 measures have the reduction amplitude of organic matters and quick-acting nitrogen indexes between 10% and 20%, and accord with the grade of 'recommended after improvement'.
4) Evaluation conclusion: comprehensively considering various aspects of pollutant indexes, agricultural product requirements, soil requirements and agricultural input product requirements, analyzing the change conditions of the soil pollutant indexes, physicochemical properties, fertility levels and ecological indexes of the agricultural product yield and the pollutant content after each measure is applied, and judging the F4 technology to be the recommended grade; f2 and F5 techniques are "recommended after improvement" grades, applied with the simultaneous application of fertilizer; f1 and F3 techniques are "not recommended" grades.
The raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field unless specified otherwise; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent transformation of the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The technical effect evaluation method for the safety utilization of the polluted soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Determining a polluted farmland safety utilization evaluation index according to the differences of main pollution heavy metal elements; different evaluation indexes corresponding to different main pollution heavy metal elements are as follows:
aiming at the object taking Cd or Hg as a main pollution heavy metal element, the soil effective state element is reduced by more than 15 percent;
aiming at the object with Cr or Ni as main pollution heavy metal elements, the effective state elements are reduced by more than 40 percent;
aiming at the object with Pb as the main pollution heavy metal element, the basic requirement of reducing more than 25% by effective state elements is met;
meanwhile, the effective state content of other four heavy metal elements is not increased except the main pollution heavy metal elements;
2) After carrying out the safe utilization technology of the polluted soil on the polluted cultivated land, collecting a soil sample, an agricultural product sample and an agricultural input sample in the crop harvesting period, and carrying out detection on each index;
the detection indexes of the soil sample are as follows:
the index of the agricultural product sample is as follows: the content and the yield of the main pollution heavy metal elements are;
the sample indexes of the agricultural input product are as follows: cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, nickel content;
3) According to the detection result and the evaluation index, carrying out effect evaluation on the polluted soil safety utilization technology, wherein the evaluation conclusion is classified into three grades of recommendation, recommendation after improvement and non-recommendation; the indexes corresponding to the different evaluation conclusions are as follows:
2. the method of claim 1, wherein in step 2) the test site of the agricultural product sample is an edible portion.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2):
the contents of the cadmium, the chromium, the nickel and the lead in the effective state are detected by adopting an atomic absorption spectrophotometry or an ICP-MS;
the content of the effective mercury is detected by adopting an atomic fluorescence method;
the heavy metals in the effective state are obtained by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid leaching.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2): the cosmid content was measured by densitometry.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2): the cation exchange capacity and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen are detected by a capacity method.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2): soil pH was detected using ion selective electrodes.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step 2): the organic matter is detected by adopting a potassium dichromate digestion method.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step 2): the available phosphorus is detected by spectrophotometry.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2): the microbial biomass carbon is detected by a chloroform fumigation method.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2): urease, phosphatase, sucrase were detected by enzymatic reaction.
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