CN112180262A - Method for testing thermal runaway of automobile battery under extreme condition - Google Patents
Method for testing thermal runaway of automobile battery under extreme condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN112180262A CN112180262A CN202011028130.8A CN202011028130A CN112180262A CN 112180262 A CN112180262 A CN 112180262A CN 202011028130 A CN202011028130 A CN 202011028130A CN 112180262 A CN112180262 A CN 112180262A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile battery safety testing, and discloses a method for testing thermal runaway of an automobile battery under extreme conditions, which comprises the following steps: (1) simulating leakage of electrolyte of a battery core or cooling liquid of the battery in the battery pack; (2) contacting the cell to be tested with electrolyte or battery cooling liquid; (3) making the adjacent electric core of the electric core to be tested contact with the electric core electrolyte or the battery cooling liquid; (4) operating the automotive battery system; (5) triggering the thermal runaway of the battery cell to be tested; (6) the battery is observed under the test environment, and when thermal runaway also occurs in adjacent battery cores, the time from the thermal runaway early warning sensor or BMS early warning signal to the thermal diffusion occurrence is recorded. The invention simulates the situation that thermal runaway occurs under the condition that the electrolyte or cooling liquid of the automobile battery leaks, and the test parameters and conditions can meet the national standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile battery safety testing, in particular to a method for testing thermal runaway of an automobile battery under an extreme condition.
Background
GB "power battery safety requirement for electric vehicles" requires test parameters and conditions of batteries of electric vehicles:
(1) unless otherwise specified, the test environment temperature is 22 +/-5 ℃, the relative humidity is 10-90 percent, and the atmospheric pressure is 86-106 kPa.
(2) At the start of the test, all protection devices which influence the function of the test object and are relevant to the test result should be in a normal operating state, except for the cooling system.
(3) For a battery pack or system that is covered by a vehicle body and constitutes a battery pack case, the case or vehicle body can be tested.
(4) The battery pack or system test delivery needs to include the necessary operating documentation, as well as the interface components required to interface with the test equipment, such as connectors, plugs, including the cooling system interface, and the typical configuration of the battery pack or system is shown in appendix a. The manufacturer needs to provide safe operating limits for the battery pack or system.
(5) The battery pack or system is subjected to insulation resistance testing before all tests and after some tests. The test positions are as follows: two terminals and a level block. The measured insulation resistance value is required to be divided by the maximum working voltage of the battery pack or the system to be not less than 100 Ω/V
(6) If the battery pack or the system is not suitable for some tests due to some reasons (such as size or weight), the manufacturer can replace the subsystem of the battery pack or the system as a test object after negotiation with the detection mechanism to perform all or part of the tests, but the subsystem as the test object should contain all parts (such as connecting parts or protecting parts and the like) related to the requirements of the whole vehicle.
(7) The method for adjusting SOC to a test target value n percent comprises the following steps: fully charging the battery pack or the system according to a charging mode provided by a manufacturer, standing for 1h, discharging at a constant current of 1I 3, wherein the discharging time is T, and the T is calculated according to a formula T = (100-n)/100 multiplied by 3, or adjusting the SOC by adopting a method provided by the manufacturer. After each SOC adjustment, the test subjects should be left to stand for 30min before a new test is started.
In the formula:
t-discharge time in hours (h);
n is the percentage value of the target value of the test.
In order to meet the requirements, the conventional battery testing method is used for testing batteries in a state of artificial damage, which is not only dangerous, but also incapable of simulating various battery leakage states.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for testing thermal runaway of an automobile battery under extreme conditions, which simulates the occurrence of electrolyte or cooling liquid leakage of the automobile battery, ensures that test parameters and conditions can meet national standards, and saves time and test cost.
The test object of the invention is a whole vehicle or a complete vehicle-mounted rechargeable energy storage system: the system comprises a storage battery and an electrically connected vehicle-mounted rechargeable energy storage system subsystem. If the manufacturer selects the energy storage system subsystem as a test object, the experimental result of the subsystem needs to be proved to reasonably reflect the safety performance of the complete vehicle-mounted rechargeable system under the same condition. If the battery management unit (BMS or other device) of the energy storage system is not integrated in the housing enclosing the battery, it must be ensured that the battery management unit is able to operate properly and send an alarm signal.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for testing thermal runaway of an automobile battery under extreme conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) simulating leakage of electrolyte of a battery core or cooling liquid of the battery in the battery pack;
(2) contacting the cell to be tested with electrolyte or battery cooling liquid;
(3) making the adjacent electric core of the electric core to be tested contact with the electric core electrolyte or the battery cooling liquid;
(4) operating the automotive battery system;
(5) triggering the thermal runaway of the battery cell to be tested;
(6) observe the battery under experimental environment, when adjacent electric core also took place thermal runaway, record BMS early warning to the time that thermal diffusion takes place.
Further, the operation of the step (1) is as follows:
taking out part of cell electrolyte from the cells with the same specification of the cell to be tested, and uniformly dripping the cell electrolyte on the cell to be tested and the adjacent cells to ensure that the cell electrolyte is contacted with the cell electrolyte;
or, taking out part of the battery cooling liquid from the battery cooling system, and uniformly dripping the part of the battery cooling liquid on the battery cell to be tested and the adjacent battery cells to enable the battery cells to be contacted with the battery cooling liquid.
Further, the operation of the step (1) is as follows:
under the condition that an automobile battery system does not work, the battery core to be tested and the adjacent battery core are damaged in a mechanical puncturing or extruding mode, and partial battery core electrolyte in the battery core is leaked to the battery core to be tested and the adjacent battery core.
Further, the battery cell electrolyte taken out of the battery cell accounts for 5% -15% of the total amount; the battery cooling liquid is taken out from the battery cooling system to be 5-15% of the total amount.
Further, before performing step (1), the BMS is put in a sleep state.
Further, step (5) is that thermal runaway of the battery is triggered by heating the heating plate, the heating plate is a planar or bar-shaped heating device, the heating plate is in surface contact with the electric core to be detected, the heating area is smaller than the surface area of the electric core to be detected, the heating position corresponds to the position of the temperature sensor in the electric core to be detected, the heating device is started within 24 hours of simulated leakage, and the triggering is stopped when the thermal runaway occurs or the temperature of a monitoring point reaches 300 ℃.
Further, under the following conditions,
(A) the cell to be tested generates voltage drop, and the drop value exceeds 25% of the initial voltage;
(B) the temperature of the monitoring point reaches the maximum working temperature specified by the manufacturer;
(C) the temperature rise rate dT/dT of the monitoring point is more than or equal to 1 ℃/s and lasts for more than 3 s;
when (a) and (C) or (B) and (C) occur, it is determined that thermal runaway has occurred.
Further, in the step (5), the thermal runaway of the battery is triggered by a mode of needling the electric core to be tested, and the needling point is close to a temperature sensor in the electric core to be tested.
Further, the step (5) is that continuous charging and discharging are performed through external charging and discharging equipment to trigger thermal runaway, and the external charging and discharging equipment continuously charges and discharges the battery cell to be tested, so that the current raises the temperature of the battery as fast as possible within a normal working range specified by a battery system manufacturer until the test is finished.
Further, the test is ended when any of the following conditions is met:
(a) the battery pack automatically terminates or limits charging or discharging;
(b) the battery pack sends out a signal for terminating or limiting charging or discharging;
(c) the temperature of the battery pack is stable, and the temperature change is less than 4 ℃ within 2 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the leakage site is simulated to the maximum extent by using the electrolyte and the cooling liquid with the same characteristics;
(2) thermal runaway is realized in various modes, and most scenes for realizing working conditions are covered;
(3) the testing process is simple and efficient.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of a specific embodiment of the method for testing thermal runaway of an automotive battery under extreme conditions.
The terms used in this specification are defined as follows:
thermal runaway: the battery temperature is uncontrollably increased due to the chain reaction of the battery monomer.
Thermal diffusion: the thermal runaway phenomenon of the other battery cells caused by the thermal runaway of one battery cell in the battery pack or the system is continuously generated.
The method for testing thermal runaway of the automobile battery under the extreme condition comprises the following steps:
(1) simulating leakage of electrolyte of a battery core or cooling liquid of the battery in the battery pack;
(2) contacting the cell to be tested with electrolyte or battery cooling liquid;
(3) making the adjacent electric core of the electric core to be tested contact with the electric core electrolyte or the battery cooling liquid;
(4) operating the automotive battery system;
(5) triggering the thermal runaway of the battery cell to be tested;
(6) observe the battery under experimental environment, when adjacent electric core also took place thermal runaway, record BMS early warning to the time that thermal diffusion takes place.
Specifically, in the step (1), one way is to take out a part of the cell electrolyte from the cell of the same specification as the cell to be tested, and uniformly drip on the cell to be tested and the adjacent cell, so that both of them are in contact with the cell electrolyte.
Or, taking out part of the battery cooling liquid from the battery cooling system, and uniformly dripping the part of the battery cooling liquid on the battery cell to be tested and the adjacent battery cells to enable the battery cells to be contacted with the battery cooling liquid.
In another mode, the cell to be tested and the adjacent cell are damaged in a mechanical puncturing or extruding mode under the condition that the automobile battery system does not work, so that part of the cell electrolyte in the cell leaks to the cell to be tested and the adjacent cell.
In the above mode, the battery cell electrolyte taken out of the battery cell accounts for 5% -15% of the total amount; the battery cooling liquid is taken out from the battery cooling system to be 5-15% of the total amount.
In the above manner, the BMS is first made to sleep, allowing the BMS to normally operate if the thermal runaway early warning sensing device uses the low voltage battery system, and allowing it to autonomously determine whether the BMS is awakened in the sealed battery pack environment during the entire test, so that the BMS can signal a slight electrolyte or battery coolant leakage.
In the step (5), one is that the thermal runaway of the battery is triggered by heating through a heating plate, the heating plate is a planar or rod-shaped heating device, the heating plate is in contact with the surface of the electric core to be tested, the heating area is smaller than the surface area of the electric core to be tested, the heating position corresponds to the position of a temperature sensor in the electric core to be tested, and the heating device is started within 24 hours of simulated leakage so as to heat a triggering object with the maximum power of the heating device; heating the trigger object at the maximum power of the heating device; when thermal runaway occurs or the temperature of the monitoring point reaches 300 ℃, triggering is stopped.
The table for the power selection of the heating device is as follows:
under the following conditions: (A) the cell to be tested generates voltage drop, and the drop value exceeds 25% of the initial voltage;
(B) the temperature of the monitoring point reaches the maximum working temperature specified by the manufacturer;
(C) the temperature rise rate dT/dT of the monitoring point is more than or equal to 1 ℃/s and lasts for more than 3 s;
when (a) and (C) or (B) and (C) occur, it is determined that thermal runaway has occurred.
The other mode is that thermal runaway of the battery is triggered by a mode of needling the battery core to be tested, and the needling point is close to a temperature sensor in the battery core to be tested.
Another method is to trigger thermal runaway by continuous charging and discharging through an external charging and discharging device, which continuously charges and discharges the battery cell to be tested, so that the current raises the temperature of the battery as quickly as possible within a normal working range specified by a battery system manufacturer until the test is finished. The condition for ending satisfies one of the following:
(a) the battery pack automatically terminates or limits charging or discharging;
(b) the battery pack sends out a signal for terminating or limiting charging or discharging;
(c) the temperature of the battery pack is stable, and the temperature change is less than 4 ℃ within 2 hours.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing thermal runaway of an automobile battery under extreme conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) simulating leakage of electrolyte of a battery core or cooling liquid of the battery in the battery pack;
(2) contacting the cell to be tested with electrolyte or battery cooling liquid;
(3) making the adjacent electric core of the electric core to be tested contact with the electric core electrolyte or the battery cooling liquid;
(4) operating the automotive battery system;
(5) triggering the thermal runaway of the battery cell to be tested;
(6) the battery is observed under the test environment, and when thermal runaway also occurs in adjacent battery cores, the time from the thermal runaway early warning sensor or BMS early warning signal to the thermal diffusion occurrence is recorded.
2. The method for testing thermal runaway of an automotive battery under extreme conditions, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the operation of the step (1) is as follows:
taking out part of cell electrolyte from the cells with the same specification of the cell to be tested, and uniformly dripping the cell electrolyte on the cell to be tested and the adjacent cells to ensure that the cell electrolyte is contacted with the cell electrolyte;
or, taking out part of the battery cooling liquid from the battery cooling system, and uniformly dripping the part of the battery cooling liquid on the battery cell to be tested and the adjacent battery cells to enable the battery cells to be contacted with the battery cooling liquid.
3. The method for testing thermal runaway of an automotive battery under extreme conditions, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the operation of the step (1) is as follows:
under the condition that an automobile battery system does not work, the battery core to be tested and the adjacent battery core are damaged in a mechanical puncturing or extruding mode, and partial battery core electrolyte in the battery core is leaked to the battery core to be tested and the adjacent battery core.
4. The method for testing thermal runaway of an automotive battery under extreme conditions, according to claim 2, characterized in that: the electrolyte of the battery cell taken out of the battery cell accounts for 5-15% of the total amount; the battery cooling liquid is taken out from the battery cooling system to be 5-15% of the total amount.
5. The method for testing thermal runaway of an automotive battery under extreme conditions, according to claim 1, characterized in that: before performing step (1), the BMS is put in a sleep state.
6. The method for testing thermal runaway under extreme conditions of an automotive battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and (5) heating the battery to trigger thermal runaway through a heating plate, wherein the heating plate is a planar or rod-shaped heating device, the heating plate is in contact with the surface of the battery core to be tested, the heating area is smaller than the surface area of the battery core to be tested, the heating position corresponds to the position of a temperature sensor in the battery core to be tested, the heating device is started within 24 hours of simulated leakage, and the triggering is stopped when the thermal runaway occurs or the temperature of a monitoring point reaches 300 ℃.
7. The method for testing thermal runaway of an automotive battery under extreme conditions, according to claim 6, wherein: under the conditions of the following conditions, the reaction mixture,
(A) the cell to be tested generates voltage drop, and the drop value exceeds 25% of the initial voltage;
(B) the temperature of the monitoring point reaches the maximum working temperature specified by the manufacturer;
(C) the temperature rise rate dT/dT of the monitoring point is more than or equal to 1 ℃/s and lasts for more than 3 s;
when (a) and (C) or (B) and (C) occur, it is determined that thermal runaway has occurred.
8. The method for testing thermal runaway under extreme conditions of an automotive battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and (5) triggering the thermal runaway of the battery by needling the to-be-detected battery core, wherein the needling point is close to a temperature sensor in the to-be-detected battery core.
9. The method for testing thermal runaway under extreme conditions of an automotive battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and (5) triggering thermal runaway through continuous charging and discharging of external charging and discharging equipment, wherein the external charging and discharging equipment continuously charges and discharges the battery cell to be tested, so that the current raises the temperature of the battery as fast as possible within a normal working range specified by a battery system manufacturer until the test is finished.
10. The method for testing thermal runaway of an automotive battery under extreme conditions, according to claim 9, wherein: the test is ended when any of the following conditions is met:
(a) the battery pack automatically terminates or limits charging or discharging;
(b) the battery pack sends out a signal for terminating or limiting charging or discharging;
(c) the temperature of the battery pack is stable, and the temperature change is less than 4 ℃ within 2 hours.
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Cited By (3)
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