CN112186755B - 一种区域综合能源***柔性负荷储能化建模方法 - Google Patents
一种区域综合能源***柔性负荷储能化建模方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种区域综合能源***柔性负荷储能化建模方法,包括以下步骤:S1、建立可转移负荷储能化模型:结合可转移负荷用电行为可从电价较高的时刻转移到电价较低的时刻,但其用电行为仍会发生且总用电量保持不变的特性,建立储能化模型;S2、建立可中断负荷储能化模型:结合电锅炉作为可中断负荷的运行特性,建立储能化模型;S3、建立可削减负荷储能化模型:通过根据用户舒适度范围将传统可削减负荷曲线转换为一个温度区间,将可削减负荷由固定值转换为柔性值,从而建立储能化模型。本发明充分发掘冷热电负荷参与需求响应潜力,在综合能源***优化调度过程中表现出较好模型复用性和快速收敛性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及区域综合能源***领域,具体的是一种区域综合能源***柔性负荷储能化建模方法。
背景技术
区域综合能源***整合了风能、太阳能、天然气等一次能源,通过综合不同类型的能源生产以及供应方式,在供给侧、传输侧和需求侧实现冷/热/电/气的协同优化,从而实现能源结构的优化,减少对传统化石能源的依赖。
随着多种能源形式的加入,设备种类和数量急剧增加,给区域内能量流分布计算造成一定难度。此外,***中的不同元件使得多种能源相互耦合,耦合能源的不同特性决定了区域综合能源***具有异质性和非线性的特点。因此,亟需一个通用的、规范化的模型,能够清晰的表示设备参与***调度时的资源特性,并且采用的建模方法需具备复用性,使得模型易于扩展,简化计算过程以适应更大的***。
发明内容
为解决上述背景技术中提到的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种区域综合能源***柔性负荷储能化建模方法,充分发掘冷热电负荷参与需求响应潜力,在综合能源***优化调度过程中表现出较好模型复用性和快速收敛性。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种区域综合能源***柔性负荷储能化建模方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、建立可转移负荷储能化模型:
结合可转移负荷用电行为可从电价较高的时刻转移到电价较低的时刻,但其用电行为仍会发生且总用电量保持不变的特性,建立储能化模型如下:
式(1)和(2)中:表示可转移负荷t时刻的荷能状态,表示可转移负荷在第x次参与负荷转入时,从当前响应阶段开始时刻到t时刻转入的电功率累积量,表示可转移负荷在第y次参与负荷转出时,从当前响应阶段起始时刻到t时刻转出的电功率累积量,和分别为可转移负荷最大转入量和转出量,和分别为可转移负荷的荷能状态上下限,和分别为可转移负荷第x次和第y次参与负荷转入、转出的起始时刻;
S2、建立可中断负荷储能化模型:
负荷侧按可中断策略配置的电锅炉实为综合能源***中可中断且大小可调的电负荷,结合电锅炉作为可中断负荷的运行特性,其储能化模型如下所示:
式(3)和(4)中:表示电锅炉t时刻的荷能状态,和分别为电锅炉的荷能状态上下限,为电锅炉t时刻消耗的电功率,为电锅炉单位时段最大耗电功率,可由设备参数中最大供热量和供热效率算出,Tz为电锅炉强制关停时段;
S3、建立可削减负荷储能化模型:
冷、热负荷中的温控负荷可在一定范围内削减负荷量来降低总负荷峰值,通过根据用户舒适度范围将传统可削减负荷曲线转换为一个温度区间,将可削减负荷由固定值转换为柔性值,其储能化模型如下所示:
优选地,可转移负荷与可削减负荷采用储能化建模方法参与区域综合能源***日前热电协同调度时需建立如下优化模型:
A、目标函数:
式(7)中:为区域购售电费用,为购气费用,为参与日前调度供能设备运维费用,为参与日前调度的GES设备需求响应补贴费用,为t时刻联络线功率,和为分时购售电价,为t时刻CHP机组从天然气供应商处购气功率,cgas为购气价,i和j对应电力/热力***内包含的供电/供热设备标号,Np和Nh分别为供电/供热设备数目,和分别为各个供电/供热设备t时刻的工作状态,Pi t和分别为各个供电/供热设备t时刻的出力值,和分别为各个供电/供热设备运维费用二次函数,和分别为t时刻冷热负荷转入、转出的热功率,和分别为单位负荷转入、转出补偿费用,为t时刻负荷被削减的电功率,cTL可削减负荷的单位补偿费用;
B、约束条件:
电功率平衡约束应满足下式:
热功率平衡约束应满足下式:
其他约束:
区域综合能源***日前调度模型除需满足上述电、热功率平衡约束外,还需满足联络线功率传输约束以及供能设备运行约束。
优选地,日前阶段可调度电力资源包括储电装置、可削减电负荷,具体为:
日前阶段可调度热力资源包括储热装置、可转移热负荷,具体为:
优选地,可中断负荷采用储能化建模方法参与区域综合能源***日内电力调度时需建立如下优化模型:
a、目标函数:
式(12)中:为区域购售电费用,为参与日内调度供能设备运维费用,为参与日内调度的GES设备需求响应补贴费用,和为分时购售电价,为t时刻联络线功率,为t时刻CHP机组的工作状态,为t时刻CHP机组供电功率,为t时刻储电装置的工作状态,为t时刻储电装置充/放电功率,cEB为可中断负荷的单位负荷需求响应成本,为电锅炉t时刻消耗的电功率;
电功率平衡约束:
其他约束:
日内调度模型的其他约束与日前调度类似,不同之处在于调度间隔由1h缩短为15min。
优选地,日内阶段可调度电力资源包括可快速控制的储电装置和电锅炉,具体为:
本发明的有益效果:
本发明根据抽象等效性灵活提取冷热电负荷柔性特征,对区域综合能源***中柔性负荷建立储能化模型;综合考虑多类型柔性负荷在日前、日内时间尺度下的调度特性,以***运行经济性为优化目标,建立计及需求响应的区域综合能源***多时间尺度优化调度模型;通过调用商业求解器,在满足***运行约束的条件下实现对控制变量的寻优,获得区域综合能源***可控资源的最优分布。
本发明能够清晰的表示负荷参与***调度时的用能特性,并且该建模方法需具备复用性,使得模型易于扩展,简化计算过程以适应更大的***。在不降低调控准确度的情况下减少能源用户与能源调控中心之间的信息交互,在有效降低协同分析计算量的基础上充分挖掘负荷侧调节潜力,通过不同特性资源间的协同配合,缓解能源供需平衡的压力,实现区域综合能源***协同优化运行。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1是本发明实施例中电力***功率分配情况;
图2是本发明实施例中热力***功率分配情况;
图3是本发明实施例中广义储能装置SOC曲线;
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“开孔”、“上”、“下”、“厚度”、“顶”、“中”、“长度”、“内”、“四周”等指示方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的组件或元件必须具有特定的方位,以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例:
以含可再生能源、CHP机组、储电/热设备、柔性负荷的区域综合能源***为研究对象,选取夏季典型日进行仿真验证。***各供能设备参数如表1所示。风、光功率曲线、***全天电/热负荷曲线采用历史预测数据。其中,可转移负荷、可削减负荷最大响应量均占原始负荷量的15%,可中断负荷最大响应量占原始负荷量的10%。电价采用分时电价,天然气经单位换算后的价格为0.281元/kWh。
表1区域综合能源***供能设备参数
本实施例的综合能源协同优化运行方法,所建模型为混合整数二次规划模型,采用MATLAB2020a结合Gurobi9.0.2求解,具体步骤为:
步骤一、以含可再生能源、CHP机组、柔性电负荷、柔性热负荷、储电/热设备的区域综合能源***为研究对象,基于抽象等效性的思想,采用储能化模型的形式描述冷热电负荷的柔性特征,对区域综合能源***中可调控资源进行统一建模;
步骤二、以区域综合能源***中供能主体在各个调度时段的出力和广义储能设备在各个调度时段的需求响应量为决策变量,以区域总体运行成本最小为优化目标,综合考虑电/热功率平衡、设备运行特性以及广义储能设备参与调度的灵活性,建立计及广义储能模型的区域综合能源***日前经济调度模型;
步骤三、在MATLAB环境中基于YALMIP平台,通过调用成熟的商业求解器GUROBI,即可在满足约束的条件下实现对控制变量的寻优,达到目标函数的最优解。
仿真结果如图1-图3所示,其中图1为电力***功率分配情况,图2为热力***功率分配情况,图3为广义储能装置SOC曲线。可见电出力能够与电负荷实时匹配,而热出力只需与热负荷呈现相同趋势,实现了优化过程中不同能源特性的协调。通过充分挖掘负荷侧调节潜力,有效缓解能源供需平衡的压力,减少区域综合能源***运行成本。
表2对比了柔性负荷采用不同建模方法时***优化模型求解所需计算时间与迭代次数,可见所提柔性负荷储能化建模方法在保证仿真精度的前提下,能够大幅降低协同分析计算量,提升模型收敛速度从而有效减少计算时间。在修改***过程中,只需修改少量个体即可完成***的转换,模型复用性较强,在求解大规模***时,计算耗时增加较少,算法鲁棒性强,在综合能源***的优化中表现出较好的性能。
表2不同建模方法下计算时间与迭代次数
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种区域综合能源***柔性负荷储能化建模方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、建立可转移负荷储能化模型:
结合可转移负荷用电行为可从电价较高的时刻转移到电价较低的时刻,但其用电行为仍会发生且总用电量保持不变的特性,建立储能化模型如下:
式(1)和(2)中:表示可转移负荷t时刻的荷能状态,表示可转移负荷在第x次参与负荷转入时,从当前响应阶段开始时刻到t时刻转入的电功率累积量,表示可转移负荷在第y次参与负荷转出时,从当前响应阶段起始时刻到t时刻转出的电功率累积量,和分别为可转移负荷最大转入量和转出量,和分别为可转移负荷的荷能状态上下限,和分别为可转移负荷第x次和第y次参与负荷转入、转出的起始时刻;
S2、建立可中断负荷储能化模型:
负荷侧按可中断策略配置的电锅炉实为综合能源***中可中断且大小可调的电负荷,结合电锅炉作为可中断负荷的运行特性,其储能化模型如下所示:
式(3)和(4)中:表示电锅炉t时刻的荷能状态,和分别为电锅炉的荷能状态上下限,为电锅炉t时刻消耗的电功率,为电锅炉单位时段最大耗电功率,可由设备参数中最大供热量和供热效率算出,TZ为电锅炉强制关停时段;
S3、建立可削减负荷储能化模型:
冷、热负荷中的温控负荷可在一定范围内削减负荷量来降低总负荷峰值,通过根据用户舒适度范围将传统可削减负荷曲线转换为一个温度区间,将可削减负荷由固定值转换为柔性值,其储能化模型如下所示:
所述可转移负荷与可削减负荷采用储能化建模方法参与区域综合能源***日前热电协同调度时需建立如下优化模型:
A、目标函数:
式(7)中:为区域购售电费用,为购气费用,为参与日前调度供能设备运维费用,为参与日前调度的GES设备需求响应补贴费用,为t时刻联络线功率,和为分时购售电价,为t时刻热电联产机组从天然气供应商处购气功率,Cgas为购气价,i和j对应电力/热力***内包含的供电/供热设备标号,NP和Nh分别为供电/供热设备数目,和分别为各个供电/供热设备t时刻的工作状态,Pi t和分别为各个供电/供热设备t时刻的出力值,f(Pi t)和分别为各个供电/供热设备运维费用二次函数,和分别为t时刻可削减负荷转入、转出的热功率,和分别为单位负荷转入、转出补偿费用,为t时刻负荷被削减的电功率,cTL为可削减负荷的单位补偿费用;
B、约束条件:
电功率平衡约束应满足下式:
热功率平衡约束应满足下式:
其他约束:
区域综合能源***日前调度模型除需满足上述电、热功率平衡约束外,还需满足联络线功率传输约束以及供能设备运行约束;
所述可中断负荷采用储能化建模方法参与区域综合能源***日内电力调度时需建立如下优化模型:
a、目标函数:
区域综合能源***日内调度阶段的总运行成本包括区域购售电费用参与日内调度供能设备运维费用以及参与日内调度的GES设备需求响应补贴费用
式(10)中:为区域购售电费用,为参与日内调度供能设备运维费用,为参与日内调度的GES设备需求响应补贴费用,和为分时购售电价,为t时刻联络线功率,为t时刻热电联产机组的工作状态,为t时刻热电联产机组供电功率,为t时刻储电装置的工作状态,为t时刻储电装置充/放电功率,cEB为可中断负荷的单位负荷需求响应成本,为电锅炉t时刻消耗的电功率;
b、约束条件:
电功率平衡约束:
其他约束:
日内调度模型的其他约束除调度间隔由1h变为15min外,其他均与日前调度相同。
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