CN112192320A - Device and method for detecting maximum deformation of workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining - Google Patents

Device and method for detecting maximum deformation of workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining Download PDF

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CN112192320A
CN112192320A CN202011013856.4A CN202011013856A CN112192320A CN 112192320 A CN112192320 A CN 112192320A CN 202011013856 A CN202011013856 A CN 202011013856A CN 112192320 A CN112192320 A CN 112192320A
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workpiece
numerical control
connecting rod
displacement
maximum deformation
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CN112192320B (en
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周微
宗玉
郭靖
祁燕斌
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Yili Technician Training Institute
Changzhou Vocational Institute of Mechatronic Technology
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Changzhou Vocational Institute of Mechatronic Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/20Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness

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Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for detecting the maximum deformation of a workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining, and belongs to the field of numerical control machining. The problem of current processing work piece, the radial deformation that the work piece produced can't be measured is solved. It includes top, the connecting rod, the second supporter, first displacement detecting element, first supporter, a controller, base and second displacement detecting element, connecting rod one end and top fixed connection, the other end and first supporter fixed connection, the second supporter is located between top and the first supporter, and with connecting rod fixed connection, second supporter bottom is passed through elastomeric element and is linked to each other with the base, first supporter bottom links to each other with the base through the pivot, first supporter is the same with second supporter supporting height, first displacement detecting element is located between first supporter and the second supporter, and with connecting rod fixed connection, second displacement detecting element fixed connection is in the bottom of second supporter. The method is mainly used for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in machining.

Description

Device and method for detecting maximum deformation of workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of numerical control machining, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting the maximum deformation of a workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining.
Background
With the continuous development of numerical control machining technology, four-axis numerical control machine tools are more and more widely applied. When the four-axis machine tool is used for machining a workpiece, the workpiece is cut by utilizing the rotation of the numerical control milling cutter. In the machining process, the workpiece is subjected to cutting force of a cutter to generate radial deformation, so that the machining precision is greatly influenced. Therefore, an online detection device is urgently needed to detect the maximum deformation of the workpiece and provide data support for real-time dynamic compensation of the tool.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for detecting the maximum deformation of a workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a device for detecting the maximum deformation of a workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine processing comprises a centre, a connecting rod, a second support body, a first displacement detection unit, a first support body, a controller, a base and a second displacement detection unit, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the tip, the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the first supporting body, the second supporting body is positioned between the tip and the first supporting body, and is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, the bottom of the second supporting body is connected with the base through an elastic component, the bottom of the first supporting body is connected with the base through a rotating shaft, the first support body and the second support body have the same support height, the first displacement detection unit is positioned between the first support body and the second support body, and with connecting rod fixed connection, second displacement detecting element fixed connection is in the bottom of second supporter, first displacement detecting element and second displacement detecting element all are connected with the controller communication.
Furthermore, the first displacement detection unit and the second displacement detection unit are both eddy current sensors, the first displacement detection unit is a first eddy current sensor, and the second displacement detection unit comprises a second eddy current sensor and a third eddy current sensor.
Furthermore, the second eddy current sensor and the third eddy current sensor are symmetrical about the projection of the connecting rod axis on the horizontal plane, and the straight line formed by the second eddy current sensor and the third eddy current sensor is perpendicular to the projection of the connecting rod axis on the horizontal plane.
Furthermore, the first displacement detection unit and the second displacement detection unit are in communication connection with a wireless transmitter, the wireless transmitter is in communication connection with the controller, and the wireless transmitter is connected with the battery.
Furthermore, the second support body is connected with the elastic component through a telescopic support part.
Further, the controller is connected to a display.
Further, the tip is a replaceable live tip.
Further, the elastic member is a spring.
Furthermore, the controller is an 89C52 type single chip microcomputer.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in the four-axis numerical control machine tool machining process, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the center is connected with the workpiece, and the workpiece deforms under the action of cutting force to drive the center and the connecting rod to generate displacement h;
step two: measuring the distance L between the workpiece and the second support1Measuring the distance L between the second support and the first support2
Step three: the displacement of the connecting rod is detected to be b by the first displacement detection unit, and the displacement of the second support is detected to be a by the second displacement detection unit;
step four: using a formula
Figure BDA0002697306280000021
And calculating the maximum deformation of the workpiece, wherein h is the maximum deformation of the workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention solves the problem that the radial deformation of the workpiece cannot be measured when the workpiece is machined in the prior art. According to the invention, the maximum radial deformation of the workpiece is indirectly measured by using the high-precision eddy current displacement sensor and the corresponding structural form, so that data support is provided for error compensation of a numerical control machine tool cutter, and the processing precision of the workpiece is ensured. The detection device can accurately detect the deformation of the four-axis numerical control machine tool workpiece on line, the double electric eddy current sensors are arranged at one end close to the center, so that the detection precision can be improved, the real-time performance of the controller is good, the detection result is clear, and data support is provided for the tool error compensation of high-precision four-axis numerical control machining. Data acquisition, filtering, calculation and the like are completed by programming software, and the method has the advantages of good reliability, wide application and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the bending deformation of a four-axis numerical control machining workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a device for detecting the maximum deformation of a workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the measurements described in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for detecting the maximum deformation of a workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine processing according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a main program of the controller according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the controller of the present invention collecting the detection data of each eddy current sensor in real time;
fig. 7 is a diagram of the relationship between the center and the initial position of the workpiece according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a diagram of the position of the point according to the present invention when inserted into a workpiece;
fig. 9 is an electrical schematic diagram of the controller hardware according to the present invention.
1-top, 2-connecting rod, 3-second support, 4-first displacement detection unit, 5-first support, 6-controller, 7-wireless transmitter, 8-battery, 9-rotating shaft, 10-base, 11-support nail, 12-second displacement detection unit, 13-elastic component, 14-telescopic support, 15-milling cutter, 16-clamp and 17-workpiece.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-9 to illustrate the present embodiment, a device for detecting the maximum deformation of a workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine processing comprises a tip 1, a connecting rod 2, a second supporting body 3, a first displacement detecting unit 4, a first supporting body 5, a controller 6, a base 10 and a second displacement detecting unit 12, wherein one end of the connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected with the tip 1, the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the first supporting body 5, the second supporting body 3 is positioned between the tip 1 and the first supporting body 5 and is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 2, the bottom of the second supporting body 3 is connected with the base 10 through an elastic component 13, the bottom of the first supporting body 5 is connected with the base 10 through a rotating shaft 9, the supporting heights of the first supporting body 5 and the second supporting body 3 are the same, the first displacement detecting unit 4 is positioned between the first supporting body 5 and the second supporting body 3 and is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 2, the second displacement detection unit 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second support body 3, and the first displacement detection unit 4 and the second displacement detection unit 12 are both in communication connection with the controller 6.
As shown in fig. 1, when a four-axis machine tool machines a workpiece, a workpiece 17 is fixed by a jig 16, and during cutting of the workpiece 17 by the rotation of the nc milling cutter 15 itself, the workpiece 17 receives a cutting force of the nc milling cutter 15 to generate an axial deformation h, and a maximum radial deformation amount of the workpiece 17 is detected by a detection device shown in fig. 2. The first displacement detection unit 4 and the second displacement detection unit 12 are both eddy current sensors, the first displacement detection unit 4 is a first eddy current sensor, the second displacement detection unit 12 comprises a second eddy current sensor and a third eddy current sensor, the second eddy current sensor and the third eddy current sensor are symmetrical about the projection of the axis of the connecting rod 2 on the horizontal plane, the straight line formed by the second eddy current sensor and the third eddy current sensor is perpendicular to the projection of the axis of the connecting rod 2 on the horizontal plane, the first displacement detection unit 4 and the second displacement detection unit 12 are both in communication connection with the wireless transmitter 7, the wireless transmitter 7 is in communication connection with the controller 6, the wireless transmitter 7 is connected with a battery 8, the battery 8 is used for supplying power to the wireless transmitter (7), the second support 3 is connected with the elastic component 13 through the telescopic support 14 and is used for adjusting the height of the second support 3, the controller 6 is connected with a display and used for displaying the maximum deformation of the workpiece 17, the center 1 is a replaceable live center, the elastic part 13 is a spring, the controller is an 89C52 type single chip microcomputer, and the bottom of the base 10 is provided with a support nail 11 for supporting the whole device structure.
The embodiment is a method for detecting the maximum deformation of a workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine processing, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the center 1 is connected with a workpiece 17, and the workpiece 17 deforms under the cutting force to drive the center 1 and the connecting rod 2 to generate displacement h;
step two: measuring the distance L between the workpiece 17 and the second support 31Measuring the distance L between the second support 3 and the first support 52
Step three: the displacement of the connecting rod 2 is detected as b by the first displacement detecting unit 4, and the displacement of the second supporting body 3 is detected as a by the second displacement detecting unit 12;
step four: using a formula
Figure BDA0002697306280000041
The maximum deformation of the workpiece 17 is calculated, where h is the maximum deformation of the workpiece 17.
When the detection device works, the replaceable live center is connected with the workpiece 17, the workpiece 17 is deformed by cutting force to drive the center 1 and the connecting rod 2 to generate displacement h, the second displacement detection unit 12 can detect the small position variation of the second support body 3, the small position variation is output in a current mode, and the controller 6 converts the displacement variation through a program after detecting the current variation. In order to improve the detection precision and compensate for the left-right imbalance error, two eddy current sensors are designed for the second support body 3, namely the second eddy current sensor and the third eddy current sensor. The two sensors detect the position change of the second support body 3, and then average the detection values to obtain the displacement a. Similarly, the first displacement detecting unit 4, i.e. the first eddy current sensor, detects the displacement variation b of the connecting rod 2, which is known as the prior artThe member 17 is at a distance L from the second support body 31Knowing that the second support 3 is at a distance L from the first support 52According to the similar triangle principle, the maximum deformation h of the workpiece 17 can be calculated, and the detection data of the eddy current sensor is sent to the controller 6 through the wireless transmitter 7.
The specific calculation can be derived from the similar triangle properties:
Figure BDA0002697306280000042
finishing to obtain:
Figure BDA0002697306280000043
wherein a is1The detected quantity of the second eddy current sensor is obtained; a is2The detected quantity of the third eddy current sensor; a is the average value of the detection quantity of the second support body; b is the detection quantity of the first eddy current sensor; l is1The distance between the workpiece and the second support body; l is2The distance between the second support body and the first support body; h is the maximum deformation of the workpiece.
The in-service deformation data and related measurement parameters of a workpiece are measured, as shown in the following table,
L1(mm) L2(mm) a1(mm) a2(mm) b(mm)
350.342 200.000 2.134 2.268 3.431
substituting the correlation value into the above equation:
Figure BDA0002697306280000044
Figure BDA0002697306280000045
therefore, the maximum deformation h of the workpiece is 1.421 mm. The controller 6 is programmed to perform the above calculation process.
As shown in fig. 4, the method for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in the four-axis numerical control machine tool machining process on line comprises the following steps:
401: obtaining the distance L between the workpiece 17 and the second support 31And the distance L between the second support body 3 and the first support body 52Displacement b of the first eddy current sensor, displacement a1 of the second eddy current sensor and displacement a2 of the third eddy current sensor;
402: using a formula
Figure BDA0002697306280000051
Calculating the displacement of the second support 3, wherein a is the displacement of the second support
403: using a formula
Figure BDA0002697306280000052
And calculating the maximum deformation of the workpiece, wherein h is the maximum deformation of the workpiece.
As shown in fig. 9, the specific hardware circuit of the controller 6 selects 89C52 as a core control chip, and 8 keys are designed to function as "record (K1)", "start (K2)", "end (K3)", "input (K4)", "cursor left (K5)", "cursor right (K6)", "data add 1 (K7)", and "data subtract 1 (K8)", respectively.
The control flow of the main program is shown in fig. 5, and after power-on, the controller 6 initializes each module to ensure that the system operates normally, that is, detects whether each hardware module is normal and assigns an initial value. And after the initialization detection is normal, acquiring sensor data, filtering, storing, performing key scanning, entering a key subprogram if a key is pressed, displaying basic information on a screen if no key is pressed, and turning on an indicator light to return. The "start" button function is shown in fig. 6, and when the "start" button is pressed, the controller 6 reads data information of the three eddy current sensors, filters and stores the data information, and calculates the variation a according to the measurement record value which is not deformed and the measurement value after deformation1、a2B, length L1And L2And (3) calculating the deformation h by using a similar triangle principle for a fixed value, averaging the measured values of the second eddy current sensor and the third eddy current sensor to obtain a for ensuring the measurement accuracy, displaying the calculation result and related parameters on a display, and returning to the main program.
The use steps are as follows:
step 1: before the four-axis machine tool is machined, a precise cross sliding table is arranged on an operation table of the four-axis numerical control machine tool, a detection device is arranged on the precise cross sliding table, and the cross sliding table is operated, so that a tip 1 of the detection device is close to a tip process hole of a workpiece 17 as shown in figure 7;
step 2: manually adjusting the telescopic supporting part 14 to enable the center of the tip 1 to be kept horizontal with the workpiece 17, wherein the telescopic supporting part 14 is composed of a nut and a bolt, the nut is manually rotated to enable the bolt to move up and down so as to drive the second supporting body 3 to be adjusted up and down, the first supporting body 5 is adjusted in the same way, as shown in fig. 8, the precise cross sliding table is manually operated, and the tip 1 is inserted into a process tip hole of the workpiece 17;
and step 3: when a record key on the controller 6 is pressed, the controller 6 collects the detection data of the three current vortex sensors at this time and stores the data in a controller storage area, and simultaneously, a keyboard is used for inputting L1And L2Value, press the "OK" key;
and 4, step 4: after the four-axis machine tool starts to machine, pressing a 'start' button, acquiring detection data of each eddy current sensor, namely the deformation of the connecting rod 2, in real time by the controller 6, calculating the deformation of the workpiece 17 by the controller 6 according to three sensor data recorded before machining, namely data when the workpiece 17 is not machined and deformed and the acquired data, and displaying a result value on a display in real time;
and 5: when the machining is finished or the measurement is not needed, the controller 6 automatically saves the recorded deformation data and stops working by pressing an end button.
The device and the method for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in the four-axis numerical control machine tool machining are described in detail, a specific example is applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a maximum deflection detection device of work piece in four-axis numerical control machine tool processing which characterized in that: the device comprises a tip (1), a connecting rod (2), a second support body (3), a first displacement detection unit (4), a first support body (5), a controller (6), a base (10) and a second displacement detection unit (12), wherein one end of the connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected with the tip (1), the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the first support body (5), the second support body (3) is positioned between the tip (1) and the first support body (5) and is fixedly connected with the connecting rod (2), the bottom of the second support body (3) is connected with the base (10) through an elastic part (13), the bottom of the first support body (5) is connected with the base (10) through a rotating shaft (9), the first support body (5) and the second support body (3) have the same supporting height, the first displacement detection unit (4) is positioned between the first support body (5) and the second support body (3), and with connecting rod (2) fixed connection, second displacement detecting element (12) fixed connection is in the bottom of second supporter (3), first displacement detecting element (4) and second displacement detecting element (12) all are connected with controller (6) communication.
2. The device for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the first displacement detection unit (4) and the second displacement detection unit (12) are both eddy current sensors, the first displacement detection unit (4) is a first eddy current sensor, and the second displacement detection unit (12) comprises a second eddy current sensor and a third eddy current sensor.
3. The device for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the second eddy current sensor and the third eddy current sensor are symmetrical about the projection of the axis of the connecting rod (2) on the horizontal plane, and the straight line formed by the second eddy current sensor and the third eddy current sensor is vertical to the projection of the axis of the connecting rod (2) on the horizontal plane.
4. The device for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the first displacement detection unit (4) and the second displacement detection unit (12) are in communication connection with the wireless transmitter (7), the wireless transmitter (7) is in communication connection with the controller (6), and the wireless transmitter (7) is connected with the battery.
5. The device for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the second support body (3) is connected with the elastic component (13) through a telescopic support part (14).
6. The device for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the controller (6) is connected with the display.
7. The device for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the centre (1) is a replaceable live centre.
8. The device for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the elastic component (13) is a spring.
9. The device for detecting the maximum deformation of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the controller is an 89C52 type single chip microcomputer.
10. The method for detecting the maximum deformation amount of the workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the center (1) is connected with a workpiece (17), and the workpiece (17) deforms under the cutting force to drive the center (1) and the connecting rod (2) to generate displacement h;
step two: measuring the distance L between the workpiece (17) and the second support (3)1Measuring the distance L between the second support (3) and the first support (5)2
Step three: the displacement of the connecting rod (2) is detected as b by the first displacement detection unit (4), and the displacement of the second support body (3) is detected as a by the second displacement detection unit (12);
step four: using a formula
Figure FDA0002697306270000021
And calculating the maximum deformation of the workpiece (17), wherein h is the maximum deformation of the workpiece (17).
CN202011013856.4A 2020-09-23 2020-09-23 Device and method for detecting maximum deformation of workpiece in four-axis numerical control machine tool machining Active CN112192320B (en)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008039707A (en) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-21 Ricoh Co Ltd Device for measuring deflection of measuring object
CN102513410A (en) * 2011-12-27 2012-06-27 长春汇凯科技有限公司 Radial runout measuring method for straightening machine long axis workpiece, and device thereof
CN205496575U (en) * 2016-04-20 2016-08-24 常州机电职业技术学院 High accuracy non -contact movable's diameter runout detector
CN210741291U (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-06-12 事必得精密机械(苏州)有限公司 Radial circle of axle type part detection device that beats

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008039707A (en) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-21 Ricoh Co Ltd Device for measuring deflection of measuring object
CN102513410A (en) * 2011-12-27 2012-06-27 长春汇凯科技有限公司 Radial runout measuring method for straightening machine long axis workpiece, and device thereof
CN205496575U (en) * 2016-04-20 2016-08-24 常州机电职业技术学院 High accuracy non -contact movable's diameter runout detector
CN210741291U (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-06-12 事必得精密机械(苏州)有限公司 Radial circle of axle type part detection device that beats

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