CN112169965B - Ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system and application method thereof - Google Patents
Ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112169965B CN112169965B CN202011001141.7A CN202011001141A CN112169965B CN 112169965 B CN112169965 B CN 112169965B CN 202011001141 A CN202011001141 A CN 202011001141A CN 112169965 B CN112169965 B CN 112169965B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy
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Abstract
An ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system and a using method thereof comprise a feeding bin, a screw feeder, a high-voltage pulse crushing cavity, a pulse high-voltage electric generator, an output power supply, an insulating liquid storage pool and an oscilloscope. The method comprises the following steps: (1) ore is conveyed to the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity through the feeding bin and the screw feeder; insulating liquid is introduced into the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity; (2) outputting the voltage of the power supply; the ore is contacted with the anode and the cathode, and the current is transmitted to the pulse high-voltage generator; converting the current into ultra-high voltage direct current, and performing high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment on the ore; monitoring in real time through an oscilloscope; (3) after the ore is pretreated by high-voltage electric pulse, it is continuously discharged along with insulating liquid. The method has simple flow, stable system operation and easy control of product properties; the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment enables internal cracks and gaps of the ore to be increased sharply, mechanical properties of the ore are weakened, and ore grinding efficiency is improved remarkably.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and particularly relates to an ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system and a use method thereof.
Background
Grinding ore is used as the link with the largest energy consumption in the ore dressing process, and the ore grinding energy consumption accounts for 40-50% of the total energy consumption of an ore dressing plant; the loss consumption of the lining plate and the grinding medium of the mill accounts for 70-80% of the total loss consumption of the concentrating mill, so the concentrating mill has the key point of saving energy and reducing consumption in ore grinding operation.
Two means are usually provided for improving the ore grinding efficiency, one is to reasonably design and optimize the ore grinding process, select high-efficiency large-scale ore grinding equipment, adopt advanced lining plates and media, improve the automation level of a grinding machine and the like; compared with the ore grinding operation, the energy consumption of the crushing operation is much lower, so that more crushing and less grinding are reasonable and efficient treatment methods; another way to improve the ore grinding is to change the mechanical property and mineral dissociation property of the ore by reasonable technical means, thereby realizing the improvement of the ore grinding efficiency and the improvement of the separation index; common pretreatment means comprise magnetization roasting, strong magnetic preselection, X-ray separation, magnetic pulse, electric pulse, microwave treatment, high-pressure roller grinding and the like; currently, there is less research on weakening the mechanical properties of ores by pretreatment, followed by crushing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low mechanical crushing dissociation degree, large dust, serious over-crushing phenomenon and the like in the existing ore processing process, the invention provides an ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system and a use method thereof.
The system comprises a feeding bin 1, a spiral feeder 2, a high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9, a pulse high-voltage electric generator 3, an output power supply 5, an insulating liquid storage pool 8 and an oscilloscope 11; a discharge port of the feeding bin 1 is matched with a feed end of the screw feeder 2, and a discharge end of the screw feeder 2 is matched with a feed port of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9; the top of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is provided with a feed inlet 9-13, and the bottom is provided with a liquid inlet 9-14 and a discharge outlet 9-15; the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is internally provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode is connected with the two gas switches 4 in parallel through a lead, the pulse high-voltage electric generator 3 is connected with the two gas switches 4 through a lead, the negative electrode is connected with the output power supply 5 through a lead, and the output power supply 5, the one-way voltage regulator 6 and the input power supply 7 are connected in series; liquid inlets 9-14 of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 are communicated with an insulating liquid storage pool 8 through pipelines; the anode and the cathode are respectively connected with two poles of an oscilloscope 11 through signal wires, and each signal wire is respectively provided with at least one voltage divider 10.
The high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 comprises an insulating cylinder 9-5 and a material loading platform 9-1 inside the insulating cylinder; a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a feed inlet 9-13, and a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a liquid inlet 9-14 and a discharge outlet 9-15; a high-voltage cathode 9-3 is arranged above the material loading platform 9-1 and is used as a cathode, and the high-voltage cathode 9-3 is connected with an output power supply 5 through a lead; the material loading platform 9-1 is connected with a high-voltage anode 9-2, and the high-voltage anode 9-2 is used as an anode and is connected with the two gas switches 4 in parallel through a lead; the space between the high-voltage negative electrode 9-3 and the loading platform 9-1 is used for placing the ore 9-6; a fixing device 9-4 is also arranged above the material loading platform 9-1 and fixed on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 9-5; the high-voltage cathode 9-3 is fixed on the fixing device 9-4; the fixing device 9-4 is connected with a front section signal line 9-7, the front section signal line 9-7 is connected with a rear section signal line 9-8, the rear section signal line 9-8 is connected with one pole of the oscilloscope 11, so that one pole of the oscilloscope 11 is in conductive connection with the high-voltage cathode 9-3, and the other pole of the oscilloscope 11 is connected with the high-voltage anode 9-2 through a signal line; the voltage divider 10 is located between the front signal line 9-7 and the rear signal line 9-8.
The high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 comprises an insulating cylinder 9-5 and a material groove 9-9 inside the insulating cylinder; a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a feed inlet 9-13, and a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a liquid inlet 9-14 and a discharge outlet 9-15; the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively a high-voltage positive electrode 9-2 and a high-voltage negative electrode 9-3, and the front ends of the high-voltage positive electrode 9-2 and the high-voltage negative electrode 9-3 are positioned inside the trough 9-9; the high-voltage anode 9-2 is connected with the two gas switches 4 in parallel through a lead, and the high-voltage cathode 9-3 is connected with the output power supply 5 through a lead; the space between the high-voltage anode 9-2 and the high-voltage cathode 9-3 in the material groove 9-9 is used for placing the ore 9-6; a fixing device 9-4 is also arranged above the trough 9-9 and fixed on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 9-5; the high-voltage cathode 9-3 is fixed on the fixing device 9-4; the fixing device 9-4 is connected with a front section signal line 9-7, the front section signal line 9-7 is connected with a rear section signal line 9-8, the rear section signal line 9-8 is connected with one pole of the oscilloscope 11, so that one pole of the oscilloscope 11 is in conductive connection with the high-voltage cathode 9-3, and the other pole of the oscilloscope 11 is connected with the high-voltage anode 9-2 through a signal line; the voltage divider 10 is located between the front signal line 9-7 and the rear signal line 9-8.
The high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 comprises an insulating cylinder 9-5 and a screen 9-10 inside the insulating cylinder; a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a feed inlet 9-13, and a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a liquid inlet 9-14 and a discharge outlet 9-15; a rod-shaped high-voltage anode 9-11 is used as an anode and passes through a horizontally placed screen 9-10; the bottom ends of the rodlike high-voltage anodes 9-11 are connected with the two gas switches 4 in parallel through leads, and the top ends of the rodlike high-voltage anodes 9-11 are positioned above the screens 9-10; the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode 9-12 is used as a negative electrode, the inner space of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is in an inverted round table shape, the top edge of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is connected with the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 9-5, and the bottom edge of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is connected with the screen 9-10; the top end of the rod-shaped high-voltage anode 9-11 is positioned inside the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12; the inner space of the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12 is used for placing the ore 9-6; one end of the front section signal wire 9-7 is connected with a funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12, the other end is connected with a rear section signal wire 9-8, the rear section signal wire 9-8 is connected with one pole of an oscilloscope 11, so that the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12 is in conductive connection with one pole of the oscilloscope 11, and the other pole of the oscilloscope 11 is connected with a rod-shaped high-voltage anode 9-11 through a signal wire; the voltage divider 10 is located between the front signal line 9-7 and the rear signal line 9-8.
The oscilloscope 11 described above is assembled with a computer 12.
The insulating cylinder 9-5 is made of PVC.
The voltage divider 10 is a hollow sphere made of stainless steel.
The material loading platform 9-1, the fixing device 9-4, the high-voltage anode 9-2, the high-voltage cathode 9-3, the trough 9-9, the rod-shaped high-voltage anode 9-11 and the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12 are made of stainless steel.
The screen 9-10 is made of polyethylene resin and has a 5mm aperture.
The horizontal distance between the bottom edge of the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12 and the rod-shaped high-voltage anode 9-11 is more than or equal to 20 mm.
The pulse high-voltage generator 3 is a Marx generator, and two ends of an inductance coil of the Marx generator are respectively connected with a gas switch 4.
The voltage output range of the pulse high-voltage generator 3 is 50-200 kV.
The discharge hole of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is communicated with the inlet of a feeding pump 13 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the feeding pump 13 is matched with the feed hole of a ball mill 14.
The application method of the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system is carried out according to the following steps:
1. placing ores with the particle size of 10-20 mm into a feeding bin 1, placing the ores into a screw feeder 2 through a discharging hole of the feeding bin 1, and continuously and quantitatively conveying the ores to a high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 through the screw feeder 2; insulating liquid is stored in the insulating liquid storage pool 8, the insulating liquid is introduced into the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 through the insulating liquid storage pool 8, and the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is kept above the ore;
2. starting an input power supply 7, and controlling the voltage of an output power supply 5 through a one-way voltage regulator 6; when the ore is contacted with the anode and the cathode, the current is transmitted to the pulse high-voltage generator 3 through the one-way voltage regulator 6, the output power supply 5, the anode, the ore, the cathode and the gas switch 4; the alternating current is converted into ultra-high voltage direct current under the action of the rectifying circuit, the voltage doubling circuit and the gas switch, pulse current is generated, repeated frequency secondary high voltage pulse discharge is carried out in the high voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9, and high voltage electric pulse pretreatment is carried out on ore; the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment is monitored in real time through an oscilloscope 11;
3. after the ore is pretreated by high-voltage electric pulse, pretreated ore is formed; the pretreated ore is continuously discharged from the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 along with the insulating liquid.
In the step 2, when the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment is carried out, the pulse voltage is 80-120 kV, the pulse frequency is 20-50 Hz, and the retention time of the ore in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is 20-80 min.
In the step 3, the discharged mixture of the pretreated ore and the insulating liquid is conveyed to a ball mill 14 through a feeding pump 13 for grinding until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 1mm, and then the mixture is made into powder ore.
The insulating liquid is deionized water.
In the method, the height of the insulating liquid storage pool 8 is matched with that of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9, the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the insulating liquid storage pool 8 is positioned above a communication pipeline between the insulating liquid storage pool 8 and the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9, and the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the insulating liquid storage pool 8 is equal to the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 in height; in the process of discharging the insulating liquid, the insulating liquid is supplemented into the insulating liquid storage pool 8, and the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is controlled to be positioned above the ore.
In the step 2, the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment is monitored in real time through the oscilloscope 11, and the voltage rise time is determined through the waveform of the pulse voltage; when the voltage rise time is less than or equal to 500ns, judging that the ore is punctured before the insulating liquid; and when the voltage rise time is more than 500ns, judging that the insulating liquid is broken down before the ore, and adjusting the input voltage until the voltage rise time is less than or equal to 500 ns.
The high-voltage electric pulse crushing is a new technology for crushing solid materials based on high-voltage discharge in insulating liquid, and when the high-voltage electric pulse is adopted for crushing metal ores, as the difference of electrical properties such as dielectric constant, conductivity and the like of useful minerals and gangue minerals in the metal ores is large, a discharge channel is easy to form along the interfaces of minerals with different components; the discharge channel expands under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure and further explodes to generate thermal stress expansion and shock waves, and the thermal stress expansion and the shock waves act together to intensify the expansion of primary cracks and defects in the ores and promote the formation of secondary cracks in the ores; the high-voltage electric pulse slowly inputs energy with small power into the intermediate energy storage device for a long time, realizes energy compression and conversion by means of rectification, filtering and a series of voltage doubling circuits to form pulse, and releases energy to a load with extremely high power density in extremely short time (the shortest time can be nanosecond); based on the difference of the interfacial properties of different mineral components, the minerals are preferentially cracked and dissociated along the grain boundaries by means of pulse discharge, and the useful minerals and the gangue minerals can be dissociated in a monomer mode under the condition of relatively coarse granularity, so that the ore grinding energy consumption can be reduced, and the separation index can be improved; due to the differences in electrical properties of different mineral components, discharge channels are easily formed along the ore interface during the pulse discharge process. The discharge channel expands and explodes under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment, so that primary cracks in the ore are promoted to expand and secondary cracks are promoted to germinate, the mineral dissociation characteristics are obviously enhanced, and the mechanical characteristics of the ore are weakened; a large number of secondary cracks generated in the ore particles greatly reduce the Bond ball milling power index of the crushed product, thereby achieving the purposes of saving energy, reducing consumption, improving ore milling efficiency, improving separation effect and the like.
The invention obtains the key parameters in the pulse discharge process in real time by means of an oscilloscope and a computer, and realizes the real-time monitoring and intelligent control of high-voltage electric pulse signals; in order to meet the requirements of multiple tests on artificial test pieces and actual ores, the invention designs three crushing cavities with different forms, so that the ores and the high-voltage electrode are crushed in different contact modes; the forming system of high-voltage pulse discharge is placed in transformer oil, so that elements such as a capacitor, an inductance coil and the like are well isolated from air, and the safety performance of equipment is remarkably improved; the screen structure of the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment equipment can realize that qualified size fraction products are screened in time and are conveyed to a subsequent operation link, so that the waste of energy is avoided; the method has simple flow, stable system operation and easy control of product properties; the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment enables the ore to generate cracks preferentially along the grain boundary, and the mineral monomer dissociation degree is obviously improved; in addition, the internal cracks and gaps of the ore are increased sharply, the mechanical property of the ore is weakened, and the ore grinding efficiency is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system for ore according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a high-voltage electric pulse crushing chamber in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a high-voltage electric pulse crushing chamber in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a high-voltage electric pulse crushing chamber in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a feeding bin, 2, a feeding screw feeder, 3, a high-voltage electric pulse forming device, 4, a gas switch, 5, an output power supply, 6, a one-way voltage regulator, 7, an input power supply, 8, an insulating liquid storage pool, 9, a high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity, 9-1, a loading platform, 9-2, a high-voltage anode, 9-3, a high-voltage cathode, 9-4, a fixing device, 9-5, an insulating cylinder, 9-6, ore, 9-7, a front section signal line, 9-8, a rear section signal line, 9-9, a trough, 9-10, a screen, 9-11, a rod-shaped high-voltage anode, 9-12, a funnel-type high-voltage cathode, 10, a voltage divider, 11, an oscilloscope, 12, a computer, 13, a feeding pump, 14 and a ball mill are arranged;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of an interface fracture of a pretreated ore according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image at a molten gas hole of a pretreated ore in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an SEM image of pretreated ore according to example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, the voltage of the input power supply is 220V, and the frequency is 50 Hz.
The input voltage of the single-phase voltage regulator in the embodiment of the invention is 0-250V, and the frequency is 50 Hz.
The gas switch in the embodiment of the invention is arranged according to the technology recorded in the high-voltage switchgear practical technology; each gas switch comprises two trigger balls; the trigger ball is made of copper and has a diameter of 20 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fixing device is annular.
The Marx generator in the embodiment of the invention is arranged according to a scheme recorded in pulse power technology and application.
The model of the oscilloscope in the embodiment of the invention is VC1100 AN.
The voltage divider in the embodiment of the invention is a hollow sphere with the diameter of 15cm and is made of stainless steel.
The insulating cylinder in the embodiment of the invention is made of PVC.
The material loading platform, the fixing device, the high-voltage anode, the high-voltage cathode, the trough, the rod-shaped high-voltage anode and the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode in the embodiment of the invention are made of stainless steel.
The screen 9-10 in the embodiment of the invention is made of polyethylene resin and has a pore diameter of 5 mm.
The voltage divider in the embodiment of the invention is used for protecting an oscilloscope and other related circuit elements in a high-voltage circuit, and the resistance value is 5k omega.
The horizontal distance between the bottom edge of the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode and the rod-shaped high-voltage anode in the embodiment of the invention is more than or equal to 20 mm;
the screen in the embodiment of the invention is used for controlling the granularity of the crushed product, ensuring that qualified granularity is screened in time, reducing over-crushing and improving the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment efficiency.
The insulating liquid in the embodiment of the invention is used for reducing the loss of pulse voltage and leading the voltage to be intensively acted on ores.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment is monitored in real time by the oscilloscope 11, and the voltage rise time is determined by the waveform of the pulse voltage; when the voltage rise time is less than or equal to 500ns, judging that the ore is punctured before the insulating liquid; and when the voltage rise time is more than 500ns, judging that the insulating liquid is broken down before the ore, and adjusting the input voltage until the voltage rise time is less than or equal to 500 ns.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
The structure of the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system is shown in figure 1, and comprises a feeding bin 1, a spiral feeder 2, a high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9, a pulse high-voltage electric generator 3, an output power supply 5, an insulating liquid storage pool 8 and an oscilloscope 11; the structure of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is shown in figure 2;
a discharge port of the feeding bin 1 is matched with a feed end of the screw feeder 2, and a discharge end of the screw feeder 2 is matched with a feed port of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9; the top of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is provided with a feed inlet 9-13, and the bottom is provided with a liquid inlet 9-14 and a discharge outlet 9-15;
the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is internally provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode is connected with the two gas switches 4 in parallel through a lead, the pulse high-voltage electric generator 3 is connected with the two gas switches 4 through a lead, the negative electrode is connected with the output power supply 5 through a lead, and the output power supply 5, the one-way voltage regulator 6 and the input power supply 7 are connected in series; liquid inlets 9-14 of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 are communicated with an insulating liquid storage pool 8 through pipelines;
the anode and the cathode are respectively connected with two poles of an oscilloscope 11 through signal wires, and each signal wire is respectively provided with at least one voltage divider 10;
the oscilloscope 11 is assembled with the computer 12;
the pulse high-voltage generator 3 is a Marx generator, and two ends of an inductance coil of the Marx generator are respectively connected with a gas switch 4;
the voltage output range of the pulse high-voltage generator 3 is 50-200 kV;
the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 comprises an insulating cylinder 9-5 and a material loading platform 9-1 inside the insulating cylinder; a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a feed inlet 9-13, and a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a liquid inlet 9-14 and a discharge outlet 9-15; a high-voltage cathode 9-3 is arranged above the material loading platform 9-1 and is used as a cathode, and the high-voltage cathode 9-3 is connected with an output power supply 5 through a lead; the material loading platform 9-1 is connected with a high-voltage anode 9-2, and the high-voltage anode 9-2 is used as an anode and is connected with the two gas switches 4 in parallel through a lead; the space between the high-voltage negative electrode 9-3 and the loading platform 9-1 is used for placing the ore 9-6; a fixing device 9-4 is also arranged above the material loading platform 9-1 and fixed on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 9-5; the high-voltage cathode 9-3 is fixed on the fixing device 9-4; the fixing device 9-4 is connected with a front section signal line 9-7, the front section signal line 9-7 is connected with a rear section signal line 9-8, the rear section signal line 9-8 is connected with one pole of the oscilloscope 11, so that one pole of the oscilloscope 11 is in conductive connection with the high-voltage cathode 9-3, and the other pole of the oscilloscope 11 is connected with the high-voltage anode 9-2 through a signal line; the voltage divider 10 is positioned between the front section signal line 9-7 and the rear section signal line 9-8;
the discharge hole of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is communicated with the inlet of a feeding pump 13 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the feeding pump 13 is matched with the feed hole of a ball mill 14;
the method comprises the following steps:
placing ores with the particle size of 10-20 mm into a feeding bin 1, placing the ores into a screw feeder 2 through a discharging hole of the feeding bin 1, and continuously and quantitatively conveying the ores to a high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 through the screw feeder 2; insulating liquid is stored in the insulating liquid storage pool 8, the insulating liquid is introduced into the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 through the insulating liquid storage pool 8, and the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is kept above the ore; the insulating liquid is deionized water;
starting an input power supply 7, and controlling the voltage of an output power supply 5 through a one-way voltage regulator 6; when the ore is contacted with the anode and the cathode, the current is transmitted to the pulse high-voltage generator 3 through the one-way voltage regulator 6, the output power supply 5, the anode, the ore, the cathode and the gas switch 4; the alternating current is converted into ultra-high voltage direct current under the action of the rectifying circuit, the voltage doubling circuit and the gas switch, pulse current is generated, repeated frequency secondary high voltage pulse discharging is carried out in the high voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9, high voltage electric pulse pretreatment is carried out on ore, the pulse voltage is 80kV, the pulse frequency is 30Hz, and the retention time of the ore in the high voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is 20 min; the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment is monitored in real time through an oscilloscope 11;
after the ore is pretreated by high-voltage electric pulse, pretreated ore is formed; continuously discharging the pretreated ore from the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 along with the insulating liquid; the mixture of the pretreated ore and the insulating liquid is conveyed to a ball mill 14 through a feeding pump 13 for grinding until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 1mm, and then the mixture is made into fine ore;
the height of the insulating liquid storage pool 8 is matched with that of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9, and the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the insulating liquid storage pool 8 is positioned above a communicating pipeline between the insulating liquid storage pool 8 and the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9, so that the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the insulating liquid storage pool 8 is equal to that of the insulating liquid in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 in height; in the process of discharging the insulating liquid, supplementing the insulating liquid into the insulating liquid storage pool 8, and controlling the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 to be positioned above the ore;
the adopted ore is certain magnetite of Anshan mountain, and the components of the Anshan magnetite comprise 28.54 percent of TFe and SiO in percentage by mass2 53.44％，FeO
13.51％，MgO 2.02％，CaO 1.23％，P 0.037％，Al2O32.59 percent; the iron phase content is 2.83 percent of red-brown iron ore, 20.93 percent of magnetic iron, 2.45 percent of ferric silicate, 1.99 percent of ferric carbonate and 0.63 percent of ferric sulfide by mass percent; the iron phase distribution rate is 9.92 percent of hematite and limonite, 73.32 percent of magnetic iron, 8.58 percent of ferric silicate, 6.97 percent of ferric carbonate and 2.21 percent of ferric sulfide by mass percent;
the SEM image of the interface fracture of the pretreated ore is shown in FIG. 5, and the SEM image at the molten gas hole is shown in FIG. 6;
grinding ore by a three-roller four-cylinder rod mill, wherein the mass concentration of ore pulp is 70% during grinding, the grinding time is 3min, and the yield of the ore pulp with the granularity of 0.074mm in the obtained fine ore is 57.95%; -0.5+0.074mm monomer dissociation degree 41.82%; performing magnetic separation on the obtained fine ore, wherein the magnetic field intensity is 0.107T, the magnetic separation time is 3min, the TFe grade of the obtained magnetic concentrate is 65.75 percent, and the iron recovery rate is 76.37 percent;
directly grinding the same magnetite without high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment to prepare a comparative pretreated ore, and grinding under the same conditions, wherein the yield of the fine ore with the granularity of-0.074 mm is 50.42%, and the monomer dissociation degree of-0.5 +0.074mm is 34.29%; performing magnetic separation under the same conditions to obtain magnetic concentrate with TFe grade of 61.3 percent and iron recovery rate of 71.53 percent;
compared with mechanical crushing, the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment can obviously improve the yield of a part of-0.074 mm and obviously improve the monomer dissociation degree of a crushed product; the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment mainly takes grain boundary crushing as a main part, remarkably improves the monomer dissociation degree of a crushed product, further improves the separation index, can remarkably increase cracks and holes in the ore, promotes the mechanical property of the ore to be weakened, ensures that the ore is more easily ground, and effectively improves the ore grinding efficiency.
Example 2
The structure of the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
the structure of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is shown in figure 3 and comprises an insulating cylinder 9-5 and a material groove 9-9 inside the insulating cylinder; a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a feed inlet 9-13, and a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a liquid inlet 9-14 and a discharge outlet 9-15; the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively a high-voltage positive electrode 9-2 and a high-voltage negative electrode 9-3, and the front ends of the high-voltage positive electrode 9-2 and the high-voltage negative electrode 9-3 are positioned inside the trough 9-9; the high-voltage anode 9-2 is connected with the two gas switches 4 in parallel through a lead, and the high-voltage cathode 9-3 is connected with the output power supply 5 through a lead; the space between the high-voltage anode 9-2 and the high-voltage cathode 9-3 in the material groove 9-9 is used for placing the ore 9-6; a fixing device 9-4 is also arranged above the trough 9-9 and fixed on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 9-5; the high-voltage cathode 9-3 is fixed on the fixing device 9-4; the fixing device 9-4 is connected with a front section signal line 9-7, the front section signal line 9-7 is connected with a rear section signal line 9-8, the rear section signal line 9-8 is connected with one pole of the oscilloscope 11, so that one pole of the oscilloscope 11 is in conductive connection with the high-voltage cathode 9-3, and the other pole of the oscilloscope 11 is connected with the high-voltage anode 9-2 through a signal line; the voltage divider 10 is positioned between the front section signal line 9-7 and the rear section signal line 9-8;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the pulse voltage is 120kV, the pulse frequency is 30Hz, and the retention time of the ore in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is 50 min;
(2) the adopted ore is Carlin type gold ore, contains 3.38g/t of Au and 1.0g/t of Ag, and contains 2.06 percent of C, 2.81 percent of MgO, 5.56 percent of CaO and SiO in percentage by mass2 56.46％，Al2O314.67 percent, Cu 0.006 percent, Pb 0.005 percent, Zn 0.012 percent, S0.84 percent, As 0.41 percent, Fe 3.27 percent and Sb 0.47 percent; the mineral phase content comprises, by mass, 0.94% of pyrite, 0.86% of arsenopyrite, 0.63% of stibnite, 0.56% of limonite, 1.99% of ferric carbonate, 32.46% of quartz, 29.24% of carbonate mineral, 19.4% of sericite, 5.16% of muscovite, 4.57% of feldspar, 2.89% of biotite, 1.95% of kaolin and 0.94% of apatite;
SEM images of the pretreated ore are shown in fig. 7;
grinding ore by a three-roller four-cylinder rod mill, wherein the mass concentration of ore pulp is 70% during grinding, the grinding time is 3.5min, and the yield of-0.074 mm in the obtained fine ore is 90%; mixing sodium cyanide and hydrated sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 1:10, adding the mixed material into water, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed material to the water is 1:100, and preparing a mixed solution; putting the fine ore into the mixed solution for leaching, wherein the leaching temperature is 30 ℃, and the leaching time is 12 hours; then filtering and separating leaching residues and leaching liquid; the leaching residue contains 1.99g/t of Au, and the leaching rate of gold is 40.8%;
directly grinding the same magnetite without high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment to prepare a comparative pretreated ore, and grinding and leaching under the same conditions, wherein the leaching residue contains 2.16g/t of Au, and the leaching rate of gold is 35.28%;
the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment obviously increases the porosity and the micro-cracks in the ore, promotes more leaching agents to enter the interior of the ore, increases the contact area between the agents and the gold minerals, and further improves the leaching reaction rate.
Example 3
The structure of the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
the structure of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is shown in figure 4 and comprises an insulating cylinder 9-5 and a screen 9-10 inside the insulating cylinder; a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a feed inlet 9-13, and a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder 9-5 is provided with a liquid inlet 9-14 and a discharge outlet 9-15; a rod-shaped high-voltage anode 9-11 is used as an anode and passes through a horizontally placed screen 9-10; the bottom ends of the rodlike high-voltage anodes 9-11 are connected with the two gas switches 4 in parallel through leads, and the top ends of the rodlike high-voltage anodes 9-11 are positioned above the screens 9-10; the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode 9-12 is used as a negative electrode, the inner space of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is in an inverted round table shape, the top edge of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is connected with the inner wall of the insulating cylinder 9-5, and the bottom edge of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is connected with the screen 9-10; the top end of the rod-shaped high-voltage anode 9-11 is positioned inside the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12; the inner space of the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12 is used for placing the ore 9-6; one end of the front section signal wire 9-7 is connected with a funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12, the other end is connected with a rear section signal wire 9-8, the rear section signal wire 9-8 is connected with one pole of an oscilloscope 11, so that the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode 9-12 is in conductive connection with one pole of the oscilloscope 11, and the other pole of the oscilloscope 11 is connected with a rod-shaped high-voltage anode 9-11 through a signal wire; the voltage divider 10 is positioned between the front section signal line 9-7 and the rear section signal line 9-8;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the pulse voltage is 100kV, the pulse frequency is 20Hz, and the retention time of the ore in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity 9 is 20 min;
(2) the yield of minus 0.074mm in the granularity in the fine ore obtained by grinding is 59.2 percent; the TFe grade of the magnetic concentrate obtained by magnetic separation is 66.26 percent, and the iron recovery rate is 75.31 percent.
Claims (4)
1. The application method of the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system is characterized in that the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system comprises a feeding bin, a spiral feeder, a high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity, a pulse high-voltage electric generator, an output power supply, an insulating liquid storage pool and an oscilloscope; a discharge port of the feeding bin is matched with a feed end of the spiral feeder, and a discharge end of the spiral feeder is matched with a feed port of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity; the top of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity is provided with a feed inlet, and the bottom of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity is provided with a liquid inlet and a discharge outlet; the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity is internally provided with an anode and a cathode, the anode is connected with the two gas switches in parallel through a lead, the pulse high-voltage generator is connected with the two gas switches through a lead, the cathode is connected with an output power supply through a lead, and the output power supply, the one-way voltage regulator and the input power supply are connected in series; the liquid inlet of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity is communicated with an insulating liquid storage pool through a pipeline; the anode and the cathode are respectively connected with two poles of the oscilloscope through signal wires, and each signal wire is respectively provided with at least one voltage divider; the pulse high-voltage generator is a Marx generator, and two ends of an inductance coil of the Marx generator are respectively connected with a gas switch; the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity comprises an insulating cylinder and a material carrying platform inside the insulating cylinder; a feed inlet is arranged on a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder, and a liquid inlet and a discharge outlet are arranged on a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder; a high-voltage cathode is arranged above the material carrying platform and is used as a cathode, and the high-voltage cathode is connected with an output power supply through a lead; the material loading platform is connected with a high-voltage anode, and the high-voltage anode is used as an anode and is connected with the two gas switches in parallel through a lead; the space between the high-voltage negative electrode and the loading platform is used for placing ores; a fixing device is also arranged above the material loading platform and fixed on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder; the high-voltage negative electrode is fixed on the fixing device; the fixing device is connected with the front section signal wire, the front section signal wire is connected with the rear section signal wire, and the rear section signal wire is connected with one pole of the oscilloscope, so that one pole of the oscilloscope is in conductive connection with the high-voltage negative pole, and the other pole of the oscilloscope is connected with the high-voltage positive pole through the signal wire; the voltage divider is positioned between the front section signal wire and the rear section signal wire; or the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity comprises an insulating cylinder and a material groove inside the insulating cylinder; a feed inlet is arranged on a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder, and a liquid inlet and a discharge outlet are arranged on a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder; the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively a high-voltage positive electrode and a high-voltage negative electrode, and the front ends of the high-voltage positive electrode and the high-voltage negative electrode are positioned in the trough; the high-voltage anode is connected with the two gas switches in parallel through a lead, and the high-voltage cathode is connected with an output power supply through a lead; the space between the high-voltage anode and the high-voltage cathode in the material groove is used for placing ores; a fixing device is also arranged above the material groove and fixed on the inner wall of the insulating cylinder; the high-voltage negative electrode is fixed on the fixing device; the fixing device is connected with the front section signal wire, the front section signal wire is connected with the rear section signal wire, and the rear section signal wire is connected with one pole of the oscilloscope, so that one pole of the oscilloscope is in conductive connection with the high-voltage negative pole, and the other pole of the oscilloscope is connected with the high-voltage positive pole through the signal wire; the voltage divider is positioned between the front section signal wire and the rear section signal wire; or the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity comprises an insulating cylinder and a screen inside the insulating cylinder; a feed inlet is arranged on a top plate connected with the top of the insulating cylinder, and a liquid inlet and a discharge outlet are arranged on a bottom plate of the insulating cylinder; a rod-shaped high-voltage positive electrode is used as a positive electrode and penetrates through a horizontally arranged screen; the bottom end of the rod-shaped high-voltage anode is connected with the two gas switches in parallel through a lead, and the top end of the rod-shaped high-voltage anode is positioned above the screen; the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is used as a negative electrode, the inner space of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is in an inverted round table shape, the top edge of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is connected with the inner wall of the insulating cylinder, and the bottom edge of the funnel-shaped high-voltage negative electrode is connected with the screen; the top end of the rod-shaped high-voltage anode is positioned in the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode; the inner space of the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode is used for placing ores; one end of the front section signal wire is connected with the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode, the other end of the front section signal wire is connected with the rear section signal wire, the rear section signal wire is connected with one pole of the oscilloscope, so that the funnel-shaped high-voltage cathode is electrically connected with one pole of the oscilloscope, and the other pole of the oscilloscope is connected with the rod-shaped high-voltage anode through the signal wire; the voltage divider is positioned between the front section signal wire and the rear section signal wire;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing ores with the particle size of 10-20 mm into a feeding bin, placing the ores into a screw feeder through a discharging hole of the feeding bin, and continuously and quantitatively conveying the ores to a high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity through the screw feeder; insulating liquid is stored in the insulating liquid storage pool, the insulating liquid is introduced into the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity through the insulating liquid storage pool, and the liquid level of the insulating liquid in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity is kept above the ore;
(2) starting an input power supply, and controlling the voltage of an output power supply through a one-way voltage regulator; when the ore is contacted with the anode and the cathode, the current is transmitted to the pulse high-voltage generator through the one-way voltage regulator, the output power supply, the cathode, the ore, the anode and the gas switch; under the action of the rectifying circuit, the voltage doubling circuit and the gas switch, the alternating current is converted into ultrahigh-voltage direct current, pulse current is generated, repeated-frequency secondary high-voltage pulse discharge is carried out in the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity, and high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment is carried out on ores; monitoring the high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment in real time through an oscilloscope; when high-voltage electric pulse pretreatment is carried out, the pulse voltage is 80-120 kV, the pulse frequency is 20-50 Hz, and the retention time of ores in a high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity is 20-80 min;
(3) after the ore is pretreated by high-voltage electric pulse, pretreated ore is formed; and continuously discharging the pretreated ore from the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity along with the insulating liquid.
2. The use method of the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage divider is a hollow sphere made of stainless steel.
3. The use method of the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge port of the high-voltage electric pulse crushing cavity is communicated with the inlet of a feed pump through a pipeline, and the outlet of the feed pump is matched with the feed port of the ball mill.
4. The use method of the ore high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein the insulating liquid is deionized water.
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