CN112176215A - Corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry and process thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry and process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112176215A CN112176215A CN202011101170.0A CN202011101170A CN112176215A CN 112176215 A CN112176215 A CN 112176215A CN 202011101170 A CN202011101170 A CN 202011101170A CN 112176215 A CN112176215 A CN 112176215A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry and a process thereof, and particularly relates to the field of alloys, wherein the used raw materials (in percentage by weight) comprise: au: 75-77 wt%, Ni: 5.2-5.6 wt%, Cr: 0.5wt% to 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.2-1.4 wt%, W: 3.6-3.8 wt%, Nb: 0.9-1.1 wt%, Ta: 0.4wt% -0.6wt%, B: 0.2wt% to 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.5-2.8 wt%, and the balance of silver. According to the invention, the gold and silver are used as an alloy matrix, and the addition of the raw materials of nickel, chromium, niobium, tantalum and zirconium is assisted, so that the good ductility of the prepared alloy can be maintained, a compact oxide film can be generated on the surface of the prepared alloy to be passive, and the effect of enhancing the corrosion resistance of the prepared alloy can be achieved in acidic and alkaline environments, and the addition of the raw materials of molybdenum, tungsten and boron can enhance the stability of the chemical properties of the alloy, enhance the strength of the prepared alloy and enhance the performance of the prepared 18K gold alloy in many aspects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy, in particular to corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry and a process thereof.
Background
18k gold is an alloy having a gold content of at least 75%, i.e., 18/24, with the remaining 25% being other precious metals including platinum, nickel, silver, palladium, gold, etc. The 18K gold is a gold ornament which has lower manufacturing cost and is more comfortable to wear. In theory, 100% gold can be called 24K gold, but in reality, 100% gold is impossible, and the gold with the content of more than 99.6% (including 99.6%) can be called 24K gold. The content of K gold is the general specification of the jewelry, some gold jewelry is printed with character marks, the stipulation is that the content of pure gold-gold is not less than 99 percent, the content of pure gold-gold is more than 99.9 percent, the production enterprise code, the material name, the content mark and the like are generally required, and the gold jewelry is unqualified without marks. The same is true internationally. But it is also permissible for some particularly fine articles to be unmarked. The 18K gold stamp is typically AU750, 18K or G750 typeface.
When the 18K gold jewelry is worn, the gold jewelry has too many dry things and inevitably contacts many articles, so the finger ring is easily polluted by dust, oil stains and the like. The cloth can be frequently and lightly wiped by soft cloth, but cleaning with a hand sanitizer containing chemical components and the like is avoided, so as not to corrode noble metals. The diamond ring is required to be regularly cleaned by workers in a shop for purchasing the diamond ring, and impurities such as dust, oil stains and the like are removed, so that the diamond ring can be prevented from being damaged by the impurities, and the diamond ring is brand new. Although the corrosion problem of the golden wear can be solved to a certain extent, the appearance of the golden wear is damaged due to improper use in the actual use process, and the normal wearing of the golden wear is affected. Gold is a precious metal and one of the earliest metals discovered and developed and utilized by humans. It is an important raw material for making ornaments and coins, and also an important reserve material of the country, and is known as the king of metal. It is not only considered as a good and rich symbol, but also benefits human life with its unique value. Soft gold is easily deformed and also easily worn. Therefore, attempts have been made to add small amounts of other alloying elements to pure gold to increase the hardness of gold, wherein silver, copper, zinc, etc. are the metals that are now commonly added to gold to increase the strength and toughness. How to enhance the corrosion resistance of gold-wearing parts is a trend to solve the fundamental problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry and a process thereof, and the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to obtain the 18K gold with better corrosion resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry uses raw materials (by weight percentage) comprising: au: 75-77 wt%, Ni: 5.2-5.6 wt%, Cr: 0.5wt% to 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.2-1.4 wt%, W: 3.6-3.8 wt%, Nb: 0.9-1.1 wt%, Ta: 0.4wt% -0.6wt%, B: 0.2wt% to 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.5-2.8 wt%, and the balance of silver.
In a preferred embodiment, the raw materials used (in weight percent) include: au: 75wt%, Ni: 5.6wt%, Cr: 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.4wt%, W: 3.8wt%, Nb: 1.1wt%, Ta: 0.6wt%, B: 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.8wt%, Ag: 8.6 wt%.
In a preferred embodiment, the raw materials used (in weight percent) include: au: 76wt%, Ni: 5.4wt%, Cr: 0.6wt%, Mo: 1.3wt%, W: 3.7wt%, Nb: 1wt%, Ta: 0.5wt%, B: 0.3wt%, Zr: 2.7wt%, Ag: 8.5 wt%.
In a preferred embodiment, the raw materials used (in weight percent) include: au: 77wt%, Ni: 5.2wt%, Cr: 0.5wt%, Mo: 1.2wt%, W: 3.6wt%, Nb: 0.9wt%, Ta: 0.4wt%, B: 0.2wt%, Zr: 2.5wt%, Ag: 8.5 wt%.
The invention also comprises a preparation process of the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, which comprises the following specific processing steps:
s1, smelting: preparing Au and Ag raw materials according to a proportion, placing the raw materials into an alumina crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace for melting, then filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, heating to 1150-1200 ℃, then preserving heat for 0.8-1.2 min to obtain a round of alloy melt, and then pouring the round of alloy melt into a mold for casting molding to obtain an intermediate alloy ingot;
s2, refining: placing the intermediate alloy ingot in the first step into a graphite crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, raising the pressure in the furnace, raising the temperature for one round, keeping the temperature for 0.5-1.5 min, then adding raw materials of Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Ta, B and Zr into the alloy solution, filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace is 0.05-0.06 MPa, continuing to raise the temperature for two rounds, refining for 1-2 min, obtaining alloy melt for two rounds, and pouring the alloy melt for two rounds into a mold for casting molding to obtain an alloy ingot;
s3, annealing: and (5) putting the alloy ingot in the step S2 into an annealing furnace to anneal to room temperature.
In a preferred embodiment, the pressure condition in the furnace in the step S1 is set to 8-8.5Pa, and the pressure of argon filled in the furnace is 0.06 MPa-0.08 MPa.
In a preferred embodiment, the pressure conditions in the furnace in the step S2 are set to 9 to 9.5Pa, the temperature rise for one round is set to 1050 ℃ to 1150 ℃, and the temperature rise for two rounds is set to 1150 ℃ to 1250 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the initial temperature of the annealing furnace in the step S3 is set to 750 ℃, and the vacuum setting is performed in the annealing furnace.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
according to the invention, gold and silver are used as an alloy matrix, and the addition of raw materials of nickel, chromium, niobium, tantalum and zirconium is assisted, so that the good ductility of the prepared alloy can be maintained, a compact oxide film can be generated on the surface of the prepared alloy to be passive, and the effect of enhancing the corrosion resistance of the prepared alloy can be achieved in acidic and alkaline environments, while the addition of the raw materials of molybdenum, tungsten and boron can enhance the stability of the chemical properties of the alloy, avoid the weakening of the metal luster of the alloy caused by oxidation loss, enhance the strength of the prepared gold alloy, and enhance the performance of the prepared 18K gold alloy in many aspects.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: au: 75-77 wt%, Ni: 5.2-5.6 wt%, Cr: 0.5wt% to 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.2-1.4 wt%, W: 3.6-3.8 wt%, Nb: 0.9-1.1 wt%, Ta: 0.4wt% -0.6wt%, B: 0.2wt% to 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.5-2.8 wt%, and the balance of silver;
specifically, in this embodiment, the used raw materials (by weight percentage) include: au: 75wt%, Ni: 5.6wt%, Cr: 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.4wt%, W: 3.8wt%, Nb: 1.1wt%, Ta: 0.6wt%, B: 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.8wt%, Ag: 8.6 wt%.
The invention also comprises a preparation process of the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, which comprises the following specific processing steps:
s1, smelting: preparing Au and Ag raw materials according to a proportion, placing the Au and Ag raw materials into an alumina crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace for melting, setting the pressure condition in the furnace to be 8-8.5Pa, then filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace until the internal force of the furnace is 0.06 MPa-0.08 MPa, heating to 1150-1200 ℃, then preserving the heat for 0.8-1.2 min to obtain a round of alloy melt, and then pouring the round of alloy melt into a mold for casting molding to obtain an intermediate alloy ingot;
s2, refining: placing the intermediate alloy ingot in the first step into a graphite crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, raising the pressure in the furnace to 9-9.5Pa, raising the temperature to 1050-1150 ℃ in one round, preserving the heat for 0.5-1.5 min, then adding raw materials of Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Ta, B and Zr into an alloy solution, filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace is 0.05-0.06 MPa, continuing raising the temperature to 1150-1250 ℃ in two rounds, refining for 1-2 min to obtain two rounds of alloy solution, pouring the two rounds of alloy solution into a mold for casting and forming to obtain the alloy ingot, wherein the addition of the raw materials of nickel, chromium, niobium, tantalum and zirconium can increase the acid and alkali corrosion resistance of the alloy, and the addition of molybdenum, tungsten and boron can increase the hardness of the alloy, thereby maintaining the stability of the alloy;
s3, annealing: the alloy ingot in step S2 is placed in an annealing furnace at a temperature of 750 ℃ and annealed to room temperature in a vacuum state.
Example 2:
the invention provides corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: au: 75-77 wt%, Ni: 5.2-5.6 wt%, Cr: 0.5wt% to 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.2-1.4 wt%, W: 3.6-3.8 wt%, Nb: 0.9-1.1 wt%, Ta: 0.4wt% -0.6wt%, B: 0.2wt% to 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.5-2.8 wt%, and the balance of silver;
specifically, in this embodiment, the used raw materials (by weight percentage) include: au: 76wt%, Ni: 5.4wt%, Cr: 0.6wt%, Mo: 1.3wt%, W: 3.7wt%, Nb: 1wt%, Ta: 0.5wt%, B: 0.3wt%, Zr: 2.7wt%, Ag: 8.5 wt%.
The invention also comprises a preparation process of the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, which comprises the following specific processing steps:
s1, smelting: preparing Au and Ag raw materials according to a proportion, placing the Au and Ag raw materials into an alumina crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace for melting, setting the pressure condition in the furnace to be 8-8.5Pa, then filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace until the internal force of the furnace is 0.06 MPa-0.08 MPa, heating to 1150-1200 ℃, then preserving the heat for 0.8-1.2 min to obtain a round of alloy melt, and then pouring the round of alloy melt into a mold for casting molding to obtain an intermediate alloy ingot;
s2, refining: placing the intermediate alloy ingot in the first step into a graphite crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, raising the pressure in the furnace to 9-9.5Pa, raising the temperature to 1050-1150 ℃ in one round, preserving the heat for 0.5-1.5 min, then adding raw materials of Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Ta, B and Zr into an alloy solution, filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace is 0.05-0.06 MPa, continuing raising the temperature to 1150-1250 ℃ in two rounds, refining for 1-2 min to obtain two rounds of alloy solution, pouring the two rounds of alloy solution into a mold for casting and forming to obtain the alloy ingot, wherein the addition of the raw materials of nickel, chromium, niobium, tantalum and zirconium can increase the acid and alkali corrosion resistance of the alloy, and the addition of molybdenum, tungsten and boron can increase the hardness of the alloy, thereby maintaining the stability of the alloy;
s3, annealing: the alloy ingot in step S2 is placed in an annealing furnace at a temperature of 750 ℃ and annealed to room temperature in a vacuum state.
Example 3:
the invention provides corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: au: 75-77 wt%, Ni: 5.2-5.6 wt%, Cr: 0.5wt% to 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.2-1.4 wt%, W: 3.6-3.8 wt%, Nb: 0.9-1.1 wt%, Ta: 0.4wt% -0.6wt%, B: 0.2wt% to 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.5-2.8 wt%, and the balance of silver;
specifically, in this embodiment, the used raw materials (by weight percentage) include: au: 77wt%, Ni: 5.2wt%, Cr: 0.5wt%, Mo: 1.2wt%, W: 3.6wt%, Nb: 0.9wt%, Ta: 0.4wt%, B: 0.2wt%, Zr: 2.5wt%, Ag: 8.5 wt%.
The invention also comprises a preparation process of the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, which comprises the following specific processing steps:
s1, smelting: preparing Au and Ag raw materials according to a proportion, placing the Au and Ag raw materials into an alumina crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace for melting, setting the pressure condition in the furnace to be 8-8.5Pa, then filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace until the internal force of the furnace is 0.06 MPa-0.08 MPa, heating to 1150-1200 ℃, then preserving the heat for 0.8-1.2 min to obtain a round of alloy melt, and then pouring the round of alloy melt into a mold for casting molding to obtain an intermediate alloy ingot;
s2, refining: placing the intermediate alloy ingot in the first step into a graphite crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, raising the pressure in the furnace to 9-9.5Pa, raising the temperature to 1050-1150 ℃ in one round, preserving the heat for 0.5-1.5 min, then adding raw materials of Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Ta, B and Zr into an alloy solution, filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace is 0.05-0.06 MPa, continuing raising the temperature to 1150-1250 ℃ in two rounds, refining for 1-2 min to obtain two rounds of alloy solution, pouring the two rounds of alloy solution into a mold for casting and forming to obtain the alloy ingot, wherein the addition of the raw materials of nickel, chromium, niobium, tantalum and zirconium can increase the acid and alkali corrosion resistance of the alloy, and the addition of molybdenum, tungsten and boron can increase the hardness of the alloy, thereby maintaining the stability of the alloy;
s3, annealing: the alloy ingot in step S2 is placed in an annealing furnace at a temperature of 750 ℃ and annealed to room temperature in a vacuum state.
Example 4:
the 18K alloys obtained in examples 1-3 were tested for their respective properties and the following data were obtained:
| vickers hardness/MPa | Immersing in strong acidic sewage for 3 days | Soaking in strong acidic sewage for 5 days | Immersing in strong acidic sewage for 7 days | |
| Example 1 | 382.7 | The brightness and the shape of the metal are not changed | The brightness of the metal is weakened and the appearance is not changed | The brightness of the metal disappears and the appearance is deformed |
| Example 2 | 388.2 | The brightness and the shape of the metal are not changed | The brightness and the shape of the metal are not changed | The brightness of the metal is weakened and the appearance is not changed |
| Example 3 | 385.4 | The brightness and the shape of the metal are not changed | The brightness of the metal is weakened and the appearance is not changed | The brightness of the metal disappears and the appearance is deformed |
As can be seen from the above table, the mixing ratio of the raw materials in example 2 is moderate, the hardness of the gold alloy prepared by the process is greatly improved, the vickers hardness of the gold alloy reaches more than 388MPa, the brightness of the prepared 18K alloy is high after the alloy is soaked in strongly acidic sewage for a long time, the appearance of the prepared metal is not deformed, and the good corrosion resistance strength is maintained.
And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry is characterized in that: the used raw materials (by weight percentage) comprise: au: 75-77 wt%, Ni: 5.2-5.6 wt%, Cr: 0.5wt% to 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.2-1.4 wt%, W: 3.6-3.8 wt%, Nb: 0.9-1.1 wt%, Ta: 0.4wt% -0.6wt%, B: 0.2wt% to 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.5-2.8 wt%, and the balance of silver.
2. The corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry according to claim 1, wherein: the used raw materials (by weight percentage) comprise: au: 75wt%, Ni: 5.6wt%, Cr: 0.7wt%, Mo: 1.4wt%, W: 3.8wt%, Nb: 1.1wt%, Ta: 0.6wt%, B: 0.4wt%, Zr: 2.8wt%, Ag: 8.6 wt%.
3. The corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry according to claim 1, wherein: the used raw materials (by weight percentage) comprise: au: 76wt%, Ni: 5.4wt%, Cr: 0.6wt%, Mo: 1.3wt%, W: 3.7wt%, Nb: 1wt%, Ta: 0.5wt%, B: 0.3wt%, Zr: 2.7wt%, Ag: 8.5 wt%.
4. The corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry according to claim 1, wherein: the used raw materials (by weight percentage) comprise: au: 77wt%, Ni: 5.2wt%, Cr: 0.5wt%, Mo: 1.2wt%, W: 3.6wt%, Nb: 0.9wt%, Ta: 0.4wt%, B: 0.2wt%, Zr: 2.5wt%, Ag: 8.5 wt%.
5. A corrosion resistant 18K gold for jewelry according to claims 1 to 4, wherein: the preparation method also comprises a preparation process of the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for the jewelry, and the specific processing steps are as follows:
s1, smelting: preparing Au and Ag raw materials according to a proportion, placing the raw materials into an alumina crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace for melting, then filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, heating to 1150-1200 ℃, then preserving heat for 0.8-1.2 min to obtain a round of alloy melt, and then pouring the round of alloy melt into a mold for casting molding to obtain an intermediate alloy ingot;
s2, refining: placing the intermediate alloy ingot in the first step into a graphite crucible of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, raising the pressure in the furnace, raising the temperature for one round, keeping the temperature for 0.5-1.5 min, then adding raw materials of Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Ta, B and Zr into the alloy solution, filling argon into the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace is 0.05-0.06 MPa, continuing to raise the temperature for two rounds, refining for 1-2 min, obtaining alloy melt for two rounds, and pouring the alloy melt for two rounds into a mold for casting molding to obtain an alloy ingot;
s3, annealing: and (5) putting the alloy ingot in the step S2 into an annealing furnace to anneal to room temperature.
6. The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, according to claim 5, is characterized in that: and in the step S1, the pressure condition in the furnace is set to be 8-8.5Pa, and the pressure of argon filled in the furnace is 0.06 MPa-0.08 MPa.
7. The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in the step S2, the pressure condition in the furnace is set to be 9-9.5Pa, the temperature rise in one round is set to be 1050-1150 ℃, and the temperature rise in two rounds is set to be 1150-1250 ℃.
8. The preparation process of the corrosion-resistant 18K gold for jewelry, according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in the step S3, the initial temperature of the annealing furnace is set to 750 ℃, and the annealing furnace is vacuumized.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115011834A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of purple 18K gold-aluminum alloy with sweat corrosion resistance |
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| CN115011834B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-08-29 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of purple 18K gold aluminum alloy with sweat corrosion resistance |
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