CN112181855A - API-based automatic testing method and device and computer equipment - Google Patents
API-based automatic testing method and device and computer equipment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000013515 script Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
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- G06F11/3688—Test management for test execution, e.g. scheduling of test suites
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses an automatic testing method based on an API (application program interface), which is used for testing the functions of a website. The method in the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps: receiving a test request through an API (application program interface); acquiring a test script; acquiring a target website; starting a test script according to the test request, wherein the test script comprises a plurality of test kits, and each test kit comprises at least one test case; testing the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case; and sending a test report to a developer according to the execution result of the test case.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the field of information processing, in particular to an automatic testing method and device based on an API (application program interface) and computer equipment.
Background
In the design and maintenance of the website, developers may continuously add or modify function modules of the website, add new functions to the website, or modify some existing functions. After the developer finishes modifying the website, the developer tests the website to detect whether the website can normally run.
Because the functional modules of the website are numerous and are linked with each other, developers need to test not only the modified modules but also the whole website after modifying the modules each time. This results in a significant amount of time and effort being spent testing the individual functions of the web site by both the front-end developer and the back-end developer after each modification.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an automatic testing method and device based on an API (application programming interface) and computer equipment, which can be called to run through the API interface to automatically complete the function test of a website.
The application provides an automatic test method based on an API (application program interface), which comprises the following steps:
receiving a test request through an API (application program interface);
acquiring a test script;
acquiring a target website;
starting a test script according to the test request, wherein the test script comprises a plurality of test kits, and each test kit comprises at least one test case;
testing the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case;
and sending a test report to a target person according to the execution result of the test case.
Optionally, the obtaining a test script includes:
and acquiring the test script from the cloud storage.
Optionally, the obtaining the target website includes: and receiving the target website address through the API.
Optionally, the sending a test report to a target person according to the execution result of the test case includes:
detecting whether the execution result of the test case is correct or not;
and if not, sending a test report to a target person corresponding to the test case.
Optionally, the test script is constructed using a unittest framework.
A second aspect of the present application provides an automation test apparatus based on API, including:
the receiving unit is used for receiving the test request through the API;
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring the test script;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring a target website;
the starting unit is used for executing a test script according to the test request, the test script comprises a plurality of test kits, and each test kit comprises at least one test case;
the test unit is used for testing the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case;
and the sending unit is used for sending a test report to the target personnel according to the execution result of the test case.
Optionally, the first obtaining unit is specifically configured to:
and acquiring the test script from the cloud storage.
Optionally, the second obtaining unit is specifically configured to:
and receiving the target website address through the API.
Optionally, the test unit comprises:
the detection module is used for detecting whether the execution result of the test case is correct or not;
and the sending module is used for sending a test report to the target personnel corresponding to the test case.
A third aspect of the present application provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method of any one of the first aspect when executing the computer program.
A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any of the preceding first aspects.
According to the technical scheme, the embodiment of the application has the following advantages: according to the API-based automatic testing method, the compiled integrated testing suite can be started from the API, and the testing suite is automatically used for testing each functional module of the website, so that developers do not need to manually test each module of the website one by one, and the workload of the developers is reduced.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an API-based automated testing method according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an API-based automated testing method according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an API-based automated testing apparatus according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a computer device of the present application.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides an automatic testing method and device based on an API (application programming interface) and computer equipment, which are used for helping a target person to quickly and comprehensively test the functions of a website after the target person modifies the website.
According to the method, a test suite for testing each functional module of the website is prepared in the test script in a mode of designing the test script in advance. Whether the target personnel are front-end target personnel or back-end target personnel, the test server can be called through the public API interface to run the set of test scripts, and all the functional modules of the website are tested quickly and completely.
At present, the website background service version is fast in iteration, repeated regression testing needs to be frequently carried out, and an old function interface is repeatedly regressed for many times. The test efficiency of the back-end interface can be greatly improved by automatically testing the website through the API interface. If the test script needs to be modified due to the change of the website, the test case in the test suite is modified, so that the test script is suitable for the modified website, and the workload of developers is greatly reduced. The script is stored on the network disk or the test server, and developers at the front end and the back end can update the test script after acquiring corresponding authorities, so that the test script and the test environment of the developers are consistent. And when the test case is called by the API interface, the test case can run on a test server with higher performance, and does not occupy the computing resources of other computers.
Referring to fig. 1, a specific description is given below of an API-based automated testing method according to an embodiment of the present application, where the API-based automated testing method includes:
101. receiving a test request through an API (application program interface);
and receiving a test request from a developer through a preset API (application programming interface). After the target website is upgraded, maintained or changed, the developer can remotely test the functions of the website by using the API interface, which generally adopts an HTTP protocol interface and transmits data in json format character strings.
102. Obtaining a test script, wherein the test script comprises a plurality of test kits, and each test kit comprises at least one test case;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a test script for testing a target website, wherein the test script is composed of a plurality of test kits, each test kit at least comprises one test case, and the test kits and the test cases can be used for independently testing a certain function of the website. After the test suite and the test cases are integrated together, the website can be tested comprehensively, and whether each functional module of the website operates normally is checked. A better implementation mode is to use a unit test framework under pyhthon to compile, wherein the unit test framework has the functions of automatic frameworks such as compiling test cases, organizing test cases, executing test cases and outputting reports, and simultaneously uses a requests library to compile test cases, the functions in the requests library are complete, so that the method can automatically realize the persistent connection of keep-alive, complete all browser operations and facilitate expansion.
It is understood that a website often requires many developers to develop and design cooperatively, and the content of the test script may also require multiple developers to edit together. Therefore, this test script may exist in the cloud storage, for example, in the network disk or in the test server inside the company, so that the test script is modified online by the developers together. In the application, the test script is composed of the test cases, so that after a certain function module of a website is modified, only the test case or the test kit corresponding to the function module can be modified, the whole test script does not need to be replaced, and the test script can be reused. Similarly, when a developer adds or deletes a functional module to a website, the test script can be conveniently applied to the modified target website only by adding or deleting a corresponding test case or test suite.
103. Acquiring a target website;
each test script is designed for a specific target website due to the large difference of the websites. The target website may be a local API interface address or a website address running on another server. If the site is still in an in-house development state, the site address may also change frequently, so the target site may be stored in the same location as the test script. Or the developer may send the address of the target web site from the API interface to the computer on which the test script runs each time the test is performed.
104. Starting a test script according to the test request;
and starting a test script to test each functional module of the target website according to the test request in the developer. In order to improve the test accuracy and ensure that the website can normally run under the access of a common user, a corresponding running environment can be built for the test script when the website is started so as to simulate the situation when the common user accesses the website, and the running of the test script is started under the running environment.
105. Testing the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case;
and according to the sequence in the test script, executing the test cases to test each function of the target website, and recording the execution results of the test cases, wherein the results of the test cases are recorded in a form in the form of character strings or numbers. In order to accurately restore the running environment of a common user, before each test is run, a setup instruction of python is adopted to build the running environment, and the test case is executed in the running environment. After the execution is finished, the data of the previous test case is cleared by using the teaDown instruction of python so as to execute the next test case. In some project development processes, in order to save testing time, all test cases do not need to be executed each time. As long as any test case execution error exists in the execution process of the test script, the subsequent test case can not be executed any more.
106. And sending a test report to a target person according to the execution result of the test case.
And analyzing the execution results of the test cases to obtain a test report which is convenient for developers to directly check, and sending the test report to equipment of the developers through WeChat, mailbox or other internal communication modes of enterprises so that the developers can check the test result. The specific test results are also various according to different website function modules. Developers can check which modules have problems in operation through the test results, and further modify the website according to specific problems and the test results.
It is to be understood that the above embodiments are described in detail by taking developers as examples. However, the target person mentioned in the present application may not be limited to the developer who directly participates in the website modification and test, but may also include the person in charge of the website project, the operator or the staff of other departments, so that each department can timely know and follow up the modification progress of the website. Optionally, after the test case execution is finished, the test server may further archive the test report in a local or cloud end, so as to refer to the comparison in the future.
In another embodiment, a function of differentially sending the test report to the developer is also added, and the test report is only sent to the developer of the functional module with the problem. Referring specifically to fig. 2, the embodiment includes:
201. receiving a test request through an API (application program interface);
202. acquiring a test script;
203. acquiring a target website;
204. starting a test script according to the test request;
205. testing the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case;
steps 201 to 205 of this embodiment are similar to steps 101 to 105 of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.
206. Detecting whether the execution result of the test case is correct or not; if not, go to step 207;
and if the execution result of the test case is the same as the reference value, the execution result of the test case is considered to be correct. The API-based automatic test method is mainly used for testing again after modification and maintenance of the website, so that historical data of the website can be referred to, whether the execution result of the test case in the test is the same as the execution result of the past test case is checked, and the method is a feasible method for judging whether the execution result of the test case is correct.
207. And sending a test report to a target person corresponding to the test case.
The test case can verify whether a certain function of the website is normal, the function of a large website is various, and each function is cooperatively developed by different developers. Therefore, if the test script finds errors in the test of the website, the website function modules corresponding to the test cases can be found according to the results of which the test cases are specifically checked to have problems, and the functional modules with the problems are mainly repaired. Therefore, the test report can be sent only to developers of functional modules that fail the test of the test case, so that the developers are informed that, in the operation of the test script, the modules in charge of the developers fail to correctly pass the test of the corresponding test case, and the functional modules developed by the developers need to be further repaired according to the test report. Specifically, the execution result of the test case corresponding to the functional module may be sent to a developer testing the functional module with problems through a mailbox, or the whole test report may be sent to the developer. The specific form of the test report may be similar to 206 of the embodiment shown in fig. 1. It can be understood that one functional module may correspond to a plurality of test cases, that development of one functional module may also correspond to a plurality of developers, or that one developer is responsible for development of a plurality of functional modules of a website at the same time. Therefore, the number of final sent mails and the number of errors of the test case are not necessarily related.
According to the design idea of packaging the service and the API testing framework, the automatic testing through the API interface is realized, the testing efficiency and the testing quality are obviously improved compared with manual testing, and the method can be used as the basis of quality guarantee of smoking testing or regression testing. After the tester writes the test script, the computer can automatically execute the test script, and the working efficiency is greatly improved. After the existing test technology stack is combined, the automatic regression test can be quickly realized. In addition, the technical scheme can be comprehensively arranged in an automation system and quickly copied to other environments, and the script reuse degree is high. The test result is convenient for developers to check, position and analyze, and the common test script of the front-end developers and the back-end developers is realized.
Corresponding to the above method, please refer to fig. 3, the present application further provides an automatic testing apparatus based on API, comprising:
a receiving unit 301, configured to receive a test request through an API interface;
a first obtaining unit 302, configured to obtain a test script, where the test script includes a plurality of test kits, and each test kit includes at least one test case;
a second obtaining unit 303, configured to obtain a target website;
a starting unit 304, configured to execute a test script according to the test request;
the test unit 305 is configured to test the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case;
a sending unit 306, configured to send a test report to the target person according to the execution result of the test case.
The operation performed by an API-based automatic test device in this embodiment is similar to the method of the corresponding embodiment of fig. 1.
In some specific embodiments, the first obtaining unit 302 is specifically configured to: and acquiring the test script from the cloud storage.
In some specific embodiments, the second obtaining unit 303 is specifically configured to: and receiving the target website address through the API.
In some embodiments, the sending unit 306 includes:
a detecting module 3061, configured to detect whether an execution result of the test case is correct;
the sending module 3062 is configured to send a test report to a target person corresponding to the test case.
Referring to fig. 4, a computer device 400 may include one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs) 401 and a memory 405, where the memory 405 stores one or more applications or data. Memory 405 may be volatile storage or persistent storage, among other things. The program stored in memory 405 may include one or more modules, each of which may include a sequence of instructions operating on a business server. Still further, the central processor 401 may be arranged in communication with the memory 405 to execute a series of instruction operations in the memory 905 on the computer device 400. The computer apparatus 400 may also include one or more power supplies 402, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 403, one or more input-output interfaces 404, and/or one or more operating systems, such as Windows ServerTM, Mac OS XTM, UnixTM, LinuxTM, FreeBSDTM, etc. The central processing unit 401 may execute the method corresponding to the embodiment shown in fig. 1 or 2, and details thereof are not described herein.
The present application further illustrates a storage medium having stored therein instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
receiving a test request through an API (application program interface);
obtaining a test script, wherein the test script comprises a plurality of test kits, and each test kit comprises at least one test case;
acquiring a target website;
starting a test script according to the test request;
testing the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case;
and sending a test report to a target person according to the execution result of the test case.
In some embodiments, the obtaining a test script comprises:
and acquiring the test script from the cloud storage.
In some embodiments, the obtaining the target website includes: and receiving the target website address through the API.
In some embodiments, the sending a test report to a target person according to an execution result of the test case includes:
detecting whether the execution result of the test case is correct or not;
and if not, sending a test report to a target person corresponding to the test case.
In some embodiments, the test script is constructed using a unittest framework.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be substantially implemented or contributed to by the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.
Claims (10)
1. An API-based automatic testing method is applied to a testing server, and comprises the following steps:
receiving a test request through an API (application program interface);
acquiring a test script;
acquiring a target website;
starting a test script according to the test request, wherein the test script comprises a plurality of test kits, and each test kit comprises at least one test case;
testing the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case;
and sending a test report to a target person according to the execution result of the test case.
2. The API-based automated testing method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining a test script comprises:
and acquiring the test script from the cloud storage.
3. The API-based automated testing method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining a target website comprises: and receiving the target website address through the API.
4. The API-based automated testing method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the sending of the test report to the developer according to the execution result of the test case comprises:
detecting whether the execution result of the test case is correct or not;
and if not, sending a test report to a target person corresponding to the test case.
5. The API-based automated testing method of claim 4, wherein the test script is built using a unittest framework.
6. An API-based automated testing device, comprising:
the receiving unit is used for receiving the test request through the API;
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring the test script;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring a target website;
the starting unit is used for executing a test script according to the test request, the test script comprises a plurality of test kits, and each test kit comprises at least one test case;
the test unit is used for testing the target website by using the test case to obtain an execution result of the test case;
and the sending unit is used for sending a test report to the target personnel according to the execution result of the test case.
7. The API-based automated testing device of claim 6, wherein the first obtaining unit is specifically configured to:
and acquiring the test script from the cloud storage.
8. The API-based automated testing device of claim 6, wherein the second obtaining unit is specifically configured to:
and receiving the target website address through the API.
9. The API-based automated testing device of claim 7 or 8, wherein the test unit comprises:
the detection module is used for detecting whether the execution result of the test case is correct or not;
and the sending module is used for sending a test report to the target personnel corresponding to the test case.
10. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 5 are implemented when the computer program is executed by the processor.
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