CN112198548B - Two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter model building method - Google Patents
Two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter model building method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112198548B CN112198548B CN202011070698.6A CN202011070698A CN112198548B CN 112198548 B CN112198548 B CN 112198548B CN 202011070698 A CN202011070698 A CN 202011070698A CN 112198548 B CN112198548 B CN 112198548B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002939 conjugate gradient method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional unsteady convolution filtering model building method, which adopts an unsteady filtering rule noise suppression method to remove rule interference from seismic data, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic records, effectively recover underground reflection signals and enhance the capability of the seismic signals to reflect underground structures. The invention designs the filter by utilizing the local characteristics of the effective reflected wave, but not aiming at certain specific regular interference, so that the prior knowledge of the regular interference is not needed, and any regular interference with different apparent speed from the effective wave can be removed in a self-adaptive way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic data processing in oil and gas geophysical exploration, in particular to a two-dimensional unsteady convolution filtering model building method.
Background
In addition to the effective wave capable of reflecting the underground geological information, the seismic records collected in the field also contain regular interference, such as linear interference waves, surface waves, multiple waves and the like, which are generated by factors such as excitation, propagation, reception, near-surface conditions and the like of seismic waves. Regular noise severely affects the quality of the single shot, adversely affects subsequent data processing interpretation, and severely can cause structural artifacts to appear on the superimposed profile. Therefore, to meet the requirements of high resolution seismic exploration, regular noise must be removed, improving the data processing quality. The process of suppressing regular noise is a process of separating the effective signal from the linear noise while ensuring that the effective signal is not damaged.
Conventional regular noise suppression methods perform noise suppression and signal enhancement such as ablation, bandpass filtering, f-k filtering, radon transform, wavelet transform, etc., based on differences in frequency, apparent velocity, and propagation trajectory of the signal and noise. Implicit assumptions of such denoising methods are: (1) The noise is stable in space, and the time-distance curve of the noise meets a certain propagation track, such as linearity, hyperbola, parabola and the like; (2) the waveform characteristics and frequency characteristics of the noise are stable. In practical cases, however, the trace morphology and frequency characteristics of regular disturbances are not completely steady-state, either for the original single shot recording or for the trace set after dynamic correction. In contrast, the geometric and dynamic characteristics of noise vary point by point in spatial location, and appear spatially as non-stationary characteristics. This unsteady nature of the seismic signal has so far not been an accurate signal separation method, namely to eliminate regular interference without damaging the effective signal.
Currently, two-dimensional filtering is the main method for suppressing regular noise, and it performs signal separation according to the difference between regular noise and effective signal apparent velocity and frequency. However, the filtering method based on the two-dimensional Fourier transform has the biggest defect that the filter cannot change with time and space, so that the seismic data processing personnel cannot suppress noise according to the local characteristics of the seismic data. For example, conventional f-k filtering cannot adapt to unsteady characteristics of the seismic signals in time and space when suppressing regular noise, so that original effective reflected waves are inevitably destroyed, and the application of the conventional f-k filtering to seismic signal processing is greatly impaired.
Disclosure of Invention
To better suppress regular disturbances, the unsteady state characteristics of the seismic signal need to be considered, and an unsteady state filter is designed to separate the signal from regular noise. Therefore, the invention provides a two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter model building method, which allows the filter to change point by point along time and space, and does not limit the type and changing mode of the two-dimensional filter. The method avoids the problem of effective signal damage caused by the overlapping of effective signals and regular interference in the f-k domain, and improves the noise suppression effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter model building method comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating root mean square velocity information H of the underground sound wave;
s2: obtaining the apparent velocity V of any point of the same phase axis on the common shot point gather by utilizing H obtained by S1 X ；
S3: according to V X Design of non-steady state sector filter h P ；
S4: h according to S3 P Self-adaptive band-pass cake-cut filter h is designed X ；
S5: and calculating by a two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter formula to obtain the seismic data yX with the regular noise removed.
In particular, the step S1 further comprises acquiring seismic data.
Specifically, the acquired seismic data is described as s i (t), i=1, 2, … n, where n is the number of seismic traces.
Specifically, the root mean square velocity information H is described as v (tj), where j=1, 2,3, …, N; wherein N is the number of seismic traces.
Specifically, the viewing velocity VX is expressed as v (t, x),
specifically, the unstable sector filter hP is described as hP (t, x),wherein f Nr Is the cut-off frequency, v r Is the cut-off view rate.
Specifically, the band-pass cut cake filter hX is described as h (t, x),wherein f Nl 、f Nh Respectively represent low and high cut-off frequencies, v l ～v h Indicating the effective signal view velocity pass band of the filter.
Specifically, the seismic data yX is described as y (t, x),
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter model building method adopts an unsteady filtering regular noise suppression method, regular interference is removed from seismic data, the signal to noise ratio of the seismic records is improved, underground reflection signals are effectively recovered, and the capability of the seismic signals for reflecting underground structures is enhanced. The invention designs the filter by utilizing the local characteristics of the effective reflected wave, but not aiming at certain specific regular interference, so that the prior knowledge of the regular interference is not needed, and any regular interference with different apparent speed from the effective wave can be removed in a self-adaptive way.
Drawings
Fig. 1: process flow diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2: seismic recording with regular noise
Fig. 3: seismic recording after regular noise removal by conventional f-k filtering
Fig. 4: seismic record after regular noise removal by two-dimensional unsteady filtering
Fig. 5: regular noise removed by conventional f-k filtering
Fig. 6: regular noise removal using two-dimensional unsteady state filtering
Fig. 7: seismic recording of actual seismic survey acquisitions
Fig. 8: the invention removes the result of regular noise
Fig. 9: the invention removes regular noise.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
(1) Acquisition of seismic data s using seismic exploration techniques i (t), i=1, 2, … n, where n is the number of seismic traces, as shown in fig. 2, containing 5 reflected effective signals and 6 regular disturbances;
(2) Obtaining underground root mean square velocity information v (t) j )，j＝1，...，N；
(3) Using the formulaThe apparent velocity v (t, x) of any point of the same phase axis on the common shot point gather is obtained, and the conjugate gradient method can be used for quick solving;
(4) According to the obtained apparent velocity v (t, x), an unsteady sector filter is designed:
wherein f Nr Is the cut-off frequency, v r Is the cut-off view rate.
(5) According to the designed unsteady state fan-shaped filter, a self-adaptive band-pass cake-cut filter is designed
Wherein f Nl 、f Nh Respectively represent low and high cut-off frequencies, v l ～v h Indicating the apparent velocity passband of the filter.
(6) The seismic data after removing the regular noise is calculated by a two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter formula, as shown in fig. 4:
fig. 3 and 4 are results of denoising the model in fig. 2 by using a conventional two-dimensional steady-state f-k filtering method and the present method, respectively, and fig. 5 and 6 are noise obtained by using a conventional two-dimensional steady-state f-k filtering method and the present invention, respectively. By contrast, the present invention fully utilizes the local characteristics of the effective signals, and adaptively selects different filters for each point in space, so that the effective signals are retained to the maximum extent while regular interference is removed, as shown in fig. 6. The conventional method uses the same filter for the whole section, so that the apparent velocities of different spatial positions cannot be distinguished, and the effective wave and the linear interference apparent velocity are partially overlapped because the in-phase axis slope of the reflected wave at the offset is larger than the minimum value of the given linear interference in-phase axis slope, so that the effective signal is inevitably damaged when the interference is removed, as shown in fig. 5.
The embodiment is to test the feasibility of the new invention by using the pre-stack seismic data of a certain oil field block at the east. The original pre-stack section is shown in fig. 7 with a spatial sampling interval of 50m, a minimum offset of 40m, and a temporal sampling rate of 2ms. In the single shot recording, noise is mainly regular interference such as surface wave and linear interference, so that the filter at each point is set as a cake-cut filter. The high and low cut-off frequencies of the filter are 150Hz and 17Hz respectively, and the passband of the viewing speed is (0.8 v-1.2 v), where v represents the viewing speed of the filter at any point.
As shown in FIG. 8, after the processing of the method, the surface wave in the original seismic data is thoroughly eliminated, the effective signal is highlighted, and the phase axis of the reflected wave becomes clear. In addition, the method removes the regular noise, meanwhile, the effective signal is not damaged, and no obvious effective signal residue exists in the removed regular interference, as shown in fig. 9.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, and modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter model building method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating root mean square velocity information H of the underground sound wave; the step S1 is preceded by obtaining seismic data; the acquired seismic data is recorded as s i (t), i=1, 2, … n, where n is the number of seismic traces; the root mean square velocity information H is described as v (tj), where j=1, 2,3, …, N; wherein N is the number of seismic traces;
s2: obtaining the apparent velocity V of any point of the same phase axis on the common shot point gather by utilizing H obtained by S1 X The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The viewing speed V X Described as v (t, x),
s3: according to V X Design of non-steady state sector filter h P The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The non-steady state sector filter h P Described as h P (t,x),
Wherein f Nr Is the cut-off frequency, v r Is the cut-off viewing speed;
s4: h according to S3 P Self-adaptive band-pass cake-cut filter h is designed X ；
S5: the seismic data y with the regular noise removed is calculated by a two-dimensional unsteady convolution filtering formula X 。
2. The method for building the two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the band-pass cake-cut filter h X Described as h (t, x),
wherein f Nl 、f Nh Respectively represent low and high cut-off frequencies, v l ～v h Indicating the effective signal view velocity pass band of the filter.
3. The method for building the two-dimensional unsteady convolution filter model according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the seismic data y X Described as y (t, x);
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4254480A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1981-03-03 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Frequency independent directionally sensitive array in seismic surveying |
| CN1306621A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2001-08-01 | 施鲁博格控股有限公司 | Adaptive seismic noise and interference attenuation method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010051332A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | A seismic image filtering machine to generate a filtered seismic image, program products, and related methods |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4254480A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1981-03-03 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Frequency independent directionally sensitive array in seismic surveying |
| CN1306621A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2001-08-01 | 施鲁博格控股有限公司 | Adaptive seismic noise and interference attenuation method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Two-dimensional nonstationary convolutional filtering and an adaptive linear interference suppression method;Haoqi Zhao 等;SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting;4710-4714 * |
| 组合F-K滤波器;李克沛 等;石油地球物理勘探;第23卷(第3期);359-364 * |
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