CN112179487A - Airport environment noise automatic detection system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Airport environment noise automatic detection system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an airport environment noise automatic detection system and a monitoring method, wherein an acoustic sensor, a vector judgment module, a noise characteristic extraction and judgment module, a monitoring and recording module, a meteorological acquisition unit and the like are connected in parallel and then connected to a main control computer through a bus to form a noise detection system. And the sound sensors and the vector judgment module which are distributed with M multiplied by N uniform grid arrays are arranged on two sides of the runway of the airport, and the takeoff or landing state of the airplane is judged according to the feedback sound field signal change. Noise intensity distribution in a detection time period is obtained through noise feature extraction and judgment, noise source attenuation features, directions, elapsed time and airplane type features in a monitoring area are obtained and recorded, and airplane types and flight states are quantitatively judged through a radar signal collector in a monitoring and recording module. The detection result is calculated and analyzed by the main control computer, and airport environment noise data information is sent in real time. The adopted technical method can be transplanted to the high-speed rail line, and noise monitoring is carried out on a specific area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection noise monitoring, and mainly relates to an automatic distinguishing and monitoring technology for airport environmental noise.
Background
With the increasing requirements of people on quality of life and physical and mental health, the noise brought by the transportation means becomes an invisible killer while the rapid development of air transportation and high-speed railways, and influences on mental states of people in work and life to different degrees, so the noise is internationally listed as one of environmental pollution. Particularly, in recent years, the reconstruction and the extension of airports enable the number of runways to be further increased, and the pollution of noise environment and corresponding treatment problems are increased. Because the problem of noise influence is increasingly prominent, the number of group complaints around airports is increasing, in 2019, the number of noise complaints received by Montreal Teluo international airports exceeds 48000, and a group anti-complaint event of large-scale parade has occurred, so that how to enhance the monitoring and control of the aircraft noise becomes an international problem.
Most of the existing noise monitoring technologies of airplanes are manual monitoring, and the flight conditions are manually monitored and judged for 24 hours and data are recorded, so that the problems caused by the manual monitoring are that physical burdens are too heavy, and data missing judgment is caused. Meanwhile, the monitoring time is long, the later-period data processing capacity is large, and the data acquired in a short time is difficult to accurately reflect the whole-time noise emission condition of the airport, so that the automatic monitoring of the airport environmental noise becomes a current difficult point and focus problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic airplane noise monitoring system aiming at the defects in the conventional airport environmental noise monitoring, which can acquire airport noise data in real time and is convenient for the development of monitoring work.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: an airport environment noise automatic detection system and a monitoring method, the system comprises: the system comprises an acoustic sensor and vector judgment module, a noise characteristic extraction and judgment module, a monitoring and recording module, a meteorological acquisition unit, a storage module, a transmission module, a power supply unit, a main control computer, a sound source array receiver, a radar signal collector, a solar photovoltaic panel and storage battery, a noise analyzer and the like. The composition scheme is as follows: the acoustic sensor and vector judgment module is connected with the Internet of things; the noise characteristic extraction and discrimination module is connected with a sound source array receiver and a radar signal collector; the weather collecting unit is connected with a precipitation detecting device and a wind direction monitoring device. Wherein: the system comprises an acoustic sensor, a vector judgment module, a noise feature extraction and judgment module, a monitoring and recording module, a meteorological acquisition unit, a storage module and a power supply unit which are connected in parallel and then connected to a main control computer through a bus and a transmission module to form a noise detection system, wherein the power supply unit supplies power to all equipment, and the noise monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the monitoring areas on both sides of the airport runway, an M multiplied by N sound sensor and vector judgment module with uniform grid array distribution points are arranged, the noise and the direction of the position where the sound sensor and the vector judgment module are positioned are detected, the takeoff or landing state of the airplane is judged according to the feedback sound field signal change, and the monitoring area is determined; and obtaining the noise frequency spectrum, the intensity and the sound source attenuation azimuth in the detection time period set by the positions of the N sound sensors and the vector judgment module through a noise feature extraction and judgment module.
(2) According to the noise frequency spectrum, the intensity and the sound source attenuation azimuth, the monitoring and recording module acquires and records the intensity, the attenuation characteristic, the direction and the elapsed time of a noise source in a monitoring area, and then the airplane type and the flight state are quantitatively judged through a radar signal collector in the monitoring and recording module.
(3) The meteorological acquisition unit acquires wind speed, wind direction and precipitation data of an airport in real time and uses the data as meteorological condition data during airport noise detection.
The data transmitted by the acoustic sensor and vector judgment module and the noise characteristic extraction and judgment module are used for judging whether a noise source is airplane noise or not, the judgment result is used as a new signal for directional identification, the monitoring and recording module and the meteorological condition data information are synchronously acquired and transmitted to the main control computer in real time, and the main control computer calculates and analyzes the data information and transmits airport environment noise data information in real time.
The invention integrates three modes of a grid point arrangement method, sound source identification and radar signal analysis to carry out the anti-counterfeiting and true-keeping work of the airplane flight event.
When the single grid method is adopted to judge the airplane noise event, the interference generated by the peripheral mobile noise source causes the misjudgment of the flight event, for example, the traffic noise generated by the vehicle passing can be regarded as the flight event, the time sequence sound source happened in different grid points can also be regarded as the flight event, and in order to more accurately record the flight event, the invention provides the monitoring and point distribution mode, and the sound source identification and radar analysis device is added to realize the false removal and true preservation of the flight event and the accurate collection of the monitoring data.
The innovation points of the invention are as follows:
1. the fuzzy capture of the aircraft noise event is realized by adopting a grid method, important nodes for noise monitoring and early warning are preliminarily determined according to the fuzzy capture result, and a noise monitoring instrument or a sound source identification device is set at the node position.
The device realized is as follows: the sound sensor and vector judgment module has a 5G communication function, and the main control module is a main control computer.
2. And capturing an aircraft noise event by adopting a sound source identification device, remotely starting noise monitoring equipment by combining the aircraft course and a grid method fuzzy judgment result, and capturing noise data.
The device realized is as follows: the noise characteristic extraction and discrimination module (consisting of a plurality of sound source array receiving devices) is still a main control computer.
3. By utilizing the working mode that the airplane and the tower transmit radar signals, the sound source identification device is internally provided with the radar signal receiving device, and information such as airplane models and numbers is collected, so that the airplane basic information is quickly recorded.
The device realized is as follows: and a noise feature extraction and discrimination module.
4. By utilizing the fuzzy capture function of the grid method and integrating the sound source identification and radar signal analysis functions, the airplane noise event in the airport runway and the extension line space thereof can be captured efficiently, in real time and accurately; the noise monitor is remotely and dynamically started when the airport is adjusted to take off and land due to the influence of wind direction, the position of the monitoring point is adjusted, and data is captured in real time.
The device realized is as follows: the system comprises a noise characteristic extraction and discrimination module, a plurality of sound source array receiving devices, a main control computer and a monitoring and recording module (a plurality of noise analyzers).
The invention also comprises the following main points:
the acoustic sensor and vector judgment module and the noise feature extraction and judgment module analyze and obtain a feature vector by densely taking points in a monitored area, and determine the position of the monitored point according to the result of the feature vector. The method combines an acoustic sensor grid point distribution method with a sound source array identification method and a radar signal analysis method to realize the quantitative judgment of the airport environment noise.
According to the acoustic sensor, the vector judgment module and the acoustic feature extraction and judgment module, the data are detected, the logic judgment result is used as a new signal for directional identification, data information of each module is captured dynamically, the working space is saved, and the working efficiency is improved.
The transmission module adopts a 5G technology, transmits the acquired data to the terminal equipment in real time, and is convenient for analyzing the data and correcting the deviation data in time.
The solar photovoltaic panel and the storage battery are used as a system power supply, so that the wiring difficulty is reduced, and the point distribution efficiency is improved.
The flash memory storage technology is adopted to realize the functions of super large data storage, fast retrieval and data rolling coverage.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that: the data acquisition amount is large, the data acquisition amount covers two sides of an airport runway, and the area range is a main source of airport environmental noise. The acoustic sensor and vector judgment module and the noise feature extraction and judgment module obtain feature vectors through detection and analysis so as to accurately determine the position area of the monitoring point. The invention combines a sound source array identification method, radar signal analysis and the like, can continuously acquire noise data within 24 hours, obtains quantitative data information of airport environmental noise and publishes the information in time. Meanwhile, the technical method adopted by the invention can be transplanted to the high-speed railway line to monitor the noise in a specific area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing the logical connection structure of the components of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The system and the detection method of the present invention are further described by embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An airport environment noise automatic detection system and a monitoring method comprise: the system comprises an acoustic sensor and vector judgment module 1, a noise feature extraction and judgment module 2, a monitoring and recording module 3, a meteorological collection unit 4, a storage module 5, a power supply unit 6, a transmission module 7, a main control computer 8, a sound source array receiver 9, a radar signal collector 10, a solar photovoltaic panel and storage battery and a noise analyzer. Wherein: the acoustic sensor and vector judgment module is connected with the Internet of things 11; the noise characteristic extraction and discrimination module is connected with a sound source array receiver and a radar signal collector; the weather collecting unit is connected with a precipitation detecting device 12 and a wind direction monitoring device 13. The structure is as follows: the system comprises an acoustic sensor, a vector judgment module, a noise feature extraction and judgment module, a monitoring and recording module, a meteorological acquisition unit, a storage module and a power supply unit which are connected in parallel, and then the meteorological acquisition unit, the storage module and the power supply unit are connected to a main control computer through a bus and a transmission module to form a noise detection system, and the power supply unit supplies power to all equipment. The monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the monitoring areas on both sides of the airport runway, an M multiplied by N sound sensors with uniform grid array distribution points and a vector judgment module are arranged, the noise and the direction of the positions of the sound sensors and the vector judgment module are detected, and the takeoff or landing state of the airplane is judged according to the feedback sound field signal change; and obtaining the noise intensity distribution in the detection time period set at the positions of the N acoustic sensors and the vector judgment module through a noise feature extraction and judgment module.
(2) According to the frequency spectrum of the noise intensity distribution, the attenuation characteristics, the direction, the elapsed time and the model characteristics of a noise source in a monitoring area are acquired and recorded by a monitoring and recording module, and then the model and the flight state of the airplane are quantitatively judged through a radar signal collector in the monitoring and recording module.
(3) The meteorological acquisition unit acquires the wind speed, wind direction and precipitation data of the airport in real time as meteorological condition data during airport noise detection.
The data transmitted by the acoustic sensor and vector judgment module and the noise characteristic extraction and judgment module are used for judging whether a noise source is airplane noise or not, the judgment result is used as a new signal for directional identification, the synchronous acquisition monitoring recording module and the meteorological condition data information are pushed to the main control computer in real time, the main control computer calculates and analyzes the data information, and the airport environment noise data information is transmitted in real time.
M × N uniform grid arrays, where M is the number of rows; and N is the number of columns, and each acoustic sensor and vector judgment module is provided with a number according to the distribution points in the monitoring area.
The monitoring and recording module comprises a noise analyzer with a 5G function, and can continuously record noise detection data for one week.
The transmission module is integrated with a 5G transmission speed, and transmits the acquired data in real time for analyzing the data and correcting the deviation data in time.
The power supply unit adopts a solar photovoltaic panel and a storage battery as a power supply of the noise detection system, and the detection system is also provided with an external power supply. The storage battery is a 12V or 24V lead-acid storage battery, and is used in combination as required.
The storage module adopts a flash memory technology to access the excess data in real time.
And the acoustic sensor and vector judgment module is responsible for determining the position of the aircraft noise monitoring point and prejudging the flight event. As an embodiment, within 5 kilometers of both sides of a runway of an airport and 1 kilometer of a vertical channel, 10 × 10 uniform grid arrays are arranged, namely the number of rows is 10; the number of columns is 10. And filtering the collected noise information, filtering out the sound information with the decibel value lower than the set value, taking the sound information with the decibel value higher than the set value as the aircraft noise, collecting effective sound information, and determining a sound level time vector.
And the noise characteristic extraction and discrimination module adopts a multi-microphone sound source array method to arrange sound source array equipment on the noise monitoring point of the airplane, and sets a detection time period in advance. One or more noise characteristic extraction and discrimination module devices added with radar signal analysis can be arranged to realize the identification of sound source frequency spectrum and airplane flight information (flying state of taking off or landing), the experience time and the type characteristics, and whether a flight event is established or not is discriminated by combining the results of the acoustic sensor module and the vector discrimination module.
And the monitoring and recording module is used for arranging the sound data acquisition instrument or the noise analyzer in a preset point position, continuously recording noise data and being provided with a short-time (one week) storage and retrieval function.
The transmission module adopts the technology of Internet of things and 5G, and realizes real-time data interaction between the main control computer and the sensor, between the noise analyzer and the sound source array recognition system.
The main control computer is a processor, compares the vector with the characteristic vector in the experimental monitoring stage, identifies the airplane event, transmits the logic judgment result to each monitoring module, and dynamically calls data.
The noise characteristic extraction and discrimination module consists of a digital signal processing integrated circuit and a field programmable gate array integrated circuit, wherein the model of the digital signal processing integrated circuit is DSP TMS320F2812PGFA, the digital signal processing integrated circuit is connected with the field programmable gate array integrated circuit, an asynchronous serial port of the processor is electrically connected with a synchronous serial port of the digital signal processing integrated circuit, and the digital signal processing integrated circuit is simultaneously provided with a plurality of peripheral interfaces such as a clock pulse, a reset port, an expansion interface, a flash memory interface and the like.
The operation steps are as follows:
(1) carrying out intensive point acquisition on the sensors in the monitoring area, analyzing to obtain a feature vector, and determining the position of the monitoring point according to the result of the feature vector;
(2) determining a vector characteristic index, forming a characteristic vector, and recording the characteristic vector to a judging module for detecting the take-off and landing state of the airplane at the later stage;
(3) according to the monitoring point position determined in the step (1), mounting sound source identification equipment in the takeoff and landing directions, simultaneously collecting aircraft flight radar signals and aircraft noises, and collecting and analyzing the characteristic frequency spectrum of the aircraft noises through an array technology to obtain characteristic frequency spectrum data and a flight direction array, wherein the array is used as a judgment condition for judging whether an aircraft noise event is established or not;
(4) and (3) transmitting the characteristic vector in the step (1) and the judgment condition in the step (2) to a background computing system, directionally identifying a logic judgment result as a new signal, and synchronously acquiring data information of each module.
(5) And (5) carrying out real-time statistical analysis on the monitoring data and issuing corresponding results.
Wherein the step (1) comprises the following processes:
collecting the information of an acoustic sensor of a grid point arrangement method for a period of time without the interference of other sound sources;
filtering the sound information, filtering out the sound information with the decibel value lower than the set value, and keeping the sound information with the decibel value higher than the set value as the aircraft noise;
and thirdly, combining the internet of things technology, uploading the sensor acquisition data and the sensor position information to a main control computer, drawing a noise map of a grid point distribution method, and obtaining a main noise propagation vector after calculation and analysis so as to determine the position of the monitoring point.
And (4) the sound source array identification system in the step (3) is used for automatically identifying the flight state of the airplane, transmitting the flight state to the main control computer, and assisting in judging whether the flight state of the airplane taking off or landing is true or not.
The step (3) further comprises the following processes:
firstly, distributing a sound source array recognition instrument on a runway on the takeoff and landing sides of the airplane by using the monitoring point positions measured in the step (1);
secondly, identifying a noise source through a sound source array identification device, and assisting in judging whether the airplane event is true or not and judging the sound source characteristics.
And (4) realizing by adopting a digital signal processing integrated circuit and a field programmable gate array integrated circuit. And comprehensively judging whether the airplane event is true or not by utilizing grid point arrangement, a sound source array identification method and a radar signal analysis technology. If the noise is true, monitoring data information in each module is collected and uploaded to a main control computer for calculation, and quantitative data information of airport environmental noise is obtained and published in time.
The present embodiments are not to be considered as limiting the scope of practice of the invention. All changes and modifications which come within the spirit of the invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An airport environment noise automatic detection system and a monitoring method, the system comprises: acoustic sensor and vector decision module (1), noise feature draws and differentiates module (2), monitoring record module (3), meteorological collection unit (4), storage module (5), power supply unit (6), transmission module (7), main control computer (8), sound source array receiver (9), radar signal collector (10), solar photovoltaic board and battery and noise analysis appearance, characterized by: the acoustic sensor and vector judgment module is connected with the Internet of things (11); the noise characteristic extraction and discrimination module is connected with a sound source array receiver and a radar signal collector; the meteorological collection unit has connect precipitation detection device (12) and wind direction monitoring devices (13), wherein: the system comprises an acoustic sensor, a vector judgment module, a noise feature extraction and judgment module, a monitoring and recording module, a meteorological acquisition unit, a storage module and a power supply unit which are connected in parallel and then connected to a main control computer through a bus and a transmission module to form a noise detection system, wherein the power supply unit supplies power to all equipment, and the noise monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(1) in the monitoring areas on both sides of the airport runway, an M multiplied by N sound sensor and vector judgment module with uniform grid array distribution points are arranged, the noise and the direction of the position where the sound sensor and the vector judgment module are positioned are detected, the takeoff or landing state of the airplane is judged according to the feedback sound field signal change, and the monitoring area is determined; obtaining noise frequency spectrum, intensity and sound source attenuation azimuth in a detection time period set at the positions of the N sound sensors and the vector judgment module through a noise feature extraction and judgment module;
(2) according to the noise frequency spectrum, the intensity and the sound source attenuation azimuth, the monitoring and recording module acquires and records the intensity, the attenuation characteristic, the direction and the elapsed time of a noise source in a monitoring area, and then the airplane type and the flight state are quantitatively judged through a radar signal collector in the monitoring and recording module;
(3) acquiring wind speed, wind direction and precipitation data of an airport in real time by a meteorological acquisition unit to serve as meteorological condition data during airport noise detection;
the data transmitted by the acoustic sensor and vector judgment module and the noise characteristic extraction and judgment module are used for judging whether a noise source is airplane noise or not, the judgment result is used as a new signal for directional identification, the monitoring and recording module and the meteorological condition data information are synchronously acquired and transmitted to the main control computer in real time, and the main control computer calculates and analyzes the data information and transmits airport environment noise data information in real time.
2. The system and method of claim 1, wherein the airport environmental noise sensor is configured to: the M N uniform grid arrays, where M is the number of rows; and N is the number of columns, and each acoustic sensor and vector judgment module is provided with a number according to the distribution points in the monitoring area.
3. The system and method of claim 1, wherein the airport environmental noise sensor is configured to: the monitoring and recording module comprises a noise analyzer with a 5G function, and can continuously record noise detection data for one week.
4. The system and method of claim 1, wherein the airport environmental noise sensor is configured to: the transmission module is integrated with a 5G transmission speed, and transmits the collected data in real time to analyze the data and correct the deviation data in time.
5. The system and method of claim 1, wherein the airport environmental noise sensor is configured to: the power supply unit adopts a solar photovoltaic panel and a storage battery as a power supply of the noise detection system, and the detection system is also provided with an external power supply.
6. The system and method of claim 1, wherein the airport environmental noise sensor is configured to: the storage module adopts a flash memory technology to access the excess data in real time.
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| CN113393859A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 湛江港（集团）股份有限公司 | Storage yard gridding sound source positioning analysis method and system |
| CN113823327A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-21 | 杭州爱华智能科技有限公司 | Automatic monitoring method for aircraft noise |
| CN115046628A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-09-13 | 中国民航大学 | Civil aviation noise monitoring system based on rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception |
| CN115112227A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-09-27 | 中国民航大学 | Airplane ground noise distribution monitoring method |
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| CN115456270A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-09 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Airport noise prediction-based detection and stationing method and system |
| CN116105852A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-05-12 | 深圳市生态环境智能管控中心 | Intelligent noise superscript illegal evidence obtaining device |
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| CN115456270A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-09 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Airport noise prediction-based detection and stationing method and system |
| CN115456270B (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2023-12-01 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Airport noise prediction-based detection point distribution method and system |
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