CN112207420B - Method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel - Google Patents
Method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112207420B CN112207420B CN202011026054.7A CN202011026054A CN112207420B CN 112207420 B CN112207420 B CN 112207420B CN 202011026054 A CN202011026054 A CN 202011026054A CN 112207420 B CN112207420 B CN 112207420B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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Abstract
A method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel belongs to the field of solid-phase connection of dissimilar metals. The invention aims to realize the heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and steel and avoid the generation of brittle phase in a welding area, copper is used as welding transition metal, and a high-quality friction welding seam is obtained through rotary friction welding, so that the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the steel is realized. The invention realizes the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the steel by taking Cu as the intermediate phase, thereby not only effectively preventing elements in the Ti and the steel from diffusing, but also eliminating brittle phases such as intermetallic compounds of Ti/Fe and the like, improving the strength of a welding joint, simultaneously ensuring that the welding joint is firm, and effectively improving the quality and the performance of the welding joint. The invention has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, high welding efficiency, excellent quality and performance of the obtained welding joint, great reduction of labor and processing cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dissimilar metal solid phase connection, and provides a method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel.
Background
Friction welding is a method in which frictional heat is generated as a heat source to plastically deform a workpiece under pressure and complete welding. Because the friction welding has low welding temperature compared with other melting welding modes, the crystal grains are not obviously grown, and the crystal grains are even refined under the action of low temperature and mechanical action. Meanwhile, friction welding has few welding defects and basically has no air holes and unfused areas. Therefore, friction welding is widely applied in the fields of aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy, weapons and the like at present to realize high-quality welded joints with stable performance and good consistency.
Among them, the heterogeneous friction welding is a method of welding two materials of different alloy systems by using friction welding. The heterogeneous materials can utilize the respective advantages of the materials to the maximum extent, but the welding difficulty is greatly improved due to the difference of physical and chemical properties between the heterogeneous materials and the materials. The near-forging structure formed by friction welding can effectively improve the performance of the heterogeneous metal welding seam. Therefore, a series of heterogeneous friction welding processes of aluminum-copper, magnesium-aluminum, aluminum-steel, etc. have been developed and widely used. The dissimilar materials have larger difference of melting points between the two materials, and the metal with low melting point can be softened in advance, so that the friction force is increased by processing a welding section and the auxiliary heating is a common auxiliary means for friction welding.
Generally, the presence of intermetallic compounds in the weld joint of heterogeneous friction welding will seriously affect the mechanical properties of the weld joint and directly affect the service life of the welded component.
For the heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and steel, Ti/Fe brittle phases can be generated at welding seams in the welding process, and alloy elements such as chromium and nickel in the steel and the like can also form brittle intermetallic compounds with Ti; meanwhile, titanium is also an element forming a strong carbon compound, and can form brittle TiC with part of carbon in steel, so that the mechanical property of a welding seam is seriously reduced, the elongation is greatly reduced, the welding seam is easily cracked under the action of welding stress, the plasticity and the high-temperature performance of a joint are deteriorated, and the service life of the welding part is influenced. Therefore, how to achieve the welding of the dissimilar metal member and avoid the generation of brittle phase of the welded region is the key to obtain the dissimilar welded member. This is also one of the reasons that the development of the titanium alloy is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel, which can realize solid-phase connection of dissimilar metals, and can obtain a high-strength welding seam by taking copper as a transition material for heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the steel; meanwhile, copper is used as an intermediate phase, and is used as a non-carbide forming element, and intermetallic compounds are not formed among iron, chromium and nickel, so that the diffusion of elements in titanium and steel is effectively prevented, the intermetallic compounds among ferrotitanium are eliminated, the strength of a welding joint is improved, the welding joint is firm, the primary welding area is increased, and the quality and the performance of the welding joint are effectively improved. The method is simple and convenient, the welding efficiency is high, the obtained welding joint has excellent quality and performance, and the labor and the processing cost can be reduced.
In order to obtain the method for the heterogeneous rotary friction welding of the titanium alloy and the steel, the invention adopts the following technical scheme, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) end face machining: machining the titanium alloy and the steel pre-welded end face to enable the titanium alloy and the steel pre-welded end face to have a certain inclination and a reserved central circle;
(2) titanium copper pressure welding: carrying out pressure welding on the copper plate and the titanium alloy end face which have the same size as the pre-welded end face;
(3) cleaning before welding: cleaning the pre-welded end face by using a stainless steel brush, a lathe or a shot blasting device and the like, and cleaning by using alcohol or acetone;
(4) spin welding: respectively installing titanium alloy and steel on a clamp of a rotary friction welding device, clamping the steel on a fixed die by the clamp, clamping the titanium alloy on a main shaft by the clamp, performing autorotation motion along with the rotation of the main shaft, and performing rotary friction welding, wherein the forward propulsion speed of the main shaft is 1-5 mm/s;
(5) cutting off the flash: and after the upsetting is finished, loosening the fixture on the fixed die, enabling the welded workpiece to slowly rotate along with the main shaft, enabling a turning tool to enter, and cutting off flash to obtain a titanium alloy and steel heterogeneous friction welding sample piece.
Further, the titanium alloy in the step (1) is various commercially available titanium and titanium alloy, and the steel is various commercially available steel materials including industrial pure titanium, cast iron, carbon steel, structural steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, heat-resistant steel, and the like.
Further, the surface roughness after the end face machining in the step (1) is less than 0.6 μm, the inclination is 5-30 degrees, and the diameter of the central circle is 5-10 mm.
Further, the copper plate in the step (2) is a commercially available pure copper plate, and the thickness of the copper plate is 0.5-2 mm.
Further, the pressure welding temperature in the step (2) is 900-.
Further, the pressure welding device in the step (2) is a hydraulic press or a friction press.
Further, the welding speed of the heterogeneous friction welding in the step (4) is 500-.
Further, the distance between the titanium alloy and the steel in the step (4) after the titanium alloy and the steel are fixed by a clamp is 50-200 mm.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the solid phase connection of dissimilar metals is realized, a welding line with good appearance can be obtained at one time, the welding efficiency is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
2. The obtained welding line shows a good welding interface and excellent mechanical performance, has good welding reliability, and has application potential in the fields of petroleum pipelines, ocean tunnels and the like.
3. Copper is used as an intermediate metal, so that the performance degradation of a welding seam caused by the generation of brittle phases such as Ti/Fe, Ti/C and the like is avoided, and the quality of the welding part is ensured.
4. The one-time welding area is large, the welding speed is high, the temperature is low, and the phenomenon that the traditional argon arc welding severely absorbs oxygen and nitrogen at high temperature is avoided.
5. Can meet the concentric welding of dissimilar metals with different sizes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spin friction weld configuration in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) end face machining: chamfering the end faces of TC4 titanium alloy and 316 stainless steel, wherein the inclination is 15 degrees, the diameter of a center circle is 10mm, and the center circle is polished to be smooth;
(2) titanium copper pressure welding: and (3) bonding a red copper sheet with the same diameter and the thickness of 1mm to the end face of the TC4 at the temperature of 950 ℃ under the pressure of 10MPa for 20 min.
(3) Cleaning before welding: the rough surface was removed using a lathe tool and wiped clean with acetone.
(4) Spin welding: TC4 was fixed to a spindle, and was subjected to spinning motion (700rpm) while gradually contacting the end face of the 316 stainless steel fixed thereto at a distance of 100mm, first and second pressures of 400 and 800kg, respectively, an upset pressure of 1500kg, and a forward speed of 1 mm/s.
(5) Cutting off the flash: and after welding, reducing the rotating speed to 300rpm, and slowly cutting off flash by entering a turning tool to obtain the high-performance titanium alloy and steel heterogeneous friction welding piece.
Example 2:
a method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) end face machining: the end faces of the TA2 pure titanium and the 45# steel are chamfered, the inclination is 5 degrees, a central circle with the diameter of 10mm is reserved, and the center circle is polished to be smooth;
(2) titanium copper pressure welding: and (3) bonding a red copper sheet with the same diameter and the thickness of 1mm to the end face of the TA2 at the temperature of 900 ℃ under the pressure of 5MPa for 30 min.
(3) Cleaning before welding: the rough surface was removed using a lathe tool and wiped clean with acetone.
(4) Spin welding: pure titanium is fixed to a main shaft, autorotation movement (800rpm) is carried out, and the pure titanium is gradually contacted with the end face of fixed 45# steel, the distance between the pure titanium and the fixed 45# steel is 150mm, the primary pressure and the secondary pressure are respectively 500 and 1000kg, the upsetting pressure is 1500kg, and the forward advancing speed of the main shaft is 1 mm/s.
(5) Cutting off the flash: and after welding, reducing the rotating speed to 300rpm, and slowly cutting off flash by entering a turning tool to obtain the high-performance titanium alloy and steel heterogeneous friction welding piece.
Claims (4)
1. A method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) end face machining: machining the titanium alloy and the steel pre-welded end face to enable the titanium alloy and the steel pre-welded end face to have a certain inclination and a reserved central circle;
(2) titanium copper pressure welding: carrying out pressure welding on the copper plate and the titanium alloy end face which have the same size as the pre-welded end face;
(3) cleaning before welding: cleaning the pre-welded end face by using a stainless steel brush, a lathe or a shot blasting device, and cleaning by using alcohol or acetone;
(4) spin welding: respectively installing titanium alloy and steel on a clamp of a rotary friction welding device, clamping the steel on a fixed die by the clamp, clamping the titanium alloy on a main shaft by the clamp, performing autorotation motion along with the rotation of the main shaft, and performing rotary friction welding, wherein the forward propulsion speed of the main shaft is 1-5 mm/s;
(5) cutting off the flash: after the upsetting is finished, loosening the fixture on the fixed die, enabling the welded workpiece to slowly rotate along with the main shaft, enabling a turning tool to enter, and cutting off flash to obtain a titanium alloy and steel heterogeneous friction welding sample piece;
after the end face machining in the step (1), the surface roughness is less than 0.6 mu m, the inclination is 5-30 degrees, and the diameter of a central circle is 5-10 mm;
the copper plate in the step (2) is a commercially available pure copper plate, and the thickness of the copper plate is 0.5-2 mm;
the pressure welding temperature in the step (2) is 900-;
the welding speed of the heterogeneous friction welding in the step (4) is 500-.
2. The method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel according to claim 1, wherein: the titanium alloy in the step (1) is various commercially available titanium alloys, and the steel is various commercially available steel materials.
3. The method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) the pressure welding equipment in the step (2) is a hydraulic press or a friction press.
4. The method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) after the titanium alloy and the steel are fixed by the clamp, the distance between the titanium alloy and the steel is 50-200 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011026054.7A CN112207420B (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2020-09-25 | Method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel |
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| CN202011026054.7A CN112207420B (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2020-09-25 | Method for heterogeneous rotary friction welding of titanium alloy and steel |
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| CN112207420B true CN112207420B (en) | 2021-12-24 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0976079A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-25 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method for joining low alloy steel shaft or steel shaft with rotary body made of titanium aluminide |
| EP0816007A2 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-07 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Method of friction-welding a shaft to a titanium aluminide turbine rotor |
| CN106346128A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-25 | 西北工业大学 | Aluminum copper dissimilar metal rotation friction welding method added with middle layer |
| CN106735844A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | For the wrapping structure and spin friction soldering method of dissimilar metal spin friction weldering |
| CN107639341A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-01-30 | 吉林大学 | High-performance spin friction Welding for different alloys |
-
2020
- 2020-09-25 CN CN202011026054.7A patent/CN112207420B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0976079A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-25 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Method for joining low alloy steel shaft or steel shaft with rotary body made of titanium aluminide |
| EP0816007A2 (en) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-07 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Method of friction-welding a shaft to a titanium aluminide turbine rotor |
| CN106346128A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-25 | 西北工业大学 | Aluminum copper dissimilar metal rotation friction welding method added with middle layer |
| CN106735844A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | For the wrapping structure and spin friction soldering method of dissimilar metal spin friction weldering |
| CN107639341A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-01-30 | 吉林大学 | High-performance spin friction Welding for different alloys |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Experimental investigation of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 304L stainless steel friction welded with copper interlayer;Kumar,R等;《Defence Technology》;20150331;第11卷(第1期);第65-75页 * |
| Kumar,R等.Experimental investigation of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 304L stainless steel friction welded with copper interlayer.《Defence Technology》.2015,第11卷(第1期), * |
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