CN112179908A - Damage measuring equipment is dismantled to bogie location rocking arm hole - Google Patents
Damage measuring equipment is dismantled to bogie location rocking arm hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN112179908A CN112179908A CN202010970962.5A CN202010970962A CN112179908A CN 112179908 A CN112179908 A CN 112179908A CN 202010970962 A CN202010970962 A CN 202010970962A CN 112179908 A CN112179908 A CN 112179908A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
- G01N2021/8887—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical equipment, and provides equipment for measuring the disassembly damage of an inner hole of a positioning rotating arm of a bogie, which is characterized by comprising the following components: and the basic module is used for connecting each working module part and supporting the measuring platform and the workpiece to be measured on the measuring platform. The clamp module is used for clamping and fixing the piece to be detected; the control system module is used for controlling a measuring head in the measuring module to move in parallel to the axial direction of an inner hole of a workpiece to be measured; the measuring module is used for measuring by utilizing a laser triangulation technology to obtain a measured data image, and the measuring module obtains the measured data images of different sections through movement; the data transmission processing module comprises a computer, and the data transmission processing module processes the measured data images of different sections to obtain three-dimensional damage quantitative output information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of railway train bogie maintenance, in particular to a bogie positioning rotating arm inner hole disassembly damage measuring device.
Background
During the development of the machine manufacturing industry, hole parts play an extremely important role throughout. Many bore parts are included in various fields, whether in vehicles, ships or aerospace, machinery and weapons. In the transportation industry, the quality of parts such as upper holes of vehicles is particularly important due to the fact that the vehicles are directly hooked with personal safety of passengers and property safety of goods. For example, a railway train bogie comprises a plurality of interference fit assemblies, and most of the interference fit assemblies comprise rubber parts due to the requirement of buffering and shock absorption. In order to avoid the aging of rubber parts, overhaul enterprises generally adopt the pressure method to realize the pressure equipment and the dismantlement of interference fit spare. Taking a bogie positioning rotating arm and a rubber node in a railway train as an example, the design service life of the positioning rotating arm is generally 30 years, and the number of press mounting/dismounting times of the bogie positioning rotating arm and the rubber node in one life cycle can reach 30 times at most due to the maintenance requirement of the train. As a result, press-fitting/dismounting damage of the type such as scratches, furrows, material adhesion accumulation and tearing cannot be avoided between the interference fit surfaces, thereby adversely affecting the service performance of the bogie.
In order to make the operation of the equipment more efficient and safer, the damage of the working surface of the parts must be measured and analyzed in great detail to determine whether the parts with damage meet the service requirements and can be reassembled to enter the next service stage. The inner hole disassembly damage is difficult to measure by using a universal measuring tool, workers on the production line mostly judge the damage by visual observation at present and carry out perceptual judgment on the damage by a diameter sample plate estimation form.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device for measuring the dismounting damage of an inner hole of a positioning rotating arm of a bogie, which is used for specially detecting and evaluating the dismounting damage condition of an important part, namely the positioning rotating arm in the bogie of a rail train.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a damage measuring equipment is dismantled to bogie location rocking arm hole includes:
and the basic module is used for connecting each working module part and supporting the measuring platform and the workpiece to be measured on the measuring platform.
The clamp module is used for clamping and fixing the piece to be detected;
the control system module is used for controlling a measuring head in the measuring module to move in parallel to the axial direction of an inner hole of a workpiece to be measured;
the measuring module is used for measuring by utilizing a laser triangulation technology to obtain a measured data image, and the measuring module obtains the measured data images of different sections through movement;
and the data transmission processing module comprises a computer and is used for processing the measurement data images of different sections to obtain three-dimensional damage quantitative output information.
Further, the base module comprises a bearing bracket.
Further, the control system module is based on a PLC model of Siemens 7-1200 and is used for controlling the movement of the measuring module.
Further, the measurement module comprises: a measuring head part and a transmission part;
the measuring head part comprises three modules which are vertically arranged in sequence, the uppermost part is a laser head module, the middle part is a conical reflector module, the lowermost part is a camera module, and the measuring head part is arranged on a measuring head part base;
the transmission part comprises a ball screw pair, two guide rails which are respectively and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the screw and a driving motor which is arranged at the lowest end, and the measuring head part base is arranged on the guide rails in a sliding mode and is driven to move by the driving motor through the ball screw pair.
Further, the processing method of the data transmission processing module comprises
Preprocessing, namely preprocessing a measured data image to obtain a clear image;
extracting contour lines, namely segmenting the preprocessed image and extracting edges to obtain a two-dimensional image, and extracting edge contour lines;
determining a two-dimensional damage condition, outputting a measurement structure through a damage parameter quantification output program, and calculating multiple measurement results to obtain an average value so as to determine the two-dimensional damage condition;
and (3) obtaining three-dimensional damage quantitative output information through comparing damage parameters on different sections under the condition of three-dimensional damage.
Further, the pretreatment method comprises
The dodging algorithm balances the overall brightness of the data image;
gray level corrosion, which enhances the contrast between light rays of the balanced data image and the background;
and the filtering algorithm is used for denoising the balanced data image.
Has the advantages that:
continuous laser collection is carried out on the damaged surface of the inner hole in interference fit disassembly by adopting a non-contact measurement mode to obtain a data image and further obtain damage information; the method can be applied to the procedures of detecting the damage of the interference fit disassembly of the inner hole in the bogie of the rail train, and has high measurement precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for measuring a detachment damage of an inner bore of a positioning arm in a bogie in accordance with an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a control system diagram of an interference fit disassembly damage measurement device for an inner hole of a positioning rotating arm in a bogie;
FIG. 3 is a view of the measurement principle of a positioning rotating arm inner hole interference fit disassembly damage measuring device in a bogie;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process flow for transmitting measurement data of an inner hole of a positioning rotating arm in a bogie.
Reference numbers in the figures: the device comprises a workpiece-to-be-measured 101, a clamp module-102, a transmission part-103, a measurement module-104, a universal metal supporting leg-105, a bearing support-106, a measurement platform-107, a laser emitter-301, a conical reflector-303, a CCD camera-305, a ball screw pair-307 and a driving motor-309.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the traditional technology adopts a manual maintenance mode to detect the disassembly damage of the inner hole of the positioning rotating arm in the railway train bogie, and is difficult to measure by a general measuring tool because the disassembly damage of the inner hole is measured, most of the prior production lines carry out perceptual judgment on the damage in the modes of visual observation and same-diameter sample plate estimation, the method is simple and rapid, but lacks scientific basis, has strong subjectivity, can not provide quantitative evaluation indexes, and has low reliability of detection results. Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides equipment for measuring the interference fit disassembly damage of the inner hole of the positioning rotating arm in the bogie, and continuous laser acquisition is carried out on the interference fit disassembly damage surface of the inner hole in a non-contact measuring mode to obtain a data image and further obtain damage information; the method can be applied to the procedures of detecting the damage of the inner hole in the railway train bogie in an interference fit manner.
In one embodiment, there is provided an internal bore interference fit disassembly damage measurement apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
and the basic module is used for connecting all the working module parts.
The clamp module 102, the measuring module 104 and the transmission part 103 of the measuring mechanism are mounted on a basic module of the damage measuring equipment through inner hole interference fit disassembly, so that the overall layout scheme of the equipment, the mounting mode of the clamp module and the measuring module and the position precision requirement between the clamp module and the measuring module are considered comprehensively in the design of the basic module.
The basic module bearing support is mainly used for supporting the measuring platform 107 and the workpiece 101 to be measured on the measuring platform, the precision of the basic module bearing support is not directly related to the measuring precision of the device, the precision problem does not need to be considered excessively in the design, and only the strength and the rigidity of the basic module bearing support need to be considered to meet the requirement.
Aluminum profiles and matched fasteners commonly used in engineering are selected in the design process of the bearing bracket 106.
The location of the load bearing support 106 in contact with the ground uses adjustable gimbaled metal feet 105 to allow for leveling of the equipment during placement.
Because the equipment needs hoist the work piece that awaits measuring to measuring platform in the use, consider that the workman conveniently operates, bear the weight of the high design of support 106 and be about 900 mm.
The fixture module 102 is used for ensuring that the workpiece does not move, the workpiece does not vibrate, the workpiece does not deform greatly, and the technical requirements of measurement are ensured.
The quality attribute of a part of a positioning rotating arm in a railway train bogie is analyzed, and a clamp module is selected and designed with parameters.
In the specific measurement process, in order to reduce the possible eccentric influence caused by the self gravity of the workpiece to be measured, the axis of the inner surface to be measured is vertically placed.
The motion path of the measuring head can be ensured to be vertical by the control system during measurement, and the fixture device needs to ensure that the axis of the inner surface to be measured is parallel to the measurement path of the measuring head as much as possible and is coincident as much as possible, so that subsequent data processing is facilitated.
And the control system module is used for controlling the movement of the measuring head in the measuring module to complete actions such as starting, pausing at fixed intervals, reversing, stopping and the like.
And controlling a drive motor driver by using the PLC so as to control the drive motor.
In order to prevent the measuring head from moving over the travel and damaging equipment due to PLC faults, limit switches are arranged before the origin of the movement of the measuring head and after the end point.
In consideration of the man-machine interaction of the equipment, the control system is provided with a green indicating lamp and a red indicating lamp, the green indicating lamp is on when the equipment normally works, and the red indicating lamp is on when the measuring head exceeds the range, so that certain help is provided for the work of an operator.
Comprehensively considering the control requirement, the man-machine interaction and various emergencies of the driving motor, based on the Siemens s7-1200 type PLC, the control system of the device is shown in FIG. 2:
and a Q0.0 output end of the PLC is used for outputting high-speed pulses to a PUL end of a driving motor driver so as to provide stepping pulse signals, and a Q0.1 output end of the PLC is connected with a DIR end of the driving motor driver so as to control the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor.
HL1, HL2 link to each other with PLC's output Q0.2, Q0.3 respectively and realize the function of bright green light when equipment normal operating, bright red light when equipment trouble.
SB1, SB2, K1, K2, SB3, K3 and K4 are respectively connected with input ends I0.0, I0.1, I0.2, I0.3, I0.4, I0.5 and I0.6 of the PLC, and the functions of starting, pausing, near-end limiting, far-end limiting, returning to the original point and reversing are realized.
And the measuring module 104 selects a laser triangulation technology for disassembling the measurement of the damaged surface to obtain a required data image. The measurement principle of the device is shown in fig. 3:
laser light emitted by the laser emitter 301 is reflected by the internal conical reflector 303 to form a laser plane perpendicular to the axis of the inner surface of the cylinder, and the laser plane intersects with the inner surface of the cylinder to be measured to form a circular laser projection.
The measurement module 104 is driven by a transmission system ball screw pair 307 and a driving motor 309 with a band-type brake to move linearly along a direction parallel to the axis of the inner surface of the measured cylinder, and simultaneously, the CCD camera 305 samples images according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain a measurement data image.
The data image is transmitted to the computer through the connecting line, and the data transmission processing flow is shown in fig. 4:
after the data are transmitted to the computer, the data image is preprocessed, so that the data image can be conveniently analyzed subsequently to obtain damage parameters.
Firstly, a dodging algorithm is adopted to balance the overall brightness of a data image and balance the influence caused by illumination.
And then, the gray level corrosion is utilized to enhance the contrast ratio of the light and the background, and the filtering algorithm is used to remove noise of a large amount of background components in the data image, so that the subsequent image segmentation and identification are facilitated.
And (4) segmenting and extracting the edge of the data image to obtain a two-dimensional image, and extracting an edge contour line.
And (3) applying a set of damage parameter quantification output program which is designed autonomously, and combining a plurality of measurement results to calculate to obtain an average value so as to determine the damage condition of the two-dimensional surface disassembly damage.
And finally, obtaining the required three-dimensional damage quantitative output information through comparing the damage parameters on different sections.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a damage measuring equipment is dismantled to bogie location rocking arm hole which characterized in that includes:
and the basic module is used for connecting each working module part and supporting the measuring platform and the workpiece to be measured on the measuring platform.
The clamp module is used for clamping and fixing the piece to be detected;
the control system module is used for controlling a measuring head in the measuring module to move in parallel to the axial direction of an inner hole of a workpiece to be measured;
the measuring module is used for measuring by utilizing a laser triangulation technology to obtain a measured data image, and the measuring module obtains the measured data images of different sections through movement;
and the data transmission processing module comprises a computer and is used for processing the measurement data images of different sections to obtain three-dimensional damage quantitative output information.
2. The apparatus for measuring inner bore disassembly damage of a positioning tumbler of a bogie as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base module includes a load bearing support.
3. The apparatus for measuring inner bore disassembly damage of a positioning tumbler of a bogie as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the control system module is based on a PLC of Siemens model s7-1200 and is used for controlling the movement of the measuring module.
4. The apparatus for measuring inner bore disassembly damage of a positioning tumbler of a bogie as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the measurement module comprises: a measuring head part and a transmission part;
the measuring head part comprises three modules which are vertically arranged in sequence, the uppermost part is a laser head module, the middle part is a conical reflector module, the lowermost part is a camera module, and the measuring head part is arranged on a measuring head part base;
the transmission part comprises a ball screw pair, two guide rails which are respectively and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the screw and a driving motor which is arranged at the lowest end, and the measuring head part base is arranged on the guide rails in a sliding mode and is driven to move by the driving motor through the ball screw pair.
5. The apparatus for measuring inner bore disassembly damage of a positioning tumbler of a bogie as recited in claim 4, wherein: the processing method of the data transmission processing module comprises the following steps
Preprocessing, namely preprocessing a measured data image to obtain a clear image;
extracting contour lines, namely segmenting the preprocessed image and extracting edges to obtain a two-dimensional image, and extracting edge contour lines;
determining a two-dimensional damage condition, outputting a measurement structure through a damage parameter quantification output program, and calculating multiple measurement results to obtain an average value so as to determine the two-dimensional damage condition;
and (3) obtaining three-dimensional damage quantitative output information through comparing damage parameters on different sections under the condition of three-dimensional damage.
6. The apparatus for measuring inner bore disassembly damage of a positioning tumbler of a bogie as recited in claim 5, wherein: the pretreatment method comprises
The dodging algorithm balances the overall brightness of the data image;
gray level corrosion, which enhances the contrast between light rays of the balanced data image and the background;
and the filtering algorithm is used for denoising the balanced data image.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010970962.5A CN112179908A (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2020-09-16 | Damage measuring equipment is dismantled to bogie location rocking arm hole |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010970962.5A CN112179908A (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2020-09-16 | Damage measuring equipment is dismantled to bogie location rocking arm hole |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112179908A true CN112179908A (en) | 2021-01-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010970962.5A Pending CN112179908A (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2020-09-16 | Damage measuring equipment is dismantled to bogie location rocking arm hole |
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Citations (7)
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| CN109490327A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-19 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of tooling and its method of endoscope check hollow shaft/inside pipe wall |
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2020
- 2020-09-16 CN CN202010970962.5A patent/CN112179908A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101109715A (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2008-01-23 | 北京理工大学 | Optical method for detecting defect on inner wall of holes |
| CN201359488Y (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2009-12-09 | 上海海隆石油管材研究所 | Drill-stem pipe end internal upset transition area measuring instrument |
| CN101701922A (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2010-05-05 | 西北工业大学 | Device for carrying out optical non-destructive testing on surface of annular inner wall |
| CN102565081A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-11 | 北京化工大学 | Method for detecting pipeline defects based on three-dimensional data points acquired through circle structured light vision detection |
| CN102590217A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-18 | 北京化工大学 | Pipeline inner surface detection system based on circular structured light vision sensor |
| CN204228627U (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-03-25 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of inner walls of deep holes imaging system |
| CN109490327A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-19 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of tooling and its method of endoscope check hollow shaft/inside pipe wall |
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| Title |
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| 刘东: "基于机器视觉的隧道衬砌裂缝分析与检测", 《新型工业化》 * |
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