CN112197865A - Estimation method and system for observation brightness temperature data error of satellite-borne microwave radiometer - Google Patents
Estimation method and system for observation brightness temperature data error of satellite-borne microwave radiometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for estimating the error of observed brightness temperature data of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a group of atmospheric profiles covering the observation bright temperature data area of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer through numerical prediction mode prediction, and carrying out interpolation to obtain the observation bright temperature T of the satellite-borne microwave radiometerA(ii) a Sending the atmospheric profile parameters output by the numerical prediction mode into various different RT modes to obtain the radiation transmission RT mode simulated brightness temperature T matched with the observed brightness temperature space-timeB(ii) a Establishing an equation based on a mathematical model for simulating the O-B error of the observed bright temperature and the statistical data to carry out error item separation solution, and calculating to obtain the observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer; and quantitatively evaluating the quality of the observed brightness and temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer by solving the estimated observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer. Book (I)The real error of the observed brightness temperature of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is separated and estimated from the O-B error, and the estimation precision of the quality of the observed brightness temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave remote sensing and detection, and particularly relates to a method and a system for estimating an error of observed brightness temperature data of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
Background
Atmospheric temperature and humidity are important parameters affecting global weather and climate change. The disastrous weather such as tropical storm, typhoon and the like brings huge life and property loss to multiple countries every year, so that the atmospheric temperature and humidity detection plays an increasingly important role in the research of global weather forecast. The satellite-borne multi-frequency microwave radiometer is generally adopted to realize global atmospheric detection, and can detect spatial meteorological data such as vertical distribution, water vapor content, precipitation and the like of global atmospheric temperature and humidity all day long and all weather, thereby playing an important role in atmospheric detection.
The core of microwave atmospheric detection is quantification. For brightness temperature data observed by a satellite-borne microwave radiometer, brightness temperature accuracy, namely, an observed brightness temperature error is the most important index. The essence of the observed bright temperature data of the radiometer is a numerical matrix corresponding to the microwave remote sensing bright temperature image, but the observation error estimation has the difficulty that the true bright temperature value corresponding to each observation pixel is unknown, so that the precision evaluation key of the observed bright temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is to obtain high-quality reference contrast data and quantitatively evaluate the quality of the observed bright temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer through error statistics. At present, the mainstream precision evaluation scheme in the field is to compare observed brightness temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer with Radiation Transmission (RT) mode simulated brightness temperature data, calculate an O-B difference value, and evaluate the error of the observed brightness temperature of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer by using statistical parameters of the O-B difference value. However, the O-B-based evaluation method for the observed brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer has the main problems that the O-B error of the observed brightness temperature and the simulated brightness temperature is actually formed by three error items, namely an atmospheric parameter error input by an RT mode, an RT model calculation error and an observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, and the three error items cannot be separated from an O-B difference value in the prior art, so that the real data error of the observed brightness temperature of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer cannot be estimated, and the precision evaluation performance of the observed brightness temperature is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides an estimation method for the data error of the observed bright temperature of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, and aims to carry out error separation research based on a mathematical model for observing the bright temperature and simulating the bright temperature difference and statistical data, so that the real observed bright temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is estimated and obtained, and the precision of the observed bright temperature of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer can be quantitatively evaluated more accurately.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an estimation method for an observed brightness temperature data error of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer, including:
based on the re-analysis data of the weather, a group of atmospheric profiles covering the observation bright temperature data area of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer are obtained through numerical forecasting mode forecasting; interpolating the obtained original atmospheric profile to ensure that the atmospheric profile obtained after interpolation and the satellite-borne microwave radiometer observe the brightness temperature TAThe number of pixels is the same;
sending the atmospheric profile obtained by interpolation into an RT mode 1, an RT mode 2 and an RT mode 3 to respectively obtain three groups of RT mode simulated bright temperatures T with the same observed bright temperature channel frequencyB1、TB2And TB3(ii) a Carrying out error factor separation based on a mathematical model and statistical data of observation and simulation of bright temperature difference of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer to obtain three error items of observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, input atmospheric parameter error and RT mode calculation error;
and quantitatively evaluating the quality of the observed brightness temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to the separated observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
Further, the error separation model is composed of three independent O-B equations, and the real observation brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is solved based on the error separation model.
Further, the construction of the error separation model specifically includes:
(1) listing the satellite-borne microwave observation brightness temperature T of the satellite-borne microwave radiometerASimulating the brightness temperature T with the RT modeBThe mathematical expression of (a);
(2) the difference between the observed bright temperature of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer and the simulated bright temperature in an RT mode is calculated, and certain mathematical transformation is used to convert O-B (observed bright temperature T)AReduced simulated light temperature TB) Visually representing the components of the difference;
(3) and analyzing the frequency spectrum characteristic of the O-B error, establishing an error separation model, and performing error separation.
Further, the satellite-borne microwave radiometer in the step (1) observes the brightness temperature TASimulating the brightness temperature T with the RT modeBThe mathematical expression (c) is specifically:
TB＝RTx(xt+Δx)；RTtrefers to the true atmospheric radiation transmission mode, xtThe method refers to the real atmospheric profile, the Deltax refers to the deviation introduced by the atmospheric profile parameters predicted by using a WRF (weather Research and Forecast model) numerical prediction mode, and HmObservation model of finger-borne microwave radiometer system, noisemNoise, RT, of finger borne microwave radiometer systemxRefers to a certain microwave radiation transmission mode selected.
Further, the mathematical transformation in the step (2) is specifically: 1) when Δ x is sufficiently small, there is RTt(xt+Δx)＝RTt(xt)+RTt(Δx)＝RTt(xt)+ΔTBxb(ii) a 2) Let Delta TBx＝RTx(xt+Δx)-RTt(xt+Δx)。
Further, the mathematical expression of O-B in step (2) is specifically:
the difference can be divided into three parts, namely observation error terms of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer
Inputting an atmospheric parameter error term delta TBxbAnd RT mode calculation error term Δ TBx。
Further, the error separation model in the step (3) is specifically: ax ═ b, where,
x＝(x1，x2，x3，x4，x5)T，b＝(b1，b2，b3)T(ii) a In the x-column vector, x1Observation error term of finger-borne microwave radiometer
x2～x4Means that three RT modes calculate error term delta TB1、ΔTB2And Δ TB3，x5Input atmospheric parameter error term delta TBxb(ii) a b in the column vector of b1～b3The calculated O-B error values are respectively obtained under the brightness temperature of three RT modes.
Further, the solution obtained by error separation in step (3) is a least square solution, specifically: x is AT(AAT)-1。
The invention provides an estimation system for observing brightness temperature data errors of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer, which comprises the following components:
TAthe acquisition module is used for acquiring a group of original atmospheric profiles covering a brightness temperature data area observed by the satellite-borne microwave radiometer through numerical forecasting mode forecasting based on meteorological reanalysis data, and interpolating the acquired original atmospheric profiles so that the atmospheric profiles acquired after interpolation and the brightness temperature T observed by the satellite-borne microwave radiometerAThe number of pixels is the same;
TBan obtaining module, configured to send the atmospheric profile obtained by interpolation into a radiation transmission RT mode, so as to obtain an RT mode simulated bright temperature T with the same observed bright temperature channel frequencyB；
An error acquisition module for T-basedAAnd TBCarrying out error factor separation on a mathematical model of the error and statistical data to obtain an observation brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer;
and the error evaluation module is used for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the observed brightness temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to the separated observed brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
the technical scheme provided by the invention can effectively separate three errors, namely an input atmospheric parameter error, an RT model calculation error and a radiometer observation error, on the basis of an O-B scheme, and independently estimate the observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, thereby effectively improving the precision of the quality evaluation of the observed brightness temperature of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of a method embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is an observed luminance and temperature image of 50.3GHz band of FY3D-MWTS radiometer in example 1 of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a simulated brightness temperature image of DOTLRT at 50.3GHz band of FY3D-MWTS radiometer in embodiment 1 of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2(c) is a simulated brightness temperature image of the 50.3GHz band CRTM of the FY3D-MWTS radiometer in example 1 of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2(d) is a simulated light temperature image of the FY3D-MWTS radiometer 50.3GHz band RTTOV in example 1 of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a comparative histogram of the radiometer observed error versus the OMB error for the FY3D-MWTS radiometer separation in example 1 of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides an estimation method for an observed brightness temperature data error of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer, which comprises the following steps:
based on the re-analysis data of the weather, a group of atmospheric profiles covering the observation bright temperature data area of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer are obtained through numerical forecasting mode forecasting; interpolating the obtained original atmospheric profile to ensure that the atmospheric profile obtained after interpolation and the satellite-borne microwave radiometer observe the brightness temperature TAThe number of pixels is the same;
obtained by interpolationThe atmospheric profile is sent into an RT mode 1, an RT mode 2 and an RT mode 3, and three groups of RT mode simulated bright temperatures T with the same observed bright temperature channel frequency are obtained respectivelyB1、TB2And TB3(ii) a Carrying out error factor separation based on a mathematical model and statistical data of observation and simulation of bright temperature difference of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer to obtain three error items of observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, input atmospheric parameter error and RT mode calculation error;
and quantitatively evaluating the quality of the observed brightness temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to the separated observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
The error separation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is based on the difference between observed and simulated brightness temperature, aims to improve the precision of evaluating the brightness temperature data observed by the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, can effectively separate the O-B total error, and independently estimates the observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer. In this example, the observed brightness temperature of the MWTS radiometer of the FY3D polar orbiting meteorological satellite at 0 point 24 points on 8 days 7 and 8 months 2018 is taken as an example.
Downloading FNL historical atmospheric reanalysis data, selecting an observed bright temperature scene with 24 minutes at 0 point of 8 days in 7 months in 2018 by an FY3D meteorological satellite MWTS radiometer, inputting the scene into a WRF (weather Research and Forecast model) numerical prediction mode to calculate atmospheric state parameters including temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, water vapor, ice, aragonite, snow, rain, cloud water and the like, setting the size of an area grid to be 300 x 300 in the verification process, setting the grid resolution to be 15km x 15km, and vertically layering an atmospheric profile to be 59.
And secondly, interpolating the atmospheric parameters output by the WRF according to the MWTS observation scene longitude and latitude and the grid size, converting the atmospheric parameters into grids with the size of 90 x 180, inputting the interpolated atmospheric profile parameters into three microwave radiation transmission modes (DOTLRT, CRTM and RTTOV), setting the simulation center frequency, the number of cloud scattering particle types to be 5 and the number of aerosol particle types to be 0, and performing to obtain three groups of simulated bright temperatures, wherein the simulated bright temperature images are respectively shown in (b) to (d) in fig. 2.
And thirdly, establishing an error separation model and carrying out error separation. The mathematical expression of O-B is specifically as follows:
it can be seen that the O-B error is composed of three parts, namely, an observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer, a calculation error of the RT mode, and an atmospheric parameter error, and the separation equation set is composed of three O-B equations of the RT mode, including five error terms to be solved (three RT mode calculation errors, an observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer), and the separation model is as follows: the x is equal to the b, and the x is equal to the b,
in the formula
x＝(x1，x2，x3，x4，x5)T，b＝(b1，b2，b3)T(ii) a In the x-column vector, x1Observation error term of finger-borne microwave radiometer
x2～x4Respectively refer to three RT modes to calculate an error term delta TBDOTLRT、ΔTBCRTMAnd Δ TBRTTOV，x5Input atmospheric parameter error term delta TBxb(ii) a b in the column vector of b1～b3Respectively obtaining O-B error values by calculation under the bright temperature of three RT modes; and (3) obtaining a least square solution by the error difference dissociation, specifically: x is AT(AAT)-1b; the error separation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The observation error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is a key index for evaluating the observed brightness and temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the observation errors of the satellite-borne microwave radiometers separated on each channel of MWTS are smaller than the O-B error value, and the variation trends of the two are consistent, which is in line with the theoretical expectation, and thus, the separation result is in line with the actual observation and has high reliability.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for estimating errors of observed brightness and temperature data of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
based on the re-analysis data of the weather, a group of original atmospheric profiles covering the observation bright temperature data area of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is obtained through numerical prediction mode prediction, the obtained original atmospheric profiles are interpolated, and the atmospheric profiles obtained after interpolation and the observation bright temperature T of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer are enabled to be obtainedAThe number of pixels is the same;
sending the atmospheric profile obtained after interpolation into a radiation transmission RT mode to obtain an RT mode simulated brightness temperature T with the same frequency as the observed brightness temperature channelB；
Based on TAAnd TBCarrying out error factor separation on the error model to obtain an observation brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer;
and quantitatively evaluating the quality of the observed brightness temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer by using the separated observed brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
2. The method for estimating the observed brightness temperature data error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 1, wherein the error factor separation model is composed of three independent O-B equations, and the real observed brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer is solved based on the three independent O-B equations, wherein O-B represents the observed brightness temperature T of the satellite-borne microwave radiometerASimulating the brightness temperature T with the RT modeBThe difference of (a).
3. The method for estimating the observed brightness and temperature data error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 2, wherein the construction of the error factor separation model specifically comprises:
(1) listing the observed brightness temperature T of the satellite-borne microwave radiometerASimulating the brightness temperature T with the RT modeBIs shown inAn expression;
(2) observing the brightness temperature T by a satellite-borne microwave radiometerASimulating the brightness temperature T with the RT modeBMaking a difference and carrying out mathematical transformation to obtain an O-B error;
(3) and analyzing the spectral characteristics of the O-B errors, and performing error separation.
4. The method for estimating the observed brightness temperature data error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 3, wherein the observed brightness temperature T of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer in the step (1)ASimulating the brightness temperature T with the RT modeBThe mathematical expression (c) is specifically:
TB＝RTx(xt+Δx)
wherein, RTtRefers to the true atmospheric radiation transmission mode, xtRefers to the real atmospheric profile, Deltax refers to the deviation introduced by the atmospheric profile parameters predicted by using the WRF numerical prediction mode, HmObservation model of finger-borne microwave radiometer system, noisemNoise, RT, of finger borne microwave radiometer systemxRefers to the selected microwave radiation transmission mode.
5. The method for estimating the observed brightness and temperature data error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 3, wherein the mathematical transformation in the step (2) is specifically as follows:
RTt(xt+Δx)＝RTt(xt)+RTt(Δx)＝RTt(xt)+ΔTBxb
ΔTBx＝RTx(xt+Δx)-RTt(xt+Δx)
wherein, RTtRefers to the true atmospheric radiation transmission mode, xtRefers to the true atmospheric profile, Δ x refers to the deviation introduced by the atmospheric profile parameters predicted using the WRF numerical prediction mode, RTxMicrowave for finger useA radiation transmission mode.
6. The method for estimating the observed brightness and temperature data error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 3, wherein the mathematical expression of O-B in the step (2) is specifically as follows:
the difference is divided into three parts, namely observation error terms of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer
Inputting an atmospheric parameter error term delta TBxbAnd RT mode calculation error term Δ TBx，
Wherein, RTtRefers to the true atmospheric radiation transmission mode, xtRefers to the real atmospheric profile, Deltax refers to the deviation introduced by the atmospheric profile parameters predicted by using the WRF numerical prediction mode, HmObservation model of finger-borne microwave radiometer system, noisemNoise, RT, of finger borne microwave radiometer systemxRefers to a certain microwave radiation transmission mode selected.
7. The method for estimating the observed brightness and temperature data error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 3, wherein the error separation model in the step (3) is specifically: ax ═ b, where,
x＝(x1，x2，x3，x4，x5)T，b＝(b1，b2，b3)T(ii) a In the x-column vector, x1Observation error term of finger-borne microwave radiometer
x2～x4Respectively refer to three RT modes to calculate an error term delta TB1、ΔTB2And Δ TB3，x5Input atmospheric parameter error term delta TBxb(ii) a b in the column vector of b1～b3The calculated O-B error values are respectively obtained under the brightness temperature of three RT modes.
8. The method for estimating the observed brightness temperature data error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 7, wherein the solution obtained by the error separation in the step (3) is a least square solution, specifically: x is AT(AAT)-1b。
9. An estimation system for observing brightness and temperature data errors of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer is characterized by comprising the following components:
TAthe acquisition module is used for acquiring a group of original atmospheric profiles covering a brightness temperature data area observed by the satellite-borne microwave radiometer through numerical forecasting mode forecasting based on meteorological reanalysis data, and interpolating the acquired original atmospheric profiles so that the atmospheric profiles acquired after interpolation and the brightness temperature T observed by the satellite-borne microwave radiometerAThe number of pixels is the same;
TBan obtaining module, configured to send the atmospheric profile obtained by interpolation into a radiation transmission RT mode, so as to obtain an RT mode simulated bright temperature T with the same observed bright temperature channel frequencyB；
An error acquisition module for T-basedAAnd TBCarrying out error factor separation on a mathematical model of the error and statistical data to obtain an observation brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer;
and the error evaluation module is used for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the observed brightness temperature data of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to the separated observed brightness temperature error of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer.
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