CN112190804B - Breathing machine - Google Patents
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- CN112190804B CN112190804B CN202011209471.5A CN202011209471A CN112190804B CN 112190804 B CN112190804 B CN 112190804B CN 202011209471 A CN202011209471 A CN 202011209471A CN 112190804 B CN112190804 B CN 112190804B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
- A61M16/022—Control means therefor
- A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
- A61M16/1075—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
- A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
- A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3334—Measuring or controlling the flow rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3341—Pressure; Flow stabilising pressure or flow to avoid excessive variation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3368—Temperature
- A61M2205/3372—Temperature compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Details Of Flowmeters (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a breathing machine, which comprises a host, a gas pipeline and a gas flow measuring system, wherein the tail end of the gas pipeline is connected with a breathing mask, the gas flow measuring system is used for measuring the volume flow of output gas of the breathing machine, and the gas flow measuring system comprises: the thermal flow sensor is arranged on the gas pipeline and is used for measuring the volume flow of gas flowing through the gas pipeline; the temperature sensor is arranged on the gas pipeline and is used for acquiring the temperature of the gas flowing through the gas pipeline; the air pressure sensor is connected with the air transmission pipeline and used for acquiring air pressure in the air transmission pipeline; and the flow converter is used for calculating the volume flow of the output gas of the breathing machine according to a preset formula and the mass flow, the temperature and the air pressure. By using reasonable temperature and pressure compensation technology and optimizing a detection pipeline, the measurement accuracy of the output gas of the breathing machine can be greatly improved, and the working environment of the breathing machine is ensured not to influence the monitoring of the output gas of the breathing machine due to temperature and atmospheric pressure changes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of respirators, in particular to a respirator.
Background
As an effective means for artificially replacing the spontaneous ventilation function, a ventilator has been widely used in respiratory failure due to various reasons, anesthesia respiratory management during major surgery, respiratory support treatment and emergency resuscitation, and has taken a very important place in the field of modern medicine. The breathing machine is a vital medical device which can prevent and treat respiratory failure, reduce complications, save and prolong the life of patients.
There are various ways to measure the output gas flow of a ventilator: including using ultrasonic flow sensors, differential pressure flow sensors, or thermal mass flow sensors.
The information fed back by the ultrasonic flow sensor is volume flow (which is the final calculated parameter required by the breathing machine), but the ultrasonic flow sensor is easily affected by temperature and pressure, dynamic calculation compensation is required, the volume flow accuracy is difficult to control, and the monitored value cannot be converted with the mass flow.
The differential pressure type flow sensor compensation technology is relatively complex, and utilizes the throttling principle of fluid flow to generate pressure difference so as to realize flow measurement. The basic flow formula of the differential pressure flow sensor is as follows:
Qm=k√(△P*ρ)
QV=k√(△P/ρ)
wherein Qm is the mass flow of the measured fluid corresponding to the differential pressure value, k is the flow coefficient of the sensor, deltaP is the differential pressure value output by the flow sensor, ρ is the density of the measured fluid, and QV is the working condition volume flow of the measured fluid corresponding to the differential pressure value.
From the basic formula, the differential pressure sensor is related to the density ρ, both in terms of calculated mass flow and volumetric flow. And the result also needs to be formulated, and the temperature and pressure compensation of the measured fluid, which belongs to nonlinearity, causes that the temperature and pressure compensation technology of the fluid is complex and is difficult to realize.
The value measured by the thermal mass sensor is the mass flow of the fluid, the mass flow is not influenced by temperature and pressure, and the value monitored by the thermal mass flow sensor can be converted with the volume flow. The flow sensor on the current breathing machine mostly adopts the technology, but the flow accuracy of the current breathing machine on the market is greatly influenced by the temperature and the pressure of the fluid, so the using environment range is single, and some breathing machines even have no fluid temperature and pressure compensation and cannot be applied to application occasions with great environmental condition changes such as helicopter rescue.
The most similar prior art solution to the present invention is that a thermal flow sensor is used for the ventilator, but the disadvantages of the prior art are two:
1. the value output by the thermal flow sensor is mostly the gas flow rate in the standard state, and the gas to be measured by the breathing machine is mostly in the nonstandard state, so that the value output by the thermal flow sensor can be used only by properly compensating according to the current gas pressure and temperature. Some respirators even directly take the sensor value in the standard state as an actual detection value without any temperature and pressure compensation, so that the respirators cannot be used in application environments with large temperature and pressure changes, such as mountain climbing rescue, helicopter rescue and the like; or some respirators perform temperature and pressure compensation on data of the flow sensor, but because the temperature and air pressure data are not well fitted, the calculation deviation of the air flow is large and the accuracy is not high in the application occasions with large temperature and air pressure changes.
2. At present, a built-in flow sensor is mostly adopted in the breathing machine on the market to monitor the output flow of the breathing machine, and the output gas detection data is inaccurate due to the air leakage of a breathing pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a breathing machine which at least solves one of the technical problems proposed by the background technology.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the utility model provides a breathing machine, includes host computer, gas-supply pipeline and air current measurement system, gas-supply pipeline end-to-end connection has the respirator, air current measurement system is used for measuring the volumetric flow of breathing machine output gas, air current measurement system includes:
the thermal flow sensor is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline and is used for measuring the volume flow of gas flowing through the gas transmission pipeline;
a temperature sensor installed on the gas pipe for acquiring a temperature of gas flowing through the gas pipe;
the air pressure sensor is connected with the air transmission pipeline and used for acquiring air pressure in the air transmission pipeline; and
and the flow converter is used for calculating the volume flow of the output gas of the breathing machine according to a preset formula and the mass flow, the temperature and the air pressure.
Further, the preset formula is as follows:
Vx=k*Vs*(Tx/Px);
k=Ps/Ts;
where Vx is the output value of the flow rate converter, k is the temperature-pressure compensation coefficient, vs is the output value of the thermal flow rate sensor, px is the output value of the air pressure sensor, tx is the detected value of the fluid temperature, ps is the standard air pressure of the ideal gas, and Ts is the standard temperature of the ideal gas.
Further, the thermal flow sensor is a thermal flow sensor with a temperature measurement function, and the model of the thermal flow sensor is SFM3300.
Further, the thermal flow sensor is in communication connection with the flow converter through an RS485 cable.
Further, the model of the air pressure sensor is HSCMLNT2.5BASA5 pressure-insulation type digital air pressure sensor.
Further, the flow converter is a singlechip.
Further, the model of the singlechip is STM32.
Further, the air pressure sensor is in communication connection with the flow converter through an SPI communication bus.
Further, the air pressure detection points of the temperature sensor and the air pressure sensor are both close to the thermal flow sensor.
Further, the temperature sensor, the air pressure sensor and the thermal flow sensor are all arranged close to the breathing mask.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
by using reasonable temperature and pressure compensation technology and optimizing a detection pipeline, the measuring precision of the output gas of the breathing machine can be greatly improved, the working environment of the breathing machine is ensured not to influence the monitoring of the output gas of the breathing machine due to temperature and atmospheric pressure changes, the detecting precision of the output gas flow of the breathing machine is improved, and the application environment range of the breathing machine is enlarged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic electrical diagram of an airflow measurement system for a ventilator according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of components of an airflow measurement system of a ventilator according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.
The utility model provides a breathing machine, includes host computer, gas-supply pipeline and air current measurement system, gas-supply pipeline 5 end-to-end connection has the respirator, air current measurement system is used for measuring the volumetric flow of breathing machine output gas. As shown in fig. 1, the air flow measurement system includes:
a thermal flow sensor 1 mounted on the gas pipe 5 for measuring a volumetric flow of gas flowing through the gas pipe 5;
a temperature sensor 2 mounted on the gas line 5 for acquiring a temperature of the gas flowing through the gas line 5;
the air pressure sensor 3 is connected with the air transmission pipeline 5 and is used for acquiring air pressure in the air transmission pipeline 5; and
and the flow converter 4 is used for calculating the volume flow of the output gas of the breathing machine according to a preset formula and the gas flow rate, temperature and air pressure.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the preset formula is as follows:
Vx=k*Vs*(Tx/Px);
k=Ps/Ts;
where Vx is the output value of the flow rate converter 4, k is the temperature-pressure compensation coefficient, vs is the output value of the thermal flow rate sensor 1, px is the output value of the air pressure sensor 3, tx is the detected value of the fluid temperature, ps is the standard air pressure of the ideal gas, and Ts is the standard temperature of the ideal gas.
According to the ideal gas state equation:
p*V=n*R*T=(M/μ)*R*T (1)
where p is the ideal gas pressure, V is the ideal gas volume, n is the amount of substance, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the ideal gas thermodynamic temperature, M is the mass of the ideal gas, μ is the molar mass of the ideal gas;
from equation (1), it can be deduced that:
V=(n*R*T)/p (2)
the density ρ defines the formula:
ρ=m/V (3)
where m is the fluid mass and V is the fluid volume.
The combination of equations (1) (2) (3) results in
ρ=(μ*p)/(R*T) (4)
Setting the volume flow as Fv, the mass flow as Fg and according to a definition formula of the mass flow and the volume flow:
F g =ρ*F v (5)
the combination of formulas (4) and (5) gives:
F v =[(R*T)/(μ*p)]*F g (6)
deforming to obtain F v =(R/μ)*(T/p)*F g (7)
Equation (7) is a theoretical equation for the conversion of mass flow into volumetric flow.
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of the fluid does not change with the temperature and the air pressure, and the following results are obtained:
(μ*P x )/(R*T x )*V x =(μ*P s )/(R*T s )*V s (8)
wherein: μ is the molar mass of the ideal gas, px is the current fluid pressure, tx is the current fluid temperature, vx is the current fluid volumetric flow; ps is the standard gas pressure of the ideal gas, ts is the standard temperature of the ideal gas, vs is the standard volume of the fluid in the standard state.
The deformation finishing is obtained by the formula (8):
V x =V s *(P s /P x )*(T x /T s ) (9)
in the practical application of the breathing machine, vs is the output value of the thermal flow sensor 1, vx is the output value of the flow converter 4, px is the output value of the air pressure sensor 3, tx is the detection value of the fluid temperature, and it is known from the above equation that Vx and Vs must have a temperature-pressure compensation coefficient k, so that:
V x =k*V s *(T x /P x ) (10)
the combination of formulas (9) (10) gives:
k=P s /T s (11)
specifically, fig. 2 is a specific circuit diagram of an airflow measurement system, where in order to simplify the circuit connection of the pipeline temperature sensor and reduce the complexity of pipeline design, the thermal flow sensor 1 is a thermal flow sensor 1 with a temperature measurement function, and the model of the thermal flow sensor 1 is SFM3300. The SFM3300 is an IIC communication, and because it is an external sensor, the communication distance is long, and therefore, it is necessary to convert the IIC communication into an RS485 communication with a relatively long and stable communication distance, and to perform communication connection with the flow converter 4. The external gas flow sensor has the advantages that gas leakage of the middle pipeline can be ignored, and large detection error of output gas is avoided.
Further, the model of the air pressure sensor 3 is HSCMLNT2.5BASA5 pressure-insulation type digital air pressure sensor 3. The air pressure detection point of the air transmission pipeline 5 is as close to the SFM3300 sensor as possible, and then the air pressure change of the pipeline is detected in real time through a HSCMLNT2.5BASA5 pressure-insulation type digital air pressure sensor connected to the main board of the breathing machine through an air pipe. The air pressure sensor 3 is in communication connection with the flow converter through an SPI communication bus.
Specifically, the flow converter 4 is a single-chip microcomputer. The model of the singlechip is STM32.
Further, the temperature sensor 2, the air pressure sensor 3 and the thermal flow sensor 1 are all arranged close to the breathing mask, so that gas flow detection errors caused by gas leakage of the middle pipeline are reduced.
The data obtained using the actual verification of the ventilator of the present invention is presented below:
vx=vs without temperature and pressure compensation, the working environment air pressure of the ventilator is reduced from 101.3KPa to 65KPa at a rate of 5KPa/min, and the value Vs of the thermal flow sensor and the value VT detected by the gas analyzer are shown in the following chart:
it can be seen that as the gas pressure decreases, the value VT of the gas analyzer and the value Vs of the flow sensor increase.
Based on the measured data, the average value of k is determined based on the data of vs=vt, ps=101 kpa,25 ℃): 4.081, tx=25, equation (10) is:
V x =4.081*V s *(25/P x ) (12)
the data compensation according to equation (12), the value of Vx (Vs compensated value in the table below) and the value of airflow analyzer VT are shown in the following chart:
it can be seen that the compensated Vx data (Vs compensated values in the table) is very close to the data measured by the gas analyzer, and the error is small. The data error can be greatly reduced by carrying out data compensation through the mean value k, and the measurement accuracy of the thermal flow sensor is improved.
The following is the measured ventilator tidal volume value (target tidal volume 500 mL) after temperature and pressure compensation:
the breathing machine adopts an optimized monitoring pipeline and temperature and air pressure compensation technology, the error of the tidal volume monitoring value of the breathing machine is within 7 percent, and the breathing machine successfully passes the environmental temperature and air pressure change test of 55 Kpa-110 Kpa and minus 20 ℃ to 70 ℃. The scheme has excellent performance and high efficiency and reliability.
In summary, the ventilator of the invention uses reasonable temperature and pressure compensation technology and optimizes the detection pipeline, thereby greatly improving the measurement accuracy of the output gas of the ventilator, ensuring that the working environment of the ventilator does not influence the monitoring of the output gas of the ventilator due to the change of temperature and atmospheric pressure, improving the accuracy of the flow detection of the output gas of the ventilator and expanding the application environment range of the ventilator.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a breathing machine, includes host computer, gas-supply pipeline and air current measurement system, gas-supply pipeline end-to-end connection has the respirator, air current measurement system is used for measuring the volumetric flow of breathing machine output gas, its characterized in that, air current measurement system includes:
the thermal flow sensor is arranged on the gas transmission pipeline and is used for measuring the volume flow of gas flowing through the gas transmission pipeline;
a temperature sensor installed on the gas pipe for acquiring a temperature of gas flowing through the gas pipe;
the air pressure sensor is connected with the air transmission pipeline and used for acquiring air pressure in the air transmission pipeline; and
the flow converter is used for calculating the volume flow of the output gas of the breathing machine according to a preset formula and the mass flow, the temperature and the air pressure;
the preset formula is as follows:
Vx=k*Vs*(Tx/Px);
k=Ps/Ts;
where Vx is the output value of the flow rate converter, k is the temperature-pressure compensation coefficient, vs is the output value of the thermal flow rate sensor, px is the output value of the air pressure sensor, tx is the detected value of the fluid temperature, ps is the standard air pressure of the ideal gas, and Ts is the standard temperature of the ideal gas.
2. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein the thermal flow sensor is a thermal flow sensor with temperature measurement function, and the thermal flow sensor is SFM3300.
3. A ventilator according to claim 2, wherein the thermal flow sensor is communicatively coupled to the flow converter via an RS485 cable.
4. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein the barometric pressure sensor is a HSCMLNT2.5BASA5 absolute digital barometric pressure sensor.
5. The ventilator of claim 4, wherein the flow converter is a single-chip microcomputer.
6. The ventilator of claim 5, wherein the single-chip microcomputer is STM32.
7. The ventilator of claim 5, wherein the barometric pressure sensor is communicatively coupled to the flow scaler via an SPI communication bus.
8. The ventilator of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor and the barometric pressure sensor are each positioned proximate to the thermal flow sensor.
9. A ventilator according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor, air pressure sensor and thermal flow sensor are each disposed proximate the respiratory mask.
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GB8924469D0 (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1989-12-20 | Clausen Kaldager & Company As | A gas flow monitoring system |
WO2011055254A1 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Flow sensing device with temperature compensation |
CN103052420B (en) * | 2010-05-22 | 2015-07-15 | 马奎特紧急护理公司 | Breathing system with flow estimation |
JP2012228415A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-11-22 | Air Water Inc | Oxygen concentrator |
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