CN112201742A - Thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in desert area - Google Patents
Thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in desert area Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
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- F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
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- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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Abstract
The application provides a thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in desert areas, and relates to the technical field of thermoelectric conversion. The invention relates to a power generation system which can be used in desert areas and can continuously operate day and night by utilizing the climate characteristic that the day and night temperature difference is large in the desert areas and based on the thermoelectric conversion technology of thermoelectric materials. A day-night operation thermoelectric conversion system includes: the system comprises a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem, a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem and a heat storage metal pool. The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem works in the daytime and is used for converting heat absorbed in the daytime into electric energy and transmitting the absorbed heat to the heat storage metal pool, so that the heat storage metal pool stores energy in the daytime, the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem runs at night and is used for converting the heat stored in the heat storage metal pool into electric energy to complete power generation at night, and the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem run alternately in the mode to achieve the purpose of generating power day and night.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of thermoelectric conversion, in particular to a thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in desert areas.
Background
The desert area all over the world almost occupies 20 percent of the land area, on one hand, more than 10 hundred million of people are directly threatened by the desert, and on the other hand, a large number of people still live in remote desert areas. The desert area of China is about 130 ten thousand square kilometers, and a considerable number of towns are located in the desert abdominal land. In the prior art, a remote desert area is generally supplied with power by a distributed power system.
In a distributed power system, in addition to a traditional power production mode (such as a power station using coal and oil gas as fuels), photovoltaic power generation is one of main technologies for solving power supply in remote desertification areas, large-scale photovoltaic power stations are built in desert abdominal areas in China at present, and large-scale photovoltaic development work is started in areas such as mausu deserts, districts with uniform distribution of deserts in warehouses and the like, and the photovoltaic power generation is gradually becoming a main power production mode in the desert areas. For more remote desert areas where the power grid cannot reach, basic power supply can be achieved by using a small solar electric hospital.
However, the photovoltaic power generation has high cost and low power generation efficiency, and the photovoltaic power generation can only supply power in the daytime, and the discontinuous power supply is a fatal defect of the photovoltaic power generation, and the problem can be overcome only by supplementing other power supply modes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in a desert area, and utilize the climate characteristics of the desert area with large day and night temperature difference, and based on thermoelectric material thermoelectric conversion technology, invent a power generation system that can be used in the desert area and can continuously operate day and night.
The day-night operating thermoelectric conversion system includes: a first thermoelectric conversion structure and a second thermoelectric conversion structure located above the ground surface, and a heat storage metal pool located below the ground surface; the first thermoelectric conversion structure comprises a first heat sink, a first thermoelectric module group and a first vapor chamber which are sequentially attached and connected; the first heat sink is positioned above the first thermoelectric module group, and the first thermoelectric module group is positioned above the first soaking plate; the upper end of the antigravity heat pipe is tightly embedded into the first soaking plate, and the lower end of the antigravity heat pipe is inserted into the heat storage metal tank; the second thermoelectric conversion structure comprises a second heat sink, a second thermoelectric module group and a second vapor chamber which are sequentially attached and connected; the second heat sink is positioned above the second thermoelectric module group, and the second thermoelectric module group is positioned above the second vapor chamber; the upper end of the gravity heat pipe is tightly embedded into the second soaking plate in a matching mode, and the lower end of the gravity heat pipe is inserted into the heat storage metal tank.
Optionally, the first thermoelectric conversion structure and the antigravity heat pipe constitute a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem; the second thermoelectric conversion structure and the gravity heat pipe form a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem; the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem operate in opposition; the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem run oppositely, specifically: the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem works in the daytime and is used for absorbing heat, converting the absorbed heat into electric energy and conducting the electric energy to the heat storage metal pool so that the heat storage metal pool stores the heat in the daytime and obtains the electric energy; the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem works at night and is used for converting heat stored in the heat storage metal pool in the daytime into electric energy so as to realize day-night continuous operation of the thermoelectric conversion system.
Optionally, the first heat sink absorbs heat when the first thermoelectric conversion structure is in operation; the first thermoelectric module group converts a first part of heat absorbed by the first heat sink into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the first heat sink and the first vapor chamber; the first thermoelectric module group transmits the second part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink to the first vapor chamber, so that the antigravity heat pipe transmits the second part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink to the heat storage metal pool.
Optionally, when the second thermoelectric conversion structure is in operation, the gravity heat pipe conducts heat of the heat storage metal pool to the second soaking plate; the second thermoelectric module group converts a first part of heat conducted to the vapor chamber by the gravity heat pipe into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the second heat sink and the second vapor chamber, so that the second thermoelectric conversion structure provides electric energy at night; a second portion of the heat conducted by the gravity heat pipe to the vapor chamber is dissipated through the second heat sink.
Optionally, the antigravity heat pipe and the gravity heat pipe realize unidirectional heat conduction; the direction of the antigravity heat pipe for realizing heat conduction is the direction from the first soaking plate to the heat storage metal tank; the direction of heat conduction of the gravity heat pipe is from the heat storage metal pool to the second soaking plate. Optionally, the material inside the heat storage metal pool is set to be an alloy with a low melting point and a large heat of solution, so as to expand the energy storage capacity of the heat storage metal pool.
Optionally, gallium metal or gallium alloy is used as a material in the heat storage metal pool; the heat storage metal pool stores heat by utilizing the phase change of the metal gallium or the gallium alloy so as to achieve the purpose of storing energy in a low-temperature environment; the phase change heat storage of the metal gallium or the gallium alloy is specifically as follows: the metal gallium or the gallium alloy absorbs the heat conducted to the heat storage metal pool by the antigravity heat pipe, and melting phase change occurs; the gravity heat pipe absorbs the heat of the heat storage metal pool, and the metal gallium or the gallium releases the heat to generate solidification phase change.
Optionally, the upper surfaces of the first and second heat sinks comprise a plurality of parallel fins; the first vapor chamber, the second vapor chamber, the antigravity heat pipe and the gravity heat pipe are made of high-thermal-conductivity materials; the first thermoelectric module group and the second thermoelectric module group are formed by connecting a plurality of thermoelectric modules.
Optionally, the diurnal operation thermoelectric conversion system includes a plurality of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystems and a plurality of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystems; the first soaking plate and the second soaking plate are of enhanced heat transfer structures.
Optionally, the thermoelectric conversion system further comprises a heat harvesting device; the heat acquisition device is connected with the heat storage metal pool and is used for acquiring the heat of the heat storage metal pool at night.
The application provides a thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in desert areas, a first heat sink of a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem operating in the day is utilized to absorb heat in the day, a first thermoelectric module group tightly attached to the first heat sink directly converts part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink into electric energy based on the temperature difference between a high temperature end and a low temperature end, the high temperature end of the first thermoelectric module group is the first heat sink, the low temperature end is a first soaking plate, meanwhile, the first thermoelectric module group conducts the rest part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink in the day to the first soaking plate tightly attached, the rest part of the heat is conducted to a heat storage metal pool under the ground surface through a counter-gravity heat pipe embedded in the first soaking plate, the rest part of the heat is conducted to a large amount of heat energy stored in the heat storage metal pool through the phase change of a metal material in the heat storage metal pool, the heat stored in the heat storage metal pool is conducted to a second soaking plate embedded in the heat storage metal pool through the counter-gravity heat pipe at night, the second thermoelectric module group tightly attached to the second soaking plate directly converts the heat conducted from the heat storage metal tank to the soaking plate by the gravity heat pipe into electric energy based on the temperature difference between the high temperature end and the low temperature end, the second soaking plate is arranged at the high temperature end, and the second heat sink is arranged at the low temperature end, so that the purpose that the thermoelectric conversion system can continuously operate day and night and can generate electric energy at day and night is achieved.
The first heat sink, the first thermoelectric module group and the first vapor chamber are tightly attached, and the second heat sink, the second thermoelectric module group and the second vapor chamber are tightly attached, so that the contact thermal resistance of each component of the first thermoelectric conversion structure and the second thermoelectric conversion structure is reduced, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is improved. Wherein first soaking board and second soaking board adopt high thermal conductivity material to improve the homogeneity of the temperature of first soaking board and second soaking board, improve the heat transfer ability of first soaking board and second soaking board simultaneously.
According to the heat storage metal pool, gallium or gallium alloy is selected as the heat storage material, the two characteristics that the melting point of gallium or gallium alloy is low and the solution heat is large are utilized, the storage and the release of heat energy are achieved, meanwhile, the heat storage metal pool is placed underground, the heat dissipation of the heat storage metal pool is reduced by combining the characteristic that the heat conductivity of sandy soil is poor, and the heat storage metal pool has a better heat insulation effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in a desert area according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first heat sink and a second heat sink in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a thermoelectric module stack in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the first soaking plate and the second soaking plate of the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is an operation schematic diagram of a thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in a desert area according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Based on the characteristics of the climate, the thermoelectric conversion system provided by the application utilizes the heat sink to absorb heat in the daytime, the thermoelectric module group is closely attached to the heat sink absorbing the heat, the upper surface of the thermoelectric module group is the heat sink, the lower surface of the thermoelectric module group is the soaking plate, the thermoelectric module group converts part of the heat absorbed in the daytime into electric energy based on the temperature difference between the high-temperature end heat sink and the low-temperature end soaking plate, simultaneously conducts the rest part of the heat absorbed in the daytime to the closely attached soaking plate, conducts the rest part of the heat to the heat storage metal pool under the ground surface through the antigravity heat pipe embedded in the soaking plate, and stores a large amount of heat energy conducted to the heat storage metal pool by the antigravity heat pipe in the daytime through the phase change of the metal material in the heat storage metal pool, the heat that the gravity heat pipe stored heat-retaining metal pool is conducted to its soaking board of embedding night, and the upper surface of the thermoelectric module group of closely laminating with the soaking board is the heat sink, and the heat sink dispels the heat at night, and thermoelectric module group is based on the heat difference of high temperature end soaking board and low temperature end heat sink this moment, and the heat that conducts the gravity heat pipe from heat-retaining metal pool to the soaking board converts the electric energy into to this reaches day and night's continuous operation, and can all produce the purpose of electric energy at day and night.
Compared with a large-scale photovoltaic power station, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is less than 20%, the annual operation time is about 2000 hours and is far lower than the annual operation time of 3500 hours of hydropower and 5000 hours of thermal power, and the thermoelectric conversion system can continuously operate day and night, so that the annual operation time is far greater than that of a photovoltaic power generation system. Is more suitable for remote desert areas with rare population. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion system provided by the application can be used alone or combined with a photovoltaic power generation system and the thermoelectric conversion system provided by the application to supply power to the region which cannot be reached by the power grid.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric conversion system for day-night operation in a desert area according to an embodiment of the present application. The structure and the operation principle of the thermoelectric conversion system operating day and night are explained in detail with reference to fig. 1.
The first thermoelectric conversion structure 11 and the antigravity heat pipe 12 form a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem 1; the second thermoelectric conversion structure 21 and the gravity heat pipe 22 form a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem 2;
the dotted line portions of the heat storage metal tank in fig. 1 are gravity heat pipes and antigravity heat pipes inserted into the heat storage metal tank.
The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem is a part of the thermoelectric conversion system that operates during the daytime, and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem is a part of the thermoelectric conversion system that operates during the nighttime.
The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem includes: the first heat sink, the first thermoelectric module group, the first vapor chamber and the antigravity heat pipe form a first thermoelectric conversion structure. The second thermoelectric conversion subsystem includes: the second heat sink, the second thermoelectric module group, the second vapor chamber and the antigravity heat pipe form a second thermoelectric conversion structure.
The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem 1 and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem 2 operate oppositely; the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem 1 and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem 2 operate oppositely, specifically:
the first thermoelectric converter 1 system works in the daytime and is used for absorbing heat and converting part of the absorbed heat into electric energy, and the redundant heat is transferred to the heat storage metal pool 3 so that the heat storage metal pool 3 stores heat in the daytime;
the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem 2 works at night and is used for converting part of heat stored in the heat storage metal pool 3 in the daytime into electric energy so as to realize day and night continuous operation of the thermoelectric conversion system and simultaneously dissipate redundant heat to the environment.
The first thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem operate in opposition to each other, meaning that the direction of heat conduction in the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem is from top to bottom and the direction of heat conduction in the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem is from bottom to top.
The reason why the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem is able to conduct heat to the heat storage metal pool located below the surface of the earth is that: the running direction of the antigravity heat pipe to heat is from top to bottom. When the antigravity heat pipe transfers heat, the heat can be transferred to the lower end (the heat storage metal tank) only from the upper end (the first vapor chamber of the first thermoelectric conversion structure running in the daytime) of the antigravity heat pipe, and the antigravity heat pipe cannot work reversely.
The reason why the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem is able to conduct heat from the heat storage metal pool located below the ground surface to the ground is that: the running direction of the gravity heat pipe to heat is from bottom to top. The gravity heat pipe can only transfer heat from the lower end of the gravity heat pipe (the part inserted into the heat storage metal tank) to the upper end of the gravity heat pipe (the second soaking plate of the second thermoelectric conversion structure operating at night) and cannot work reversely.
Generally, the antigravity heat pipe and the gravity heat pipe which run in a single direction are respectively used as connecting channels of the first thermoelectric conversion structure and the second thermoelectric conversion structure and the heat storage metal pool, and the heat storage metal pool can store energy in the daytime and release energy at night by utilizing the characteristic that the antigravity heat pipe and the gravity heat pipe conduct heat in opposite directions.
Of course, other heat pipes operating in one direction may be selected as the structure for connecting the soaking plate and the heat storage metal tank.
The antigravity heat pipe 12 and the gravity heat pipe 22 realize unidirectional heat conduction;
the direction of the antigravity heat pipe 12 for realizing heat conduction is the direction from the first soaking plate 113 to the heat storage metal tank 3; the direction in which the gravity heat pipe 22 conducts heat is the direction from the heat storage metal tank 3 to the second soaking plate 213.
Specifically, the positional relationship and the connection relationship of the components in the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem are as follows:
the day-night operating thermoelectric conversion system includes: a first thermoelectric conversion structure 11 and a second thermoelectric conversion structure 21 located above the ground surface, and a heat storage metal pool 3 located below the ground surface;
the first thermoelectric conversion structure comprises a first heat sink 111, a first thermoelectric module group 112 and a first vapor chamber 113 which are sequentially attached and connected; the first heat sink 111 is positioned above the first thermoelectric module group 112, and the first thermoelectric module group 112 is positioned above the first vapor chamber 113;
all components of the first thermoelectric conversion structure in the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem: the first heat sink, the first thermoelectric module group and the first vapor chamber are all located on the ground.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first heat sink and a second heat sink in an embodiment of the present application.
The first heat sink refers to a heat sink for absorbing heat during daytime in a thermoelectric conversion system that operates day and night. The temperature in the desert daytime is higher, and the first heat sink is positioned above the earth surface, so that the heat can be better absorbed. And the upper surface of the sinking position is provided with a plurality of parallel fins, so that the heat absorption efficiency of the heat sink and the heat absorption uniformity of the heat sink are improved.
The upper surfaces of the first and second heat sinks 111 and 211 comprise a plurality of parallel fins;
the first thermoelectric module group refers to a thermoelectric module group for converting thermal energy into electric energy in daytime in a thermoelectric conversion system operating day and night.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a thermoelectric module group in an embodiment of the present application.
The first thermoelectric module group 112 and the second thermoelectric module group 212 are formed by connecting a plurality of thermoelectric modules.
The thermoelectric module may be a semiconductor or the like.
The upper end of the antigravity heat pipe 12 is tightly embedded into the first soaking plate 113, and the lower end of the antigravity heat pipe 21 is inserted into the heat storage metal tank 3;
when the first thermoelectric module group works, the first heat sink is used as a high-heat end, and the first heat equalizing sheet is used as a low-heat end.
The first soaking plate refers to a soaking plate for conducting heat to the antigravity heat pipe during daytime in a thermoelectric conversion system operating day and night. Because first soaking plate has embedded antigravity heat pipe, antigravity heat pipe's heat conduction effect is good, can be rapidly with the heat conduction to first soaking plate through first thermoelectric module group to heat-retaining metal bath, and then guaranteed that the temperature of first soaking plate keeps lower state always.
The first heat sink, the first thermoelectric module group and the first vapor chamber are arranged in a close fit connection mode, so that the contact thermal resistance of the first heat sink, the first thermoelectric module group and the first vapor chamber is reduced as much as possible, and the efficiency of day thermoelectric conversion and energy storage is improved.
The positional relationship and the connection relationship of the respective constituent components in the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem are as follows:
the second thermoelectric conversion structure 21 includes a second heat sink 211, a second thermoelectric module group 212, and a second vapor chamber 213, which are sequentially attached and connected; the second heat sink 211 is located above the second thermoelectric module group 213, and the second thermoelectric module group 212 is located above the second vapor chamber 213;
the upper end of the gravity heat pipe 22 is tightly fitted and embedded in the second soaking plate 213, and the lower end of the gravity heat pipe 22 is inserted into the heat storage metal tank 3.
All components of the second thermoelectric conversion structure in the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem: the second heat sink, the second thermoelectric module group and the second vapor chamber are all located on the ground. The second heat sink on the ground can better dissipate heat, the temperature of the second heat sink is kept lower than that of the second soaking plate all the time, and the continuity of electric energy conversion at night is guaranteed.
The second heat sink refers to a heat sink for emitting surplus heat at night in a thermoelectric conversion system operating day and night. The second thermoelectric module group refers to a thermoelectric module group for converting thermal energy into electric energy at night in a thermoelectric conversion system operating day and night.
The first soaking plate is used for receiving the heat absorbed by the gravity heat pipe from the metal energy storage pool at night in the thermoelectric conversion system running day and night and further conducting the heat absorbed by the gravity heat pipe from the metal energy storage pool to the soaking plate of the second thermoelectric module group.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the first soaking plate and the second soaking plate of the embodiment of the present application.
The first soaking plate 113, the second soaking plate 214, the antigravity heat pipe 12 and the gravity heat pipe 22 are made of high-thermal-conductivity materials; and the antigravity heat pipe and the gravity heat pipe are mainly used in the field of aerospace, and can be set to be 4 meters long. Wherein the high thermal conductivity material includes, but is not limited to, copper or copper alloys.
The first soaking plate and the antigravity heat pipe have good heat conductivity, so that the loss of heat before the heat enters the heat storage metal pool when the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem operates in the daytime is reduced. The second soaking plate and the gravity heat pipe have good heat conductivity, and the loss of heat after being led out from the heat storage metal pool is reduced. Therefore, set up first soaking pit, antigravity heat pipe, second soaking pit and gravity heat pipe based on high thermal conductivity material, lacked thermal loss, improved the temperature homogeneity of first soaking pit and second soaking pit, improve heat transmission ability simultaneously and make the operation of the thermoelectric conversion system of operation round the clock more environmental protection.
Fig. 5 is an operation schematic diagram of a thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in a desert area according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, when the first thermoelectric conversion 11 structure is in operation, the first heat sink 111 absorbs heat; the first thermoelectric module group 112 converts a first part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink 111 into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the first heat sink 111 and the first vapor chamber 113; the first thermoelectric module group 112 transfers the second part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink 111 to the first vapor chamber 114, so that the antigravity heat pipe 12 conducts the second part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink 111 to the heat storage metal pool 3.
The direction of the arrow in fig. 5 is the direction in which heat is conducted in the thermoelectric conversion system.
The first part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink is generally a small part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink, and the actual proportion depends on the properties of the thermoelectric material, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present application.
The total amount of the second portion of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink and the first portion of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink is almost the sum of the ambient heat absorbed by the first heat sink.
When the second thermoelectric conversion structure 21 is in operation, the gravity heat pipe 22 conducts the heat of the heat storage metal tank 3 to the second soaking plate 213; the second thermoelectric module 212 group converts a first part of the heat conducted from the gravity heat pipe 22 to the second soaking plate 213 into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the second heat sink 211 and the second soaking plate 213, so that the second thermoelectric conversion structure 21 provides electric energy at night; a second portion of the heat conducted by the gravity heat pipe 22 to the second vapor chamber 213 is dissipated to the environment through the second heat sink 213.
The first part of the heat conducted to the second soaking plate by the gravity heat pipe is a large amount of heat absorbed by the gravity heat pipe from the heat storage metal tank, and the total amount of the first part of the heat conducted to the soaking plate by the gravity heat pipe and the second part of the heat conducted to the soaking plate by the gravity heat pipe is almost all the heat absorbed by the gravity heat pipe in the metal energy storage tank at night.
To facilitate explanation of the direction of heat travel in the anti-gravity heat pipes and gravity heat pipes, the use of a truncated structure in FIG. 4 represents the use of gravity heat pipes and anti-gravity heat pipes. And the respective components of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem are independent, thereby more clearly showing the direction of heat operation in fig. 4.
The daytime environment temperature is high, the daytime running part (a first thermoelectric conversion subsystem) of the thermoelectric conversion system which runs day and night works, the heat absorbed by the first heat sink from the environment is conducted to the heat storage metal pool by the antigravity heat pipe, meanwhile, a certain temperature difference exists between the two sides of the first thermoelectric module group, which is connected with the first heat sink and the first vapor chamber, and a small amount of heat can be directly converted into electric energy by the temperature difference, so that the daytime running part realizes the dual functions of power generation and energy storage; after entering night, the daytime running part stops working, the nighttime running part (a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem) of the thermoelectric conversion system running day and night starts working, the gravity heat pipe is used for transferring heat in the metal energy storage pool to a second soaking plate connected with the gravity heat pipe, the second soaking plate serves as a high-temperature end, the second heat sink serves as a low-temperature end, and the thermoelectric module converts part of heat into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the high-temperature end and the low-temperature end, so that the nighttime running part has the function of transferring the heat stored in the daytime to the ground surface and providing electric power at night. The invention combines two processes of energy storage and thermoelectric conversion, realizes the day and night continuous operation of a thermoelectric conversion system which operates day and night, is used as a distributed power supply in remote desert areas, can be used as a supplement for photovoltaic power generation, and can also be used independently.
In order to ensure the energy storage effect of the heat storage metal pool, the heat storage metal pool is arranged under the ground surface, sand is arranged around the heat storage metal pool in the daytime, the temperature is lower, and the heat storage metal pool is not influenced by the high temperature in the daytime. Meanwhile, the sandy soil has poor heat-conducting property, so that the heat dissipation of the heat storage metal pool can be reduced, and the heat storage metal pool has a better heat-preserving effect.
Further, in order to improve the capacity of the heat storage metal pool, in the embodiment of the present application, gallium or a gallium alloy is selected as a heat storage material inside the heat storage metal pool.
The material inside the heat storage metal pool 3 is set to be an alloy with low melting point and large solution heat so as to enlarge the heat storage amount of the heat storage metal pool.
Taking metal gallium or gallium alloy as a material in the heat storage metal pool;
the heat storage metal pool stores heat by utilizing the phase change of the metal gallium or the gallium alloy so as to achieve the purpose of storing heat in a low-temperature environment;
the phase change heat storage of the metal gallium or the gallium alloy is specifically as follows: the metal gallium or the gallium alloy absorbs the heat conducted to the heat storage metal pool by the antigravity heat pipe, and melting phase change occurs; the gravity heat pipe absorbs the heat of the heat storage metal pool, and the metal gallium or the gallium releases the heat to generate solidification phase change.
The melting point of the metal gallium or the gallium alloy is low, generally about 30 ℃, gallium or the gallium alloy is selected from the heat storage metal pool to be used as a heat storage material, so that the gallium or the gallium alloy in the heat storage metal pool in the daytime is melted after absorbing heat, the heat is stored, the heat is transmitted back to a second heat sink on the earth surface at night, and meanwhile, the gallium or the gallium alloy is gradually solidified. The heat storage metal pool utilizes the two characteristics of low melting point and larger dissolution heat of gallium and gallium alloy to realize the storage and release of heat energy.
Of course, other materials having a low melting point and a large heat of solution may be selected as the heat storage material inside the heat storage metal tank.
With the increase of the total amount of energy stored in the heat storage metal pool, the power generation amount of the thermoelectric conversion system which operates day and night at night is increased.
In another embodiment of the present application, energy may also be extracted from the heat storage metal pool to heat, depending on the actual demand for electricity at night. The thermoelectric conversion system further comprises a heat acquisition device; the heat acquisition device is connected with the heat storage metal pool and is used for acquiring the heat of the heat storage metal pool at night.
In another embodiment of the present application, the number of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem operated during the daytime and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem operated during the nighttime may be increased to increase the power generation amount of the thermoelectric conversion system operated during the daytime and the nighttime. The diurnal operation thermoelectric conversion system includes a plurality of the first thermoelectric conversion sub-systems 1 and a plurality of the second thermoelectric conversion sub-systems 2; the first soaking plate 113 and the second soaking plate 213 are made of a high thermal conductive material.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive or descriptive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the true scope of the embodiments of the application.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
The thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in desert areas provided by the present application is described in detail above, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method and the core concept of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A thermoelectric conversion system for day-night operation in a desert area, the day-night operation thermoelectric conversion system comprising: a first thermoelectric conversion structure and a second thermoelectric conversion structure located above the ground surface, and a heat storage metal pool located below the ground surface;
the first thermoelectric conversion structure comprises a first heat sink, a first thermoelectric module group and a first vapor chamber which are sequentially attached and connected; the first heat sink is positioned above the first thermoelectric module group, and the first thermoelectric module group is positioned above the first soaking plate;
the upper end of the antigravity heat pipe is tightly embedded into the first soaking plate, and the lower end of the antigravity heat pipe is inserted into the heat storage metal tank;
the second thermoelectric conversion structure comprises a second heat sink, a second thermoelectric module group and a second vapor chamber which are sequentially attached and connected; the second heat sink is positioned above the second thermoelectric module group, and the second thermoelectric module group is positioned above the second vapor chamber;
the upper end of the gravity heat pipe is tightly embedded into the second soaking plate in a matching mode, and the lower end of the gravity heat pipe is inserted into the heat storage metal tank.
2. The thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in a desert area as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first thermoelectric conversion structure and the antigravity heat pipe constitute a first thermoelectric conversion sub-system; the second thermoelectric conversion structure and the gravity heat pipe form a second thermoelectric conversion subsystem;
the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem operate in opposition; the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem and the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem run oppositely, specifically:
the first thermoelectric conversion subsystem works in the daytime and is used for absorbing heat, converting the absorbed heat into electric energy and conducting the electric energy to the heat storage metal pool so that the heat storage metal pool stores the heat in the daytime and obtains the electric energy;
the second thermoelectric conversion subsystem works at night and is used for converting heat stored in the heat storage metal pool in the daytime into electric energy so as to realize day-night continuous operation of the thermoelectric conversion system.
3. The thermoelectric conversion system for desert area day and night operation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first heat sink absorbs heat while the first thermoelectric conversion structure is operated;
the first thermoelectric module group converts a first part of heat absorbed by the first heat sink into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the first heat sink and the first vapor chamber;
the first thermoelectric module group transmits the second part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink to the first vapor chamber, so that the antigravity heat pipe transmits the second part of the heat absorbed by the first heat sink to the heat storage metal pool.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the gravity heat pipe conducts heat of the heat storage metal tank to the second soaking plate when the second thermoelectric conversion structure is operated;
the second thermoelectric module group converts a first part of heat conducted to the vapor chamber by the gravity heat pipe into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the second heat sink and the second vapor chamber, so that the second thermoelectric conversion structure provides electric energy at night;
a second portion of the heat conducted by the gravity heat pipe to the second vapor chamber is dissipated through the second heat sink.
5. The system for thermoelectric conversion in desert areas operated day and night according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antigravity heat pipe and the gravity heat pipe realize unidirectional heat conduction;
the direction of the antigravity heat pipe for realizing heat conduction is the direction from the first soaking plate to the heat storage metal tank;
the direction of heat conduction of the gravity heat pipe is from the heat storage metal pool to the second soaking plate.
6. The thermoelectric conversion system for desert area day and night operation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the material inside the heat storage metal pool is set to an alloy having a low melting point and a large heat of solution to expand the energy storage capacity of the heat storage metal pool.
7. The thermoelectric conversion system for desert area day and night operation as claimed in claim 6, wherein metal gallium or gallium alloy is used as a material inside the heat storage metal pool;
the heat storage metal pool stores heat by utilizing the phase change of the metal gallium or the gallium alloy so as to achieve the purpose of storing energy in a low-temperature environment;
the phase change heat storage of the metal gallium or the gallium alloy is specifically as follows:
the metal gallium or the gallium alloy absorbs the heat conducted to the heat storage metal pool by the antigravity heat pipe, and melting phase change occurs; the gravity heat pipe absorbs the heat of the heat storage metal pool, and the metal gallium or the gallium releases the heat to generate solidification phase change.
8. The thermoelectric conversion system for desert area day and night operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper surfaces of the first and second heat sinks include a plurality of parallel fins;
the first vapor chamber, the second vapor chamber, the antigravity heat pipe and the gravity heat pipe are made of high-thermal-conductivity materials;
the first thermoelectric module group and the second thermoelectric module group are formed by connecting a plurality of thermoelectric modules.
9. The thermoelectric conversion system for the day and night operation in the desert area as set forth in claim 2, wherein the thermoelectric conversion system for the day and night operation includes a plurality of the first thermoelectric conversion subsystems and a plurality of the second thermoelectric conversion subsystems;
the first soaking plate and the second soaking plate are of enhanced heat transfer structures.
10. The thermoelectric conversion system for day and night operation in a desert area as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a heat obtaining means;
the heat acquisition device is connected with the heat storage metal pool and is used for acquiring the heat of the heat storage metal pool at night.
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