CN112212536B - Gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator split-flow type cold end heat exchanger and design method - Google Patents
Gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator split-flow type cold end heat exchanger and design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112212536B CN112212536B CN202010966361.7A CN202010966361A CN112212536B CN 112212536 B CN112212536 B CN 112212536B CN 202010966361 A CN202010966361 A CN 202010966361A CN 112212536 B CN112212536 B CN 112212536B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1412—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by heat exchanger details
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of a split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of a gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator. Laminar flow elements are tightly filled in a cylindrical gap between the upper layer heat exchanger shell and the lower layer heat exchanger shell, and the upper layer heat exchanger shell and the lower layer heat exchanger shell are connected through welding, so that the first-stage regenerator, the first-stage pulse tube and the second-stage regenerator are connected. The invention keeps the advantage of high-efficiency heat exchange of the traditional heat exchanger, realizes natural shunting of gas working media, inhibits turbulent disturbance of gas in a heat exchange channel and ensures the uniformity of gas flow. The invention can obviously improve the overall performance of the refrigerator and has very positive significance for realizing the compactification and the practicability of the pulse tube refrigerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of refrigeration and low-temperature engineering, relates to a pulse tube refrigerator, and particularly relates to a gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator split-flow heat exchanger and a design method thereof.
Background
The pulse tube refrigerator is a great innovation of a regenerative low-temperature refrigerator, cancels moving parts of a conventional regenerative refrigerator in a low-temperature region, has the outstanding advantages of high reliability, small mechanical vibration, long service life, high refrigeration efficiency, low electromagnetic noise and the like, is known as a new generation of long-service-life regenerative low-temperature refrigerator, and is widely applied to the aspects of aerospace, low-temperature electronics, superconducting industry, low-temperature medical industry and the like.
Pulse tube refrigerators often employ a multi-stage arrangement to achieve lower refrigeration temperatures or to facilitate cooling in multiple temperature zones. According to the interstage coupling form of the cold finger of the multi-stage pulse tube, the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator can be divided into a heat coupling type (shown in figure 1) and an air coupling type (shown in figure 2). The thermally coupled structure is simple in design, each stage is independent, the advantages of small interstage influence, easy control of internal flow and the like are achieved, but generally a plurality of compressors are needed for driving, the number of the needed compressors is increased along with the number of stages, and large irreversible loss exists in heat exchange between the stages through heat bridges and the like, so that the size is large, and the efficiency is relatively low. The gas coupling type arrangement mode avoids thermal connection of a heat bridge and the like, so that the structure is compact, the refrigeration efficiency is relatively high, great advantages and attractive force are achieved in practical application, but due to the fact that gas shunting exists at the low temperature end, interstage influence is obvious, the flow distribution condition of the working medium inside is difficult to control, and the design difficulty is high.
The gas-distributing type cold end heat exchanger is a key part in the design of a gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator, is a passage of a primary cold finger gas working medium and a secondary cold finger gas working medium, and is also a place for heat exchange between a primary cold end and a secondary cold storage device hot end, and under the ideal condition, the heat exchanger needs to realize the following four functions:
1) and (4) distributing the gas quantity. The phenomenon of mixed flow of the first-stage airflow and the second-stage airflow easily occurs in the air-coupled two-stage pulse tube refrigerator, so that the stability and the working efficiency of the air-coupled two-stage pulse tube refrigerator are greatly reduced. This just needs to avoid the gas volume to distribute the inequality and leads to producing the backward flow from the gaseous of first order regenerator when flowing into one-level pulse pipe and second grade regenerator respectively, avoids producing inhomogeneous the mixing from the gaseous of one-level pulse pipe and second grade regenerator outflow simultaneously.
2) High-efficiency heat exchange. The performance of the heat exchanger directly influences the cold quantity obtained by the hot end of the secondary cold accumulator, thereby influencing the refrigerating capacity of the secondary pulse tube, and realizing the efficient heat exchange. This requires geometries that can achieve large heat exchange areas in a limited volume.
3) The flow is controlled. The turbulent disturbance of the gas in the heat exchange channel is inhibited to the maximum extent, the uniformity of the outlet flow velocity is ensured, and the gas working medium flowing into the pulse tube forms a uniformly distributed laminar flow state so as to maintain the gas piston in the pulse tube. Meanwhile, when the gas working medium reversely flows into the regenerator, the uneven heat exchange of the regenerator caused by uneven flow velocity is avoided, so that the working efficiency of the regenerator is improved.
4) Reducing flow losses. The regenerator and the pulse tube of the pulse tube refrigerator often have different section diameters, and a large pressure loss cannot be generated at the variable section, so that the effective transition of the variable section needs to be realized. For the coaxial and U-shaped cold fingers, pressure loss caused by 180-degree reversal of the flow direction of the gas working medium exists, and a coherent and compact flow channel structure is needed to reduce the empty volume and the flow loss.
However, the cold end heat exchanger of the conventional gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator still does not meet the requirements, and the related technology still has great vacancy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the existing research and technology, the invention provides a split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of a gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator and a design method.
The invention aims to design a split-flow slit heat exchanger at the cold end of a gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator. Firstly, the heat exchange area is increased to the maximum extent in a limited volume; secondly, natural shunting of gas working media is realized, mixed flow of gas in the first-stage regenerator is prevented when the gas is shunted to the first-stage pulse tube and the second-stage regenerator, and uniformity of gas distribution is guaranteed; thirdly, natural transition from the regenerator with larger diameter to the pulse tube with smaller diameter and the second-stage regenerator is realized in the heat exchanger, so that dead volume of harmful heat transfer is avoided, and the heat transfer performance is maximized; fourthly, the pressure loss when the flowing direction of the gas working medium is changed can be effectively reduced through natural transition of the variable-section conical slit; fifthly, turbulent disturbance of the gas in the heat exchange channel is inhibited to the maximum extent, uniformity of outlet flow velocity is guaranteed, and the gas working medium flowing into the pulse tube forms a uniformly distributed laminar flow state.
The split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator consists of an upper layer heat exchanger shell 3, a lower layer heat exchanger shell 5, a rectangular slit body 10, a through hole 11, a laminar flow element 6, a conical slit body 10 and a T-shaped through hole 14, and is characterized in that the laminar flow element 6 is tightly filled in a cylindrical gap 12 between the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3 and the lower layer heat exchanger shell 5, so that the two are used as a main heat exchange surface of the split-flow type cold end heat exchanger and a front-rear stage gas coupling interface of a cold finger, the internal rectangular slit body 10, the conical slit body 13, the through hole 11 and the T-shaped through hole 14 are protected, and the first-stage regenerator 8, the first-stage pulse tube 9 and the second-stage regenerator 1 are connected; a rectangular slit body 10 is uniformly cut in the center of the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3, the diameter of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the rectangular slit body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage regenerator 1, the upper end surface of the rectangular slit body is flush with the lower end surface of the second-stage regenerator 1, and the lower end surface of the rectangular slit body is flush with the laminar flow element 6; uniformly cutting rectangular slits around the central lines of the upper and lower end surfaces of the rectangular slit body 10, wherein the width of the slits is controlled to be 0.1-0.15 mm, the number of the slits is controlled to be 36-64, and the specific situation depends on the situation of the second-stage regenerator 1 and the resistance thereof; a through hole 11 with the diameter of about 3mm is arranged at the central line of the rectangular slit body 10, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the rectangular slit body 10; a cylindrical gap 12 with the thickness of 1mm is cut from the lower end surface of the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3 around the central line of the upper end surface and the lower end surface, wherein the laminar flow element 6 is tightly filled, and the diameter of the cylindrical gap 12 is slightly larger than that of the upper end surface of the conical slit body 10; uniformly cutting a conical slit body 13 in the center of the lower-layer heat exchanger shell 5, wherein the diameter of the lower end face of the conical slit body 13 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator 8, and the diameter of the upper end face is slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical gap 12; the lower end surface of the conical slit body 13 is flush with the upper end surface of the first-stage regenerator 8, and the upper end surface of the conical slit body is flush with the lower surface of a root boss of the upper-layer heat exchanger shell 3 and the lower end surface of the laminar flow element 6; uniformly cutting conical slits around the central lines of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical slit body 13, wherein the width of each slit is controlled to be 0.1-0.25 mm, the number of the slits is controlled to be 24-48, and the specific conditions are determined according to the processing precision, the first-stage pulse tube 9 and the resistance condition behind the first-stage pulse tube; a T-shaped through hole 14 consisting of a thin through hole part 15 and a thick through hole part 16 is arranged at the central line of the conical slit body 13, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the T-shaped through hole 14 are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the lower heat exchanger shell 5, the thick through hole part 16 occupies 1/3 of the total length, the thin through hole part 15 occupies 2/3 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the thick through hole part 16 to the thin through hole part 15 is about 2.5:1, and the diameter of the thick through hole part 16 is equal to the outer diameter of the first-stage pulse tube 9, so that the split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator is formed together.
A tapered slit body 13 is cut out in the lower layer heat exchanger shell 5 by using a slow-moving wire cutting technology, and the taper is controlled in such a way that the diameter of the large end face of the tapered slit body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator 1, and the diameter of the small end face of the tapered slit body is slightly smaller than the diameter of the laminar flow element 6; a hollow T-shaped through hole 14 is arranged at the center of the conical slit body 13, a rectangular slit body 10 is cut in the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3 by using a slow-walking wire cutting technology, and slits of the rectangular slit body 10 and the conical slit body 13 are uniformly cut around the central line of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the slit body in 360 degrees along the circumference; the first-stage pulse tube 9 is inserted into the through hole thick part 16 for 2-4 mm, and a compact laminar flow element 6 is filled in the gap part of the first-stage pulse tube and the thick part; the first-stage regenerator 8 is inserted into the lower-layer heat exchanger shell 5 by about 1mm, and is welded along the circumference by using a clean brazing technology at a joint part 7 of the lower end surface of the lower-layer heat exchanger shell 5 and the outer pipe wall of the first-stage regenerator 8; the second-stage regenerator 1 is inserted into the upper heat exchanger shell 3 by about 0.5-1.5 mm, and the upper end surface of the upper heat exchanger shell 3 and the joint part 2 of the outer tube wall of the second-stage regenerator 1 are welded along the circumference by using a clean brazing technology; the upper end surface of the lower layer heat exchanger shell 5 is closely attached to the root part of the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3, and the joint part 4 is welded along the outer circumference by using a clean brazing technology; the connection among the first-stage regenerator 8, the first-stage pulse tube 9, the lower-layer heat exchanger shell 5, the upper-layer heat exchanger shell 3 and the second-stage regenerator 1 is realized, so that the split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator is formed.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the heat exchanger is divided into two parts which are connected by welding, and a compact laminar flow element is filled between the two parts, so that natural shunting of gas working media is realized, mixed flow and backflow in the heat exchanger are prevented, and the uniformity of gas distribution is ensured;
2) the heat exchange mode of combining the conical slits and the rectangular slits arranged among unequal diameters realizes the maximization of the heat exchange area under the limited volume, thereby ensuring the efficient heat exchange between the gas working medium and the cold-end heat exchanger;
3) the compact and coherent structural design realizes the natural transition from the first-stage regenerator with larger diameter to the pulse tube with smaller diameter and the second-stage regenerator, avoids the dead volume of harmful heat transfer, effectively reduces the thermal resistance loss and effectively reduces the pressure loss when the flowing direction of the gas working medium is changed;
4) through the forced rectification of the heat exchanger and the laminar flow element, the turbulent flow disturbance of the gas in the heat exchange channel is inhibited to the maximum extent, the uniformity of the outlet flow velocity is ensured, and the gas working medium flowing into the pulse tube forms a uniformly distributed laminar flow state.
The split-flow type cold end heat exchanger designed by utilizing the advantages is applied to the gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator, can obviously improve the overall performance of the refrigerator, and has very positive significance in the aspects of realizing the compactness, the practicability and the like of the pulse tube refrigerator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermally coupled multi-stage pulse tube;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas-coupled multi-stage pulse tube structure;
fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a multi-stage pulse tube employing the split-flow cold end heat exchanger of the gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an overall schematic diagram of the split-flow cold end heat exchanger of the inventive gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerator, wherein fig. 1 is a top view, fig. 2 is a bottom view, and fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the T-shaped through hole 14, in which fig. 1 is a plan view and fig. 2 is a sectional view.
Wherein: 1 is a second-stage regenerator; 2 is a welding point a; 3 is an upper heat exchanger shell; 4 is a welding point b; 5 is a lower layer heat exchanger shell; 6 is a laminar flow element; 7 is a welding point c; 8 is a first stage regenerator; 9 is a first-stage pulse tube; 10 is a rectangular slit body; 11 is a through hole; 12 is a cylindrical gap; 13 is a conical slit body; 14 is a T-shaped through hole; 15 is a through hole detail; 16 is a through hole thick part; 17 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube first-stage regenerator; 18 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube first-stage thermal bridge; 19 a first stage cold end heat exchanger of a thermally coupled pulse tube; 20 is a first-stage pulse tube of a thermally coupled pulse tube; 21 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube first-stage phase modulation mechanism; 22 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube second-stage phase modulation mechanism; 23 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube second stage pulse tube; 24 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube third-stage phase modulation mechanism; 25 is a third-stage pulse tube of a thermally coupled pulse tube; 26 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube third-stage cold end heat exchanger; 27 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube second-stage cold end heat exchanger; 28 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube second stage thermal bridge; 29 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube third-stage regenerator; 30 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube second stage regenerator; 31 is a first-stage phase modulation mechanism of an air coupling type pulse tube; 32 is a second-stage pulse tube of an air coupling type pulse tube; 33 is a gas coupling type pulse tube second-stage thermal bridge; 34 is a third-stage regenerator of a gas coupling type pulse tube; 35 is a third-stage thermal bridge of the gas coupling type pulse tube; 36 is a third-stage pulse tube of a gas coupling type pulse tube; 37 is a third-stage phase modulation mechanism of an air coupling type pulse tube; 38 is a gas coupling type pulse tube first-stage thermal bridge; 39 is a first-stage pulse tube of a gas coupling type pulse tube; 40 is a first-stage phase modulation mechanism of an air coupling type pulse tube; 41 is a rectangular slit; 42 are tapered slits.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a multi-stage pulse tube employing the split-flow cold end heat exchanger of the gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention; fig. 4 is an overall schematic diagram of the split-flow cold end heat exchanger of the gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention, wherein (1) is a top view, (2) is a bottom view, and (3) is a cross-sectional view; fig. 5 is a schematic view of the T-shaped through hole 14, in which (1) is a plan view and (2) is a sectional view.
The split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator consists of an upper layer heat exchanger shell 3, a lower layer heat exchanger shell 5, a rectangular slit body 10, a through hole 11, a laminar flow element 6, a conical slit body 10 and a T-shaped through hole 14, and is characterized in that the laminar flow element 6 is tightly filled in a cylindrical gap 12 between the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3 and the lower layer heat exchanger shell 5, so that the two are used as a main heat exchange surface of the split-flow type cold end heat exchanger and a front-rear stage gas coupling interface of a cold finger, the internal rectangular slit body 10, the conical slit body 13, the through hole 11 and the T-shaped through hole 14 are protected, and the first-stage regenerator 8, the first-stage pulse tube 9 and the second-stage regenerator 1 are connected; a rectangular slit body 10 is uniformly cut in the center of the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3, the diameter of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the rectangular slit body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage regenerator 1, the upper end surface of the rectangular slit body is flush with the lower end surface of the second-stage regenerator 1, and the lower end surface of the rectangular slit body is flush with the laminar flow element 6; uniformly cutting rectangular slits around the central lines of the upper and lower end surfaces of the rectangular slit body 10, wherein the width of the slits is controlled to be 0.1mm, and the number of the slits is controlled to be 50, specifically according to the resistance conditions of the second-stage regenerator 1 and the rear part thereof; a through hole 11 with the diameter of about 3mm is arranged at the central line of the rectangular slit body 10, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the rectangular slit body 10; a cylindrical gap 12 with the thickness of 1mm is cut from the lower end surface of the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3 around the central line of the upper end surface and the lower end surface, wherein the laminar flow element 6 is tightly filled, and the diameter of the cylindrical gap 12 is slightly larger than that of the upper end surface of the conical slit body 10; uniformly cutting a conical slit body 13 in the center of the lower-layer heat exchanger shell 5, wherein the diameter of the lower end face of the conical slit body 13 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator 8, and the diameter of the upper end face is slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical gap 12; the lower end surface of the conical slit body 13 is flush with the upper end surface of the first-stage regenerator 8, and the upper end surface of the conical slit body is flush with the lower surface of a root boss of the upper-layer heat exchanger shell 3 and the lower end surface of the laminar flow element 6; uniformly cutting conical slits around the central lines of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical slit body 13, wherein the width of the slits is controlled to be 0.2mm, and the number of the slits is controlled to be 40, wherein the specific conditions are determined according to the processing precision, the first-stage pulse tube 9 and the resistance condition behind the first-stage pulse tube; a T-shaped through hole 14 consisting of a thin through hole part 15 and a thick through hole part 16 is arranged at the central line of the conical slit body 13, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the T-shaped through hole 14 are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the lower heat exchanger shell 5, the thick through hole part 16 occupies 1/3 of the total length, the thin through hole part 15 occupies 2/3 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the thick through hole part 16 to the thin through hole part 15 is about 2.5:1, and the diameter of the thick through hole part 16 is equal to the outer diameter of the first-stage pulse tube 9, so that the split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator is formed together.
A tapered slit body 13 is cut out in the lower layer heat exchanger shell 5 by using a slow-moving wire cutting technology, and the taper is controlled in such a way that the diameter of the large end face of the tapered slit body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator 1, and the diameter of the small end face of the tapered slit body is slightly smaller than the diameter of the laminar flow element 6; a hollow T-shaped through hole 14 is arranged at the center of the conical slit body 13, a rectangular slit body 10 is cut in the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3 by using a slow-walking wire cutting technology, and slits of the rectangular slit body 10 and the conical slit body 13 are uniformly cut around the central line of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the slit body in 360 degrees along the circumference; the first-stage pulse tube 9 is inserted into the through hole thick part 16 by 3mm, and the gap part of the first-stage pulse tube and the thick part is filled with the compact laminar flow element 6; the first-stage regenerator 8 is inserted into the lower-layer heat exchanger shell 5 by about 1mm, and is welded along the circumference by using a clean brazing technology at a joint part 7 of the lower end surface of the lower-layer heat exchanger shell 5 and the outer pipe wall of the first-stage regenerator 8; the second stage regenerator 1 is inserted into the upper heat exchanger shell 3 for about 1.0mm, and the joint 2 between the upper end surface of the upper heat exchanger shell 3 and the outer tube wall of the second stage regenerator 1 is welded along the circumference by using a clean brazing technology; the upper end surface of the lower layer heat exchanger shell 5 is closely attached to the root part of the upper layer heat exchanger shell 3, and the joint part 4 is welded along the outer circumference by using a clean brazing technology; the connection among the first-stage regenerator 8, the first-stage pulse tube 9, the lower-layer heat exchanger shell 5, the upper-layer heat exchanger shell 3 and the second-stage regenerator 1 is realized, so that the split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator is formed.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a gas coupling type pulse tube refrigerator shunting cold end heat exchanger, includes upper heat exchanger shell (3), lower floor heat exchanger shell (5), the rectangle slit body (10), perforating hole (11), laminar flow component (6), the toper slit body (10), T type perforating hole (14), its characterized in that:
a laminar flow element (6) is tightly filled in a cylindrical gap (12) between an upper layer heat exchanger shell (3) and a lower layer heat exchanger shell (5), so that the upper layer heat exchanger shell and the lower layer heat exchanger shell are used as a main heat exchange surface of a split-flow type cold-end heat exchanger and a front-stage and rear-stage gas coupling interface of a cold finger, a rectangular slit body (10), a conical slit body (13), a through hole (11) and a T-shaped through hole (14) inside are protected, and the connection of a first-stage regenerator (8), a first-stage pulse tube (9) and a second-stage regenerator (1) is realized; rectangular slit bodies (10) are uniformly cut in the center of the upper-layer heat exchanger shell (3), the diameters of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of each rectangular slit body are slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage regenerator (1), the upper end surface of each rectangular slit body is flush with the lower end surface of the second-stage regenerator (1), and the lower end surface of each rectangular slit body is flush with the laminar flow element (6); uniformly cutting rectangular slits around the central lines of the upper and lower end surfaces of the rectangular slit body (10), wherein the width of the slits is controlled to be 0.1-0.15 mm, the number of the slits is controlled to be 36-64, and the specific conditions are determined according to the second-stage regenerator (1) and the resistance condition behind the second-stage regenerator; a through hole (11) with the diameter of about 3mm is arranged at the central line of the rectangular slit body (10), and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the rectangular slit body (10); a cylindrical gap (12) with the thickness of 1mm is cut off from the lower end surface of the upper layer heat exchanger shell (3) around the central line of the upper end surface and the lower end surface, wherein the laminar flow element (6) is tightly filled, and the diameter of the cylindrical gap (12) is slightly larger than that of the upper end surface of the conical slit body (10); uniformly cutting a conical slit body (13) in the center of a lower-layer heat exchanger shell (5), wherein the diameter of the lower end face of the conical slit body (13) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator (8), and the diameter of the upper end face is slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical gap (12); the lower end surface of the conical slit body (13) is flush with the upper end surface of the first-stage regenerator (8), and the upper end surface of the conical slit body is flush with the lower surface of a root boss of the upper-layer heat exchanger shell (3) and the lower end surface of the laminar flow element (6); uniformly cutting conical slits around the central lines of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical slit body (13), wherein the width of each slit is controlled to be 0.1-0.25 mm, the number of the slits is controlled to be 24-48, and the specific conditions are determined according to the processing precision, the first-stage pulse tube (9) and the resistance condition behind the first-stage pulse tube; a T-shaped through hole (14) consisting of a thin through hole part (15) and a thick through hole part (16) is arranged at the central line of a conical slit body (13), the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the T-shaped through hole are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of a lower heat exchanger shell (5), the thick through hole part (16) occupies 1/3 of the total length, the thin through hole part (15) occupies 2/3 of the total length, the diameter ratio of the thick through hole part (16) to the thin through hole part (15) is about 2.5:1, and the diameter of the thick through hole part (16) is equal to the outer diameter of a first-stage pulse tube (9), so that the split-flow type cold end heat exchanger of the air coupling type pulse tube refrigerator is formed together.
2. A method of designing a split-flow cold end heat exchanger of a gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein:
a tapered slit body (13) is cut in the lower-layer heat exchanger shell (5) by using a slow-moving wire cutting technology, and the taper is controlled in such a way that the diameter of the large end face of the tapered slit body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator (1), and the diameter of the small end face of the tapered slit body is slightly smaller than the diameter of the laminar flow element (6); a hollow T-shaped through hole (14) is arranged at the center of the conical slit body (13), a rectangular slit body (10) is cut in the upper layer heat exchanger shell (3) by using a slow-walking wire cutting technology, and slits of the rectangular slit body (10) and the conical slit body (13) are uniformly cut around the central line of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the slit body in 360 degrees along the circumference; the first-stage pulse tube (9) is inserted into the through hole thick part (16) for 2-4 mm, and a compact laminar flow element (6) is filled in the gap part of the first-stage pulse tube and the thick part; the first stage regenerator (8) is inserted into the lower layer heat exchanger shell (5) by about 1mm, and the joint part (7) of the lower end surface of the lower layer heat exchanger shell (5) and the outer pipe wall of the first stage regenerator (8) is welded along the circumference by using a clean brazing technology; the second-stage regenerator (1) is inserted into an upper-layer heat exchanger shell (3) by 0.5-1.5 mm, and the upper end surface of the upper-layer heat exchanger shell (3) and a joint part (2) of the outer tube wall of the second-stage regenerator (1) are welded along the circumference by using a clean brazing technology; the upper end surface of the lower layer heat exchanger shell (5) is closely attached to the root part of the upper layer heat exchanger shell (3), and the joint part (4) is welded along the outer circumference by using a clean brazing technology; the connection among the first-stage regenerator (8), the first-stage pulse tube (9), the lower-layer heat exchanger shell (5), the upper-layer heat exchanger shell (3) and the second-stage regenerator (1) is realized, so that the split-flow cold-end heat exchanger of the air coupling type pulse tube refrigerator is formed.
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