CN112171036A - Welding method - Google Patents
Welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112171036A CN112171036A CN202010951449.1A CN202010951449A CN112171036A CN 112171036 A CN112171036 A CN 112171036A CN 202010951449 A CN202010951449 A CN 202010951449A CN 112171036 A CN112171036 A CN 112171036A
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- welding
- welded
- aluminum plate
- steel plate
- alloy solution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
- B23K11/20—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded of different metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/34—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Welding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method, which comprises the following steps: respectively preprocessing a welded aluminum plate and a welded steel plate; preparing an alloy solution and coating the alloy solution on at least one of the welded aluminum plate and the welded steel plate to form a welded area; and overlapping the other one of the welding aluminum plate and the welding steel plate on the welding area and welding. According to the welding method, the alloy solution with the specific composition is coated between the joint surfaces of the welding areas of the welded steel plate and the welded aluminum plate, so that the appearance of brittle intermetallic compounds in welding spot nuggets can be prevented, the porosity of the welding spots is reduced, and the resistance spot welding performance of steel to aluminum alloy is improved. Compared with mechanical connection such as SPR (surface plasma resonance), FDS (fully drawn wire) and the like, the welding method has the advantages of low cost, good quality of welding joints and the like, and is easy to produce and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding method.
Background
For steel-to-aluminum alloy resistance spot welding, the solid solubility of the two metal materials is very low due to the large difference of the physical and chemical properties of the steel and the aluminum alloy, such as melting point, thermal expansion coefficient, resistivity, density and the like. When resistance spot welding is carried out between steel and aluminum alloy, brittle intermetallic compounds such as FeAl, FeAl2, FeAl3 and the like are easily formed between Fe and Al, and discontinuous section layers such as air holes, looseness and the like are easily generated in a welding spot nugget, so that the mechanical property of a spot welding joint is difficult to meet the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. To this end, an object of the invention is to propose a welding method. By coating alloy solution with specific composition between the joint surfaces of the steel and aluminum welding areas, brittle intermetallic compounds in welding spot nuggets can be prevented, the porosity of welding spots is reduced, and the resistance spot welding performance from steel to aluminum alloy is improved. Compared with mechanical connection such as SPR (surface plasma resonance), FDS (fully drawn wire) and the like, the welding method has the advantages of low cost, good quality of welding joints and the like, and is easy to produce and apply.
According to a welding method of the present invention, the welding method includes: respectively preprocessing a welded aluminum plate and a welded steel plate; preparing an alloy solution and coating the alloy solution on at least one of the welded aluminum plate and the welded steel plate to form a welded area; and overlapping the other one of the welding aluminum plate and the welding steel plate on the welding area and welding.
According to the welding method, the welded aluminum plate and the welded steel plate are respectively pretreated, so that impurities on the surfaces of the welded aluminum plate and the welded steel plate can be removed, and the strength during welding is improved. The welding area is formed by preparing an alloy solution and coating the alloy solution on at least one of a welded aluminum plate and a welded steel plate. The welding quality is improved as much as possible by overlapping the other of the welded aluminum plate and the welded steel plate in the welding area and welding.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preparing the alloy solution includes: niobium metal powder, nickel metal powder and copper metal powder are mixed and then added into a solvent.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the niobium metal powder, the nickel metal powder, and the copper metal powder is: 1: (55-60): (110-120).
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preparing the alloy solution includes: agitating the alloy solution to a viscosity of 0.7-0.85 pas.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the alloy solution is applied to a thickness of 1mm to 1.4 mm.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the pre-processing comprises: pickling the welded aluminum plate; carrying out pure water washing on the welded aluminum plate subjected to acid washing; immersing the welded aluminum plate subjected to pure water washing into an acetone solution; and (3) placing the welding aluminum plate at room temperature for airing.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the pre-processing comprises: removing oil and dust on the surface of the welded steel plate; placing the welded steel plate in an acetone solution; and (3) airing the welded steel plate at room temperature.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, welding the welded aluminum plate and the welded steel plate includes: preheating an upper welding head and a lower welding head; and respectively stopping the upper welding head and the lower welding head against the outer surfaces of the welding aluminum plate and the welding steel plate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the preheating current of the upper and lower welding heads is between 3.4kA and 4.6 kA.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the welding current is between 7.5kA and 8.5kA and the electrode pressure is between 4.8kN and 5.2 kN.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a welding method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
welding the aluminum plate 1; welding a steel plate 2; an alloy solution 3;
an upper welding head 4; and a lower welding head 5.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
A welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 2, the welding method including: respectively preprocessing the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2; preparing an alloy solution 3 and coating the alloy solution 3 on at least one of the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 to form a welding area; the other of the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 is lapped and welded to the welding area.
In the related art, for resistance spot welding of steel to aluminum alloy, the solid solubility of the two metal materials is very low due to the large difference between the physical and chemical properties of the steel and the aluminum alloy, such as melting point, thermal expansion coefficient, resistivity, density, and the like. When resistance spot welding is carried out between steel and aluminum alloy, brittle intermetallic compounds such as FeAl, FeAl2, FeAl3 and the like are easily formed between Fe and Al, and discontinuous section layers such as air holes, looseness and the like are easily generated in a welding spot nugget, so that the mechanical property of a spot welding joint is difficult to meet the requirement.
According to the welding method, the alloy solution 3 with the specific composition is coated between the joint surfaces of the steel and aluminum welding areas, so that the appearance of brittle intermetallic compounds in welding spot nuggets can be prevented, the porosity of the welding spots is reduced, and the resistance spot welding performance of the steel to the aluminum alloy is improved. Compared with mechanical connection such as SPR and FDS, the welding method has the advantages of low cost, good quality of welding joints and the like, and is easy to produce and apply.
According to the welding method of the present invention, by pretreating the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2, respectively, impurities on the surfaces of the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 can be removed, and the strength during welding can be improved. The welding area is formed by preparing an alloy solution 3 and coating the alloy solution 3 on at least one of the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2. By overlapping the other of the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 to the welding area and welding, the quality of welding is improved as much as possible.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, preparing the alloy solution 3 includes: niobium metal powder, nickel metal powder and copper metal powder are mixed and then added into a solvent. Niobium metal powder can be used as heterogeneous nucleation to promote the number of dendritic crystals in the spot welding process, so that grains are refined, and the effect of improving the compactness of a nugget structure is achieved; the nickel metal powder can promote the generation of aluminum-nickel-iron ternary phase and aluminum-nickel and iron-nickel binary phase, thereby avoiding the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds of iron and aluminum; the copper metal powder can promote the generation of Al2Cu、Al5The Cu binary toughness phase further reduces the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds. By adding the mixed niobium metal powder, nickel metal powder and copper metal powder into the solvent in the alloy solution 3, a metal compound with higher structural strength can be formed between the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 in the welding process of the alloy solution 3, and the connection strength between the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 is improved.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the niobium metal powder, the nickel metal powder, and the copper metal powder is: 1: (55-60): (110-120). The niobium metal powder, the nickel metal powder and the copper metal powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of: 1: (55-60): (110-120), in the above range, the alloy solution 3 can further enhance the effect of the alloy solution 3 on the welding strengthening, and the alloy solution 3 in the range has low cost, easy preparation and good feasibility.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, preparing the alloy solution 3 includes: the alloy solution 3 was agitated to a viscosity of 0.7 pas-0.85 pas. Stirring the alloy solution 3 to the viscosity of 0.7Pa · s to 0.85Pa · s to ensure that the alloy can be easily and better coated on the welded aluminum plate 1 or the welded steel plate 2, so that the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 form a stable welding area, the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 are more stably connected, and the welding quality is improved.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the alloy solution 3 is applied to a thickness of 1mm to 1.4 mm. Through setting up the thickness of 3 coatings of alloy solution between 1mm to 1.4mm, can let alloy solution 3 and welding aluminum plate 1 and welding steel sheet 2 fully contact, further improve welded stability, ensure that produced intermetallic compound is sufficient in welding process, can combine welding aluminum plate 1 and welding steel sheet 2 better, improve the reliability of welding back welding aluminum plate 1 and welding steel sheet 2.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the pre-processing comprises: pickling the welded aluminum plate 1; carrying out pure water washing on the welded aluminum plate 1 after acid washing; immersing the welded aluminum plate 1 subjected to pure water washing into an acetone solution; the welded aluminum plate 1 was left to dry at room temperature. By pickling the welded aluminum plate 1, the surface oxide of the welded aluminum plate 1 can be removed, and the welding quality can be improved. The welded aluminum plate 1 after acid washing is subjected to pure water washing, so that the surface of the aluminum plate can be cleaned by acid. And then, immersing the welded aluminum plate 1 subjected to pure water washing into an acetone solution, and performing ultrasonic cleaning, so that impurities and oil stains on the surface of the aluminum plate can be removed, and the strength during welding can be improved. And finally, placing the welded aluminum plate 1 at room temperature for airing, and finishing the pretreatment of the welded aluminum plate 1.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the pre-processing comprises: carrying out oil and dust removal on the surface of the welded steel plate 2; placing the welding steel plate 2 in an acetone solution; the welded steel plate 2 was left to dry at room temperature. Through deoiling the ash removal to welding steel sheet 2 surface, arrange welding steel sheet 2 in acetone solution center and carry out ultrasonic cleaning, can get rid of impurity and the oil stain on welding steel sheet 2 surface, intensity when further improving the welding.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, welding the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2 includes: preheating the upper welding head 4 and the lower welding head 5; the upper welding head 4 and the lower welding head 5 are respectively stopped against the outer surfaces of the welded aluminum plate 1 and the welded steel plate 2. The spot welding head is preheated, so that the effect of improving the contact effect of the alloy solvent and the section of the plate is achieved, and spot welding spatter is reduced. The upper welding head 4 and the lower welding head 5 are respectively prevented from abutting against the outer surfaces of the welding aluminum plate 1 and the welding steel plate 2, so that the welding steel plate 2 and the welding aluminum plate 1 can be connected more stably, and the welding quality is further improved.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the preheating current of the upper welding head 4 and the lower welding head 5 is 3.4kA to 4.6 kA. The preheating current of the upper welding head 4 and the lower welding head 5 is between 3.4kA and 4.6kA, so that the upper welding head 4 and the lower welding head 5 can be effectively preheated, the cooling speed of the upper welding head 4 and the lower welding head 5 is reduced, the welding stress is reduced, and the welding crack is favorably avoided.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the welding current is between 7.5kA and 8.5kA and the electrode pressure is between 4.8kN and 5.2 kN. During welding, the welding current is controlled between 7.5kA and 8.5kA, and the electrode voltage is controlled between 4.8kN and 5.2kN, so that the welding stability of the invention is further improved, and the welding forming and quality are improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, "the first feature" and "the second feature" may include one or more of the features.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more.
In the description of the present invention, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the first and second features being in contact with each other not directly but through another feature therebetween.
In the description of the invention, "above", "over" and "above" a first feature in a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method of welding, comprising:
respectively preprocessing a welded aluminum plate (1) and a welded steel plate (2);
preparing an alloy solution (3) and coating the alloy solution (3) on at least one of the welded aluminum plate (1) and the welded steel plate (2) to form a welding area;
and overlapping the other one of the welding aluminum plate (1) and the welding steel plate (2) on the welding area and welding.
2. Welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that said preparing of the alloy solution (3) comprises: niobium metal powder, nickel metal powder and copper metal powder are mixed and then added into a solvent.
3. The welding method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the niobium metal powder, the nickel metal powder, and the copper metal powder is: 1: (55-60): (110-120).
4. Welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that said preparing of the alloy solution (3) comprises: agitating the alloy solution (3) to a viscosity of 0.7-0.85 Pa-s.
5. Welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that the alloy solution (3) is applied to a thickness of 1-1.4 mm.
6. The welding method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treating comprises:
pickling the welded aluminum plate (1);
carrying out pure water washing on the welded aluminum plate (1) subjected to acid washing;
immersing the welded aluminum plate (1) subjected to pure water washing into an acetone solution;
and (3) placing the welding aluminum plate (1) at room temperature for airing.
7. The welding method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treating comprises:
removing oil and ash on the surface of the welded steel plate (2);
placing the welding steel plate (2) in an acetone solution;
and (3) airing the welding steel plate (2) at room temperature.
8. Welding method according to claim 1, wherein welding the welded aluminium sheet (1) and the welded steel sheet (2) comprises:
preheating the upper welding head (4) and the lower welding head (5);
and respectively stopping the upper welding head (4) and the lower welding head (5) against the outer surfaces of the welding aluminum plate (1) and the welding steel plate (2).
9. Welding method according to claim 8, characterized in that the preheating current of the upper welding head (4) and the lower welding head (5) is 3.4kA-4.6 kA.
10. Welding method according to claim 9, characterized in that the welding current is 7.5kA-8.5kA and the electrode pressure is 4.8kN-5.2 kN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010951449.1A CN112171036B (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2020-09-11 | Welding method |
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| CN202010951449.1A CN112171036B (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2020-09-11 | Welding method |
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| CN112171036A true CN112171036A (en) | 2021-01-05 |
| CN112171036B CN112171036B (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114939750A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-26 | 浙江骏马弹簧制造有限公司 | Composite spring type flexible coupling and welding method thereof |
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