CN112198579B - Sky light background noise suppressor, optical search telescope and star sensor - Google Patents
Sky light background noise suppressor, optical search telescope and star sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112198579B CN112198579B CN202011256595.9A CN202011256595A CN112198579B CN 112198579 B CN112198579 B CN 112198579B CN 202011256595 A CN202011256595 A CN 202011256595A CN 112198579 B CN112198579 B CN 112198579B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/02—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means
- G01C21/025—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means with the use of startrackers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1866—Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1866—Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
- G02B5/1871—Transmissive phase gratings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sky light background noise suppressor, which comprises a fixed component and a background suppression grating pair; the fixing component is used for fixing the background suppression grating pair; the background suppression grating pair comprises two diffraction gratings and is used for transversely shearing externally incident combined light, and the shearing amount of the transverse shearing is larger than the coherent area of the skylight background and smaller than the coherent area of the observation target. The invention limits the shearing amount of the combined light after passing through the background suppression grating, so that the light field of the observation target is coherently superposed, the light field of the sky light background cannot interfere, and only the light intensity is incoherently superposed, thereby improving the contrast ratio of the observation target and the sky light background, improving the detection capability of the target, having no requirements on time period, equipment light input amount, light polarization state and spectrum, and greatly increasing the universality. The invention also provides two optical search telescopes and star sensors with the beneficial effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of searching and tracking of fixed stars or artificial targets, in particular to an celestial background noise suppressor, an optical searching telescope and a star sensor.
Background
Optical search and tracking is a widely used technique. The device can be used for precise pointing of laser beams, position and attitude keeping of a flying platform, high-precision tracking of a large-caliber photoelectric telescope and the like. Star tracking devices, commonly referred to as star sensors, acquire position and attitude information of an aircraft (satellites, etc.) by detecting the star field distribution over a large area.
The existing optical search tracking device is influenced by the sun and the sky light background, the detection time period, the detection capability and the measurement accuracy of the existing optical search tracking device are severely restricted, under the daytime sunshine environment, the detection capability of a dark and weak target is greatly reduced due to the sky light background noise caused by the reflection of the sun and the atmosphere, so that a method for effectively inhibiting the sky light background noise is needed, the existing method for inhibiting the sky light background noise mainly comprises a view field control method, a spectral filtering method and a polarization filtering method, and the existing method for inhibiting the sky light background noise has respective defects, and for the view field control method, the defect is that the view field is small, and the inhibition capability under the strong sky light background is poor; for the spectral filtering method, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to distinguish the spectral energy peaks of the target light and the skylight background when the target and the skylight background have similar spectra; for the polarization filtering method, the difference of the polarization states of the target light and the skylight background generally needs to be estimated in advance, and the difference of the polarization states changes along with the changes of the target orbit motion, the attitude, the solar altitude angle and the like, so the specific implementation is more complex and certain requirements are also provided for the application time interval and the scene.
Therefore, it is an urgent need to solve the problem of the art to find a method for suppressing background noise of sky light, which has strong versatility, strong contrast between the target and the background, high detection star, and the like, and is simple to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an skylight background noise suppressor, an optical searching telescope and a star sensor, which can be used in the existing optical searching telescope and the star sensor and solve the problems of poor universality, low target-background contrast, low detection star and the like and complex realization commonly existing in the existing optical detection system.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a skylight background noise suppressor, which includes a fixed component and a background suppression grating pair;
the fixing component is used for fixing the background suppression grating pair;
the background suppression grating pair comprises two diffraction gratings and is used for transversely shearing externally incident combined light, and the shearing amount of the transverse shearing is larger than the coherent area of the skylight background and smaller than the coherent area of the observation target.
Optionally, in the skylight background noise suppressor, the skylight background noise suppressor includes a plurality of coaxially disposed background suppression grating pairs.
Optionally, in the skylight background noise suppressor, the diffraction grating is a grating with a duty cycle of 1:1 in a single period.
Optionally, in the skylight background noise suppressor, a phase difference between the convex part and the concave part of the diffraction grating is pi.
Optionally, in the skylight background noise suppressor, the diffraction grating is a transmission grating.
Optionally, in the skylight background noise suppressor, the diffraction grating is a phase grating.
Optionally, in the skylight background noise suppressor, the diffraction grating is a lambertian grating.
An optical search telescope comprising an celestial background noise suppressor as claimed in any preceding claim.
Optionally, in the optical search telescope, an entrance pupil of the optical search telescope is not larger than a clear aperture of the diffraction grating;
the skylight background noise suppressor is sleeved outside the lens of the optical search telescope.
A star sensor comprising an optical search telescope as claimed in any preceding claim.
The sky light background noise suppressor provided by the invention comprises a fixed component and a background suppression grating pair; the fixing component is used for fixing the background suppression grating pair; the background suppression grating pair comprises two diffraction gratings and is used for transversely shearing externally incident combined light, and the shearing amount of the transverse shearing is larger than the coherent area of the skylight background and smaller than the coherent area of the observation target. The invention limits the shearing amount of the combined light after passing through the background inhibition grating, so that the light field of the observation target is coherently superposed, the light field of the sky light background cannot interfere, and only the light intensity is incoherently superposed, thereby greatly improving the specific gravity of the light of the observation target in the combined light, namely, the sky light background can be inhibited, and the detection capability of the dark and weak targets is improved. The invention also provides an example of applying the skylight background noise suppressor to the optical search telescope and the star sensor, which has the beneficial effects.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an skylight background noise suppressor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the background noise suppressor for sky light provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation of the background noise suppressor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the skylight background noise suppressor provided by the present invention when it includes multiple sets of background suppression grating pairs;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an optical search telescope according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the optical search telescope provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The core of the present invention is to provide a celestial light background noise suppressor, the structure diagram of one embodiment of which is shown in fig. 1, which is called as the first embodiment, and includes a fixed component 10 and a background suppression grating pair 20;
the fixing component 10 is used for fixing the background suppression grating pair 20;
the background suppression grating pair 20 includes two diffraction gratings for laterally shearing the externally incident combined light, and the shearing amount of the lateral shearing is greater than the coherent region of the celestial light background and smaller than the coherent region of the observation target.
The structure and schematic diagram of the skylight background noise suppressor provided by the invention are shown in fig. 3, and in fig. 3, it can be seen that a combined light beam 3 composed of a target 1 and a skylight background 2 is incident on a group of background suppression grating pairs 20. The background suppression grating pair 20 is composed of two gratings, the former grating divides the combined light 3 into two beams with different propagation directions by using diffraction effect, and the latter grating changes the two beams with different propagation directions into two parallel lights 5 and 6 which are both parallel to the combined light 3 by using diffraction effect again. The background suppression grating pair 20 implements a wavefront splitting and a transverse shearing of the combined light 3, i.e. two parallel lights 5 and 6 are formed which are laterally offset and can be superimposed by interference under certain conditions. The conditions of interference superposition are selected such that the light field amplitudes of the target light are coherently superposed, whereas the background of the sky light cannot interfere but the light intensity is non-coherently superposed. According to the principle of partially coherent light, the size of the target 1 is much smaller than the celestial light background 2, so that the coherent region 10 of the target 1 in the far field is much larger than the coherent region 8 of the celestial light background 2. The spacing of the two gratings in the background suppression grating pair 20 can be adjusted reasonably so that the shearing 7 (lateral offset) of the two parallel beams 5 and 6 is larger than the far-field coherence region 8 of the celestial background 2 and smaller than the far-field coherence region 10 of the target 1. When such conditions are met, the target light realizes coherent superposition of light fields, and the background of the sky light cannot interfere and only incoherent addition of light intensity can be realized. Suppose that the background suppression grating pair 20 is formedThe amplitude of the background light field of the sky light in the two parallel lights 5 and 6 is equal to E1And the target light field amplitudes are all equal to E2Then, the light intensity distribution 11 formed by coherent superposition of the object light is (E)2+E2)2＝4E2 2And the intensity distribution 9 formed by adding the intensity of the background light of the sky light is E1 2+E1 2＝2E1 2. It can be seen that, after passing through the background suppression grating pair 20, the light intensity ratio of the target light to the background of the sky light is 4E2 2/2E1 2＝2E2 2/E1 2. And the ratio of the intensity of the target light to the background of the sky light in the combined light incident on the pair of background suppression gratings 20 is (2E)2)2/(2E1)2＝E2 2/E1 2. By comparing the light intensity ratio of the target light before and after the background suppression grating pair 20 to the skylight background, the background suppression grating pair 20 can improve the specific gravity of the target light in the combined light and reduce the specific gravity of the skylight background, so that the skylight background can be suppressed and the detection capability of the dark and weak targets can be improved.
As shown in fig. 3, the background suppression grating pair 20 is composed of two diffraction gratings, and after the combined light 3 enters the first diffraction grating of the background suppression grating pair 20, a diffraction effect will occur, and a plurality of diffraction orders appear, and the present invention utilizes the ± 1 st order diffraction light of the first diffraction grating. The +/-1 st order diffraction light forms a small diffraction angle with the optical axis and is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the optical axis. When the + -1 st order diffracted light of the first diffraction grating is incident on the second diffraction grating, the centers of the two beams are separated due to the difference in the transmission direction. The +/-1 order diffraction light output by the first diffraction grating is diffracted in multiple orders again after passing through the second diffraction grating, wherein the +/-1 order diffraction light generated after the +/-1 order diffraction light passes through the second diffraction grating is parallel to the +/-1 order diffraction light generated after the +/-1 order diffraction light passes through the second diffraction grating. The two mutually parallel diffracted lights have their centers laterally displaced, called lateral shear. The magnitude of the amount of shear is related to the grating period, wavelength, and grating pair spacing, and after the grating period and wavelength are selected, the amount of shear increases as the diffraction grating pair spacing increases. In the technical scheme, the far-field coherent region of the celestial light background is far smaller than the target, so when the shearing quantity is selected to be larger than the coherent region of the celestial light background and smaller than the coherent region of the target, the celestial light background can only be subjected to incoherent addition of light intensity, the target light can be subjected to coherent superposition of light field amplitude and then the square of a module value is taken, and then, theoretically, the light intensity ratio of the target light to the celestial light background is improved to 2 times. Therefore, the device can restrain the sky light background and improve the detection capability of the dark and weak targets by only adopting one group of grating pairs.
The selection of the diffraction grating in the background suppression grating can theoretically select any grating which can ensure that the formed grating pair does not introduce the optical path difference of two shearing light beams, and as a preferred embodiment, the diffraction grating is a grating with the duty ratio of 1:1 and the phase difference of the convex part and the concave part of a single period of pi, so that the proportion of the sum of the energy of +/-1-order diffraction light (two light rays in different directions which are separated by one diffraction of the diffraction grating) in all diffraction light rays is about 80%, and the diffraction efficiency is very high.
Furthermore, the diffraction grating is a transmission grating, which can easily ensure the optical path difference of the two shearing beams output from the grating pair.
Furthermore, the diffraction grating is a phase grating which hardly absorbs the energy of the light beam, so that high energy utilization rate can be ensured.
And satisfy above-mentioned condition, have lower cost again, select the lambertian grating as the diffraction grating.
The sky light background noise suppressor provided by the invention comprises a fixed component 10 and a background suppression grating pair 20; the fixing component 10 is used for fixing the background suppression grating pair 20; the background suppression grating pair 20 includes two diffraction gratings for laterally shearing the externally incident combined light, and the shearing amount of the lateral shearing is greater than the coherent region of the celestial light background and smaller than the coherent region of the observation target. The invention limits the shearing amount of the combined light after passing through the background inhibition grating, so that the light field of the observation target is coherently superposed, the light field of the sky light background cannot interfere, and only the light intensity is incoherently superposed, thereby greatly improving the specific gravity of the light of the observation target in the combined light, namely, the sky light background can be inhibited, and the detection capability of the dark and weak targets is improved.
On the basis of the first embodiment, a plurality of background suppression grating pairs 20 are further provided, so as to obtain a second embodiment, a schematic structural diagram of which is shown in fig. 2 and includes a fixing component 10 and the background suppression grating pairs 20;
the fixing component 10 is used for fixing the background suppression grating pair 20;
the background suppression grating pair 20 comprises two diffraction gratings, and is used for transversely shearing externally incident combined light, wherein the shearing amount of the transverse shearing is greater than the coherent area of the skylight background and smaller than the coherent area of the observation target;
the skylight background noise suppressor includes a plurality of coaxially disposed background-suppression grating pairs 20.
If a plurality of groups of grating pairs are cascaded together, the light intensity ratio of the target light to the background of the sky light is theoretically improved to 2 times that of the former group when the combined light passes through one group of grating pair. After N groups of grating pairs, the light intensity ratio of the target light to the background of the sky light is theoretically improved to 2 of the initial combined lightNAnd (4) doubling. Therefore, the sunlight background can be greatly weakened by utilizing a plurality of groups of grating pairs which are cascaded in front and back, so that the aim of extracting dark and weak targets from the strong sunlight background is fulfilled. Therefore, in order to further suppress the background of the sky light, in the present embodiment, a plurality of background-suppression grating pairs 20 are cascaded together, and the ratio of the light intensity of the observation target to the light intensity of the background of the sky light can be increased by a multiple. In practical application, the cascade number (namely the logarithm of the background suppression grating) can be reasonably selected according to indexes such as relative brightness of the target and the sky light background, performance of the detector and the like.
The schematic diagram of the combined light passing through the background suppression grating pair 20 is shown in fig. 4, in the diagram, the combined light 3 is incident to the first group of background suppression grating pairs 21, is incident to the background suppression grating pair 22 after the wave splitting surface and shearing operation of the background suppression grating pairs 21, is incident to the next group of background suppression grating pairs after the wave splitting surface and shearing operation of the background suppression grating pairs 22 until the combined light is incident to the last group of background suppression grating pairs 2N, the natural light background in the output light 5 after passing through the grating pairs 2N is attenuated for multiple times, and the specific gravity in the output light is greatly reduced. When the proportion of the solar background is lower than that of the target light, the dim target can be detected.
The invention also provides an optical search telescope with the beneficial effects, which comprises the celestial background noise suppressor. The sky light background noise suppressor provided by the invention comprises a fixed component 10 and an enhanced grating pair 20; the fixing component 10 is used for fixing the enhanced grating pair 20; the enhancement grating pair 20 includes two diffraction gratings for laterally shearing the externally incident combined light, and the shearing amount of the lateral shearing is larger than the coherent region of the celestial light background and smaller than the coherent region of the observation target. The invention limits the shearing amount of the combined light after passing through the enhanced grating, so that the light field of the observation target is coherently superposed, the light field of the sky light background cannot interfere, and only the light intensity is incoherently superposed, thereby greatly improving the proportion of the light of the observation target in the combined light, namely restraining the sky light background, improving the detection capability of the dark and weak targets, in other words, improving the contrast of the observation target and the sky light background, and improving the precision.
As a preferred embodiment, in the optical search telescope, the entrance pupil of the optical search telescope is not larger than the clear aperture of the diffraction grating, and the schematic structural diagram is shown in fig. 5;
the skylight background noise suppressor is sleeved outside the lens of the optical search telescope.
The skylight background noise suppressor is sleeved outside the lens of the optical search telescope, so that the skylight background noise can be suppressed without changing the optical structure of the conventional optical search telescope, the refitting cost is greatly reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. The method can realize the discovery and tracking of the small dark and weak target of the large telescope in the whole day, the accurate pointing of the laser beam in the whole day, the attitude control of the aircraft in the whole day and the like.
Certainly, the background noise suppressor for celestial light provided by the present application can also be disposed inside the optical search telescope, and the schematic structural diagram is shown in fig. 6, and the light beam near the intermediate pupil plane is approximately parallel light and is generally beam-shrinking light, so that the present invention can achieve a better effect of suppressing the background of celestial light, and only a grating pair with a small clear aperture needs to be adopted to reduce the cost. In fig. 5 and 6, 16 is a beam shrinking telescope, 18 is an imaging lens, 19 is a detector, and 17 is a background noise suppressor for sky light provided by the present invention.
The invention also provides a star sensor with the beneficial effects, wherein the star sensor comprises the optical search telescope. The sky light background noise suppressor provided by the invention comprises a fixed component 10 and an enhanced grating pair 20; the fixing component 10 is used for fixing the enhanced grating pair 20; the enhancement grating pair 20 includes two diffraction gratings for laterally shearing the externally incident combined light, and the shearing amount of the lateral shearing is larger than the coherent region of the celestial light background and smaller than the coherent region of the observation target. The invention limits the shearing amount of the combined light after passing through the enhanced grating, so that the light field of the observation target is coherently superposed, the light field of the sky light background cannot interfere, and only the light intensity is incoherently superposed, thereby greatly improving the proportion of the light of the observation target in the combined light, namely restraining the sky light background, improving the detection capability of the dark and weak targets, in other words, improving the contrast of the observation target and the sky light background, and improving the precision.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
It is to be noted that, in the present specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The background noise suppressor for sky light provided by the present invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sky light background noise suppressor is characterized by comprising a fixed component and a background suppression grating pair;
the fixing component is used for fixing the background suppression grating pair;
the background suppression grating pair comprises two diffraction gratings and is used for transversely shearing externally incident combined light, and the shearing amount of the transverse shearing is larger than the coherent area of the skylight background and smaller than the coherent area of the observation target.
2. The celestial background noise suppressor of claim 1, wherein said celestial background noise suppressor comprises a plurality of coaxially disposed background suppression grating pairs.
3. The skylight background noise suppressor of claim 1, wherein the diffraction grating is a 1:1 duty cycle grating within a single period.
4. The skylight background noise suppressor of claim 3, wherein a phase difference between the protrusions and the depressions of said diffraction grating is pi.
5. The skylight background noise suppressor of claim 1, wherein said diffraction grating is a transmission grating.
6. The skylight background noise suppressor of claim 5, wherein said diffraction grating is a phase grating.
7. The skylight background noise suppressor of claim 6, wherein said diffraction grating is a Lambertian grating.
8. An optical search telescope, characterized in that it comprises an celestial background noise suppressor according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The optical search telescope of claim 8, wherein the optical search telescope has an entrance pupil that is no greater than the clear aperture of the diffraction grating;
the skylight background noise suppressor is sleeved outside the lens of the optical search telescope.
10. A star sensor characterized in that it comprises an optical search telescope according to claim 8 or 9.
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