CN112175928B - Application of protein encoded by salmonella bacteriophage gene as gram-negative bacteria lyase - Google Patents
Application of protein encoded by salmonella bacteriophage gene as gram-negative bacteria lyase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to application of a protein derived from salmonella bacteriophage gene coding as a lyase, wherein the amino acid sequence of the protein is shown as SEQ ID NO.2, and the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding the protein is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1. The invention discovers for the first time that the protein shown in SEQ ID NO.2 has the function of lyase and can cleave gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli and the like from inside, the lyase has high cleavage effect and has cleavage effect on various escherichia coli and salmonella.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to application of a protein derived from salmonella bacteriophage gene code as a lyase.
Background
The lyase generated by the phage code is generated at the later stage of the phage infected bacteria, and the lyase achieves the effect of bacteria splitting through acting on the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. At present, more researches on positive bacteria lyase internationally exist, and as cell wall outer membranes do not exist, the lyase added from an external source can directly act on bacteria, and the effects of bacteria cracking and sterilization can be achieved by cracking the cell walls of the bacteria. However, for gram-negative bacteria lytic enzymes, which have an outer cell wall membrane and are highly resistant to exogenously added lytic enzymes, most membrane-penetrating agents are used in combination with lytic enzymes in the current research, and the research finds that a small part of lytic enzymes have the capability of independently lysing negative bacteria, which is presumably related to the charge property of the lytic enzymes themselves. Most of phage lytic enzymes have the characteristic of double domains, namely a catalytic domain at the N end and a binding domain at the C end, wherein the binding domain is responsible for binding with a specific site on the cell wall of host bacteria, and the catalytic domain can specifically cut off a chemical bond on peptidoglycan, so that the effect of cracking the bacteria is achieved. In addition, some lyase enzymes with other structural features, such as some gram-negative bacteria lyase enzymes with the catalytic domain at the C-terminus and the binding domain at the N-terminus; some lyases also have a structure in which multiple binding domains or different catalytic domains are connected in series.
With the development of sequencing technology, large-scale virus metagenomics and culture technology, complete phage genome sequences in databases are increasing, and as the 9 months in 2019, the genome quantity exceeds 8000, and the continuous research of new phage genomes is beneficial to further understanding of diversity of phage genomes and interaction mechanisms between phage and bacteria. A plurality of functional proteins in the phage need to be mined, and can be predicted through ORF prediction, function prediction, virulence factor or drug resistance factor, so that scientific basis is provided for the safe application of the phage in the fields of food, medicine, agriculture and the like, and in addition, the development of the phage proteins, the evolution of the phage, the cracking mechanism and the like can be researched on the basis of the functional genomics analysis of the phage proteins. However, currently, there is still high inaccuracy in predicting the function of lyase through software, for example, experimental verification proves that the lyase with the cracking function only accounts for about 5% of the capacity of cracking live bacteria.
The bacteriophage lyase has wide application prospect in the fields of medical treatment, agriculture, food safety and the like due to high-efficiency bactericidal property, species specificity and safety, and the gram-positive bacterium lyase is applied to the field of food safety at present to successfully eliminate food-borne pathogenic bacteria. However, gram-negative bacteria lyase has few related application examples due to the restriction of its outer membrane. The lyase can be used for researching bacterial ghost vaccines or active substance delivery carriers by self-internally cleaving bacterial ghosts formed by gram-negative bacteria, however, not all lyases have good self-cleaving effect, and thus, part of lyases do not have the capacity of preparing the gram-negative bacterial ghost cells.
Ghosts are the outer cell membranes from gram-negative bacteria that do not contain all cytoplasmic components, but have an intact cellular morphology, including all cell surface structures. Thus the bacterial ghosts can be used as delivery vehicles for vaccines, drugs or active substances, etc. Compared with the traditional vaccine, the bacterial ghost serving as the vaccine has the advantages of targeting, inherent adjuvant property, no denaturation in the cracking process, retention of all antigenic determinants and the like. At present, bacterial ghost cells are successfully constructed in various strains such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The application of the protein derived from salmonella bacteriophage gene code as lyase, the protein sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO.2, and the coding nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
the application of the protein derived from salmonella bacteriophage gene code as lyase comprises the steps of directly preparing the lyase by utilizing the protein, wherein the lyase can be used for directly cracking cells by adding an inducer without adding any other materials and can be used for cell disruption in protein expression; the application of the invention also comprises the preparation of bacterial ghosts (pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella) by utilizing the gene for encoding the protein, and the prepared bacterial ghost cells are used as antigen substances for vaccine preparation and can also be used as delivery vectors of medicines, heterologous antigens, nucleic acids and the like, which are safer due to the lack of inclusion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention discovers for the first time that the protein shown in SEQ ID NO.2 has the function of lyase and can crack gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli, salmonella and the like from inside;
2. the lyase provided by the invention has high lytic effect and has lytic effect on various gram-negative bacteria.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the PCR amplification product of ORF-40 of the inserted gene.
FIG. 2 shows PCR verification of the transformant of recombinant plasmid;
wherein A is PCR verification of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) -pBAD24-ORF 40 bacterial liquid; b is PCR verification of escherichia coli BL21(AI) -pBAD24-ORF 40 bacterial liquid; c is PCR verification of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLysS-pBAD 24-ORF 40 bacterial liquid; m: marker DL 2000; lanes 1-3: 3 transformants were picked for validation from the same strain. FIG. 3 is a graph of the lysis of self-induced engineered Escherichia coli;
wherein A isE.colithe cleavage curve of trans5 alpha-pBAD 24-ORF 40, B isE.coliThe cleavage curve of BL21(DE3) -pBAD24-ORF 40, C isE.coliThe cleavage curve of BL21(AI) -pBAD24-ORF 40, D isE.coliCleavage curve of BL21(DE3) plySs-pBAD 24-ORF 40.
FIG. 4 shows construction of chloramphenicol-resistant recombinant vectors and PCR verification of transformant bacterial fluid.
FIG. 5 is a lysis curve for Salmonella and E.coli containing the recombinant bacteriolytic plasmid pBAD24-ORF 40.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate, but not limit, the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that any parallel changes and modifications of the present invention, which are not specifically described, are within the scope of the present invention and are conventional in the art, may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention; the reagents or materials, if not specifically mentioned, are commercially available.
Example 1:
construction of engineering strains and determination of self-lysis curves
1. Lyase gene cloning and pBAD24-ORF 40 vector construction
Upstream and downstream primers ORF 40-F and ORF40-R of the inserted gene were designed using the base sequence of ORF40 (shown in SEQ ID NO.1, corresponding amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 2) as a template, and upstream and downstream primers pBAD24-F and pBAD24-R of plasmid linearization were designed using the sequence of plasmid pBAD24 as a template, and the primers ORF 40-F and ORF40-R of the inserted gene had homologous sequences to the primers pBAD24-F and pBAD24-R of plasmid pBAD24, and were synthesized by Shanghai Producer.
orf 40-f:ttgggctagcaggaggaattcaccatgaagtcgcgtcgaa ga aga
orf 40-r:caaaacagccaagcttgcacgttattattgcaccggtttt gaca
pbad24-f:taacgtgcaagcttggctgttttg
pbad24-r:ggtgaattcctcctgctagcccaa
The procedure for PCR amplification of the gene of interest ORF40 was as follows: taking 1 mu L gene as a template, adding 100ng of upstream and downstream primers ORF 40-F and ORF40-R respectively for PCR amplification, wherein the PCR conditions are as follows: (1) pre-denaturation at 94 ℃ for 10 min; (2) denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30sec, annealing at 55 ℃ for 30sec, extension at 72 ℃ for 30sec, 30 cycles; (3) extension at 72 ℃ for 5 min.
The linearized PCR amplification procedure for vector pBAD24 was as follows: using 1. mu.L gene as template, 100ng of each of the upstream and downstream primers pBAD24-F and pBAD24-R was added for PCR amplification under the following conditions: (1) pre-denaturation at 98 ℃ for 30 sec; (2) denaturation at 98 ℃ for 10sec, annealing at 60 ℃ for 30sec, extension at 72 ℃ for 2min for 30sec, 25 cycles; (3) extension at 72 ℃ for 5 min.
Constructing a recombinant plasmid pBAD24-ORF 40 by utilizing the principle of homologous recombination: transferring 1 muL of PCR product of inserted gene and 1 muL of PCR product of plasmid linearization into 50 muL of competence E.coli trans5 alpha, carrying out PCR verification on the transformant by taking ORF 40-F and ORF40-R as primers, and obtaining the full-length ORF40 gene through amplification, as shown in figure 1, wherein M is standard molecular weight DL2000, and 1-5 are amplification bands which are consistent with target size 576 bp.
2. Construction of large intestine engineering strain self-induced cracking system
The recombinant plasmids constructed in step 1 were transformed into E.coli trans5 α, E.coli BL21(DE3), E.coli BL21(DE3) pLysS and E.coli BL21(AI), respectively, correct transformants were picked and verified, the results of verification are shown in FIG. 2, a single clone of E.coli trans5 α -pBAD24-ORF 40, E.coli BL21(DE3) -pBAD24-ORF 40, E.coli BL21(AI) -pBAD24-ORF 40 and E.coli BL21(DE3) pLysS-pBAD 24-ORF 40 was inoculated into 5mL of the corresponding resistant LB medium, cultured at 37 ℃, 180rpm for 8h, 100 μ L was inoculated into 10mL of the corresponding resistant strain liquid, cultured at 37 ℃, 180rpm for 0.6, and introduced into E.coli strains of E.coli trans5 α -ORF 40 (DE 4640-pLysS-pBAD 24-ORF 40) and E.coli BL21(DE 4640) through induction, respectively, pBAD24-ORF 40 and pBAD 38-3638-ORF 40 (DE 5-3696L/3640, cultured at 37 ℃, 100 μ L The reagent was prepared by adding 1mol/L IPTG inducer and 20% arabinose to E.coli BL21(AI) -pBAD24-ORF 40, performing induction expression at 37 ℃ and 180rpm, respectively, and measuring OD600 value of the bacterial solution with the uninduced strain as a control, and plotting a lysis curve (FIG. 3).
As shown in FIG. 3, when the lyase gene (ORF 40) was expressed in trans5 α, BL21(DE3), BL21(DE3) plysS, BL21(AI) of engineered E.coli, the OD value decreased compared to the control, demonstrating that the ability of the lyase to self-endo-lyse facilitates the lysis of the engineered E.coli, which facilitates the release of the bacterial content, i.e., the release of recombinant proteins.
Therefore, a recombinant plasmid containing ORF40 gene can be constructed, the recombinant plasmid and a recombinant plasmid expressing heterologous protein are transferred into escherichia coli (the induction conditions of the two are different), the heterologous protein is induced and expressed, then IPTG and arabinose are added to induce and express the self-endolyase, and according to the cracking capability of SAR-endolysin, a physical crushing method can be replaced in a heterologous protein expression system, and an expression strain is cracked mildly; in addition, the method can be combined with a physical method, so that the disadvantages caused by the traditional physical crushing method (for example, the traditional physical crushing method has higher strength and can cause excessive cell crushing, which is not beneficial to the extraction of soluble protein) are avoided.
The results showed that the lytic enzymes showed different lytic effects for different engineered strains, and the OD of the bacteria solutions of E.coli trans5 alpha, BL21(AI), BL21(DE3) and pLysSBL21(AI) were respectively in 8h, 3.5h and 3.5h 600 The cracking efficiency is maximum at the moment when the cracking efficiency is reduced to the minimum.
Example 2:
construction of Escherichia coli ghost cells
1. Identification of chloramphenicol resistant pBAD24-ORF 40 recombinant plasmid
Coli X7213 competent cells were prepared, and the constructed recombinant plasmid pBAD24-ORF 40 was transformed into X7213 competent cells.
And carrying out PCR verification on the transformant by using ORF 40-F and ORF40-R as primers, and carrying out gel nucleic acid electrophoresis on PCR products to show that the size of a band is consistent with that of a target band, as shown in A in FIG. 4.
2. Conjugation transfer to Salmonella typhimurium and pathogenic E.coli
The bacterial ghost strain is constructed by conjugative transfer by taking salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 and escherichia coli ATCC700728 as recipient bacteria and escherichia coli X7213 carrying chloramphenicol resistant recombinant plasmid pBAD24-ORF 40 as donor bacteria. And (3) selecting transformants on a transformation plate for inoculation and culture, using bacterial liquid as a template, using ORF 40-F and ORF40-R as primers for PCR verification, wherein the verification result is shown as B and C in 4 in figure 4, and the result shows that the pBAD24-ORF 40 recombinant plasmid has been successfully transformed into Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 and Escherichia coli ATCC700728, so that recombinant strains Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311-pBAD 24-ORF 40 and Escherichia coli ATCC700728-pBAD 24-ORF 40 are obtained.
3. Drawing of bacterial ghost cell lysis curve
Selecting and inoculating the correct salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311-pBAD 24-ORF 40 and escherichia coli ATCC700728-pBAD 24-ORF 40 in a 5mL LB + Cm culture medium in a single clone mode, culturing at 37 ℃ and 180rpm for 8h, transferring to a 10mL LB + Cm culture medium according to the proportion of 1:100, culturing at 37 ℃ and 180rpm until OD600 is about 0.6, respectively adding an arabinose inducer with the final concentration of 0.2%, performing induction expression at 37 ℃ and 180rpm, taking an uninduced strain as a control, measuring the OD600 value of a bacterial liquid of the strain, sampling every 30min to draw a cracking curve, centrifuging after cracking to obtain ghost cells, centrifuging at 6000rpm for 15min to collect the cracked bacterial bodies, adding PBS to wash for 3 times, freeze-drying, and storing at-80 ℃.
The cleavage results are shown in FIG. 5, and the specific data are as follows:
the bacterial ghost cells prepared by the invention have similar effects to other bacterial ghost cells, the bacterial ghosts prepared by the embodiment can be used as efficient DNA vaccine vectors, and gene therapy application mainly focuses on DNA transfer to target cells to cause strong and effective immune response in human medicine, which is of great importance in research of new strategies of vaccine and tumor therapy. The DNA with negative charge can be combined on the bacterial inner membrane with positive charge through a transmembrane pore on the bacterial ghost surface, and the bacterial ghost surface has a perfect ligand, is combined with a receptor on the cell surface, and can guide the DNA vaccine into a receptor cell in a targeted manner.
When it is used in a DNA Vaccine vector, reference is made to Wen J, Yang Y, Zhao G, et al.Salmonella typhi Ty21a bacterial vector authors HIV-1gp140 DNA Vaccine-induced periphytol and microbial antigens response via TLR4 pathway [ J ] Vaccine,2012,30(39): 5733-:
mouse macrophage RAW264.7 was transfected with Ty21a salmonella ghosts loaded with hiv gp140 DNA vaccine and found that the ghosts were efficiently taken up. Compared with mice immunized with naked DNA vaccine, mice immunized with Salmonella ghost containing HIV gp140 DNA vaccine can induce strong systemic and local anti-gp 140 antibody response.
Loading of DNA into ghosts
DNA was transferred into Salmonella ghost cells by suspending Salmonella ghosts in a buffer containing HIV gp140 DNA (100mM NaCl,10mM sodium acetate,10mM HEPES, pH 7) (results showed transfection efficiencies of more than 50% when bacterial ghosts were loaded with a fluorescent protein expression plasmid).
Inoculating bacterial ghosts to macrophages
Inoculating the salmonella ghost containing the DNA into macrophages, wherein the macrophages grow best when the ratio of the salmonella ghost to the macrophages is 1: 10-1: 100, and collecting supernate for measuring the cell factors 12h, 24h, 36h and 48h after inoculation.
Mouse immunization experiment mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 100. mu.g of Salmonella ghost DNA vaccine, 20. mu.g of naked DNA or PBS, the same vaccines were inoculated every two weeks, mouse sera were collected at baseline time and 10 days after final immunization, stored at-20 ℃, and the amounts of antibodies were measured by ELISA method, respectively.
Sequence listing
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<120> use of protein encoded by bacteriophage gene derived from salmonella as gram-negative bacteria lyase
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actaataaag aaggtcttga aataatcggt aatgcagaag gttgtatgcg caacccgtat 180
gtatgcccta ctggttattt aacagttggc attggtagcc gcatctacag cgatgagccc 240
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Claims (2)
1. An in-situ cleavage of the protein encoded by bacteriophage gene from SalmonellaEscherichia coli) Or Salmonella enteritidis subspecies typhimurium serotype(s) ((Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium) The amino acid sequence of the protein is shown in SEQ ID NO. 2.
2. The use of claim 1 in the preparation of E.coli (E.coli) ((E.coli))Escherichia coli) Or Salmonella enteritidis subspecies typhimurium serotype(s) (ii)Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium) Application in ghost cells.
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| 沙门氏菌噬菌体裂解酶LysLorf22的制备及溶菌活性分析;蔡幸哲等;《江苏农业学报》;20200229;第36卷(第01期);212-218 * |
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