CN112169750A - Application of basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in preparation of cationic dye adsorbent - Google Patents
Application of basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in preparation of cationic dye adsorbent Download PDFInfo
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- carbon nitride
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- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 67
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical group C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphitic carbon nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical group [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/223—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
Abstract
The invention provides an application of basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in preparation of a cationic dye adsorbent. The preparation method of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a precursor of carbon nitride and basic sylvite, and grinding to obtain a solid mixture; (2) and (2) placing the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) into a muffle furnace for calcining to obtain the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride. The surface-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride material can be prepared in one step, the preparation process is simple, the operation is convenient, the environment is friendly, the large-scale preparation can be realized, and the adsorption performance on cationic dyes in water is excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material preparation and water treatment, and particularly relates to application of basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in preparation of a cationic dye adsorbent.
Background
Dyes are a representative class of organic contaminants, primarily from the dye synthesis, printing and paper industry, which have been detected in many rivers and are of great interest due to their non-biodegradability, carcinogenicity, bioaccumulation, high toxicity and color depth. The treatment method of the dye wastewater comprises a biological treatment method, an adsorption method, a chemical oxidation method, a membrane separation method, an electrodialysis method, an ion exchange method and the like, and among the methods, the adsorption technology has low cost, simple operation, environmental protection and effectiveness, and is an ideal method for removing the dye in the wastewater. Among them, activated carbon has become a popular choice for adsorbing dyes in wastewater, but its high cost brings economic problems.
CN110975917A discloses a defect-state carbon nitride material, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the material comprises the following specific steps: and (3) uniformly mixing the potassium hydroxide solution with a certain mass concentration and the urea aqueous solution for reaction, and drying. And calcining in a muffle furnace by adopting a thermal polymerization method to obtain the defective carbon nitride material. The material is easy to obtain, high in removal efficiency, non-toxic and harmless, and can be produced in large scale. However, the material is used for removing methylene blue in wastewater by a photocatalysis method, but the adsorption of cationic dyes by the material is not studied.
CN109012728A discloses a catalyst for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide by catalytic oxygen reduction under visible light and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is a graphite-phase carbon nitride catalyst doped with phosphorus and potassium, the graphite-phase carbon nitride material is from thermal polymerization of urea, and phosphorus and potassium elements are introduced in situ during the thermal polymerization of the urea and are doped in a framework structure of the graphite-phase carbon nitride. The invention utilizes the doping component to catalyze the oxygen reduction of the graphite-phase carbon nitride to synthesize the hydrogen peroxide under the visible light, but the adsorption of the potassium-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride to the cationic dye is not researched.
Therefore, it is very important to develop a novel dye adsorbent which is simple, green, efficient and low in cost to treat dye wastewater.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the application of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in the preparation of the cationic dye adsorbent. The alkaline sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has more negative charges on the surface, and has excellent adsorption effect on cationic dye.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an application of basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in preparation of a cationic dye adsorbent.
Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C)3N4) The two-dimensional layered material is a novel two-dimensional layered material, can be synthesized by a simple pyrolysis method, and has the characteristics of excellent chemical stability, thermal stability, no toxicity and environmental friendliness. At the same time, g-C3N4The high-ordered 3-s-triazine or triazine structural unit can be stacked through hydrophobic effect and pi-pi interaction, and can adsorb aromatic pollutants through a conjugated pi area, so that the high-ordered 3-s-triazine or triazine structural unit becomes a potential effective adsorbent. However g-C3N4The adsorption capacity for aromatic compounds is insufficient, and therefore it is necessary to further increase g-C3N4The adsorptive properties of the material. The basic sylvite is adopted to modify the graphite-phase carbon nitride, and the modified basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has more negative charges on the surface and has excellent adsorption effect on cationic dye.
Preferably, the adsorption capacity of the basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride to the cationic dye is 5 to 310mg/g, and may be, for example, 5mg/g, 10mg/g, 50mg/g, 60mg/g, 80mg/g, 100mg/g, 120mg/g, 140mg/g, 160mg/g, 180mg/g, 200mg/g, 220mg/g, 240mg/g, 260mg/g, 280mg/g, 310mg/g, or the like.
Preferably, the cationic dye is methylene blue, and the adsorption capacity of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride to the cationic dye is 50-310mg/g, such as 50mg/g, 80mg/g, 120mg/g, 160mg/g, 200mg/g, 230mg/g, 260mg/g, 290mg/g, 310mg/g, and the like.
In the invention, the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has adsorption effect on various cationic dyes, but surprisingly, the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has specific adsorption effect on cationic dye methylene blue, and the adsorption capacity can reach 50-310 mg/g.
Preferably, the cationic dye is rhodamine B and/or methyl orange, and the adsorption capacity of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride to the cationic dye is 5-10mg/g, such as 5mg/g, 6mg/g, 7mg/g, 8mg/g, 9mg/g, 10mg/g, and the like.
Preferably, the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has a rich and loose porous structure.
Preferably, the pore volume of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 0.03-0.06cm3Per g, may be, for example, 0.03cm3/g、0.04cm3/g、0.05cm3/g、0.06cm3And/g, etc.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 20-30nm, such as 20nm, 22nm, 24nm, 26nm, 28nm, 30nm and the like.
Preferably, the specific surface area of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 6.0-50.0m2Per g, may be, for example, 6.0m2/g、10.0m2/g、20.0m2/g、30.0m2/g、40.0m2/g、50.0m2And/g, etc.
Preferably, the preparation method of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a precursor of carbon nitride and basic sylvite, and grinding to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) and (2) placing the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) into a muffle furnace for calcining to obtain the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride.
According to the invention, melamine or urea is used as a precursor, potassium oxalate or potassium hydroxide is used as an alkali potassium salt adjuvant, and a one-step blending and calcining method is adopted to prepare the modified graphite-phase carbon nitride material. The surface-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride material can be prepared in one step, the preparation process is simple, the operation is convenient, the environment is friendly, the large-scale preparation can be realized, and the adsorption performance on cationic dyes in water is excellent.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the precursor of the carbon nitride to the basic potassium salt in the step (1) is (3-10): (0.1-1);
wherein "3-10" can be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.;
wherein "0.1 to 1" may be 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, etc.
Preferably, the grinding time in step (1) is 10-30min, such as 10min, 12min, 14min, 16min, 18min, 20min, 22min, 24min, 26min, 28min, 30min, etc., preferably 20 min.
Preferably, the precursor of carbon nitride in step (1) is selected from melamine and/or urea;
preferably, the basic potassium salt in step (1) is selected from potassium oxalate and/or potassium hydroxide;
preferably, the calcination treatment procedure in step (2) is: heating to 500-600 deg.C (such as 500 deg.C, 520 deg.C, 540 deg.C, 560 deg.C, 580 deg.C, 600 deg.C) at a heating rate of 2-10 deg.C/min (such as 2 deg.C/min, 4 deg.C/min, 6 deg.C/min, 8 deg.C/min, 10 deg.C/min), and calcining at 500-600 deg.C (such as 500 deg.C, 520 deg.C, 540 deg.C, 560 deg.C, 580 deg.C, 600 deg.C) for 1-3h (such as 1h, 1.2h, 1.4h, 1.6h, 1.8h, 2h, 2.2h, 2.4h, 2.6h, 2.8h, 3h, etc.).
Preferably, the calcination treatment procedure in step (2) is: heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and calcining at 550 ℃ for 2 h.
Preferably, the preparation method of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride further comprises the step (3) of post-treatment after the step (2): and (3) grinding the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride obtained in the step (2), and then washing and drying the ground basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in sequence. Preferably, the washing solvent includes an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and/or an aqueous ethanol solution.
Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is 0.05 to 0.2M, and may be, for example, 0.05M, 0.06M, 0.08M, 0.1M, 0.12M, 0.14M, 0.16M, 0.18M, 0.2M, or the like.
Preferably, the ethanol aqueous solution has a mass concentration of 40 to 60 wt%, and may be, for example, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, or the like.
Preferably, the pH of the washed potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 6.8 to 7.2, and may be, for example, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, or the like.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 70-90 ℃, such as 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃ and the like, and the drying time is 10-15h, such as 10h, 11h, 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h and the like.
Preferably, the preparation method of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a precursor of carbon nitride and basic potassium salt in a mass ratio of (3-5) to (0.15-1), and grinding for 10-30min to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) calcining the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) in a muffle furnace, heating to 500-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and calcining at 500-600 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain the alkali sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride;
(3) and (3) grinding the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride obtained in the step (2), washing by sequentially adopting 0.05-0.2M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and 50% ethanol aqueous solution until the pH value of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 6.8-7.2, and drying at 70-90 ℃ for 10-15 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the alkaline sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has more negative charges on the surface, and has excellent adsorption effect on cationic dye.
(2) G to C of the invention3N4Compared with the porous g-C prepared by a hard template method and a soft template method3N4In a wordThe invention can not only effectively avoid the complicated operation steps and the harm to the environment of the hard template method, but also avoid the problem of the decomposition of the template agent in the soft template method, has simple operation, does not introduce other environmental pollutants,
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the microscopic morphology of the potassium hydroxide salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 2 under a scanning electron microscope.
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern for the basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 2.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing adsorption and desorption curves of the potassium hydroxide salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 2.
FIG. 4 is a Zeta potential diagram for the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in comparative example 1, example 2 and example 9.
FIG. 5 shows the microscopic morphology of the potassium hydroxide salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 6 under a scanning electron microscope.
FIG. 6 shows the microscopic morphology of the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 9 under a scanning electron microscope.
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the effect of adsorption of methylene blue solution by potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite phase carbon nitride provided in examples 1-3 and graphite phase carbon nitride provided in comparative example 1.
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the effect of adsorption of methylene blue solution by potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite phase carbon nitride provided in examples 4-6 and graphite phase carbon nitride provided in comparative example 2.
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the effect of adsorption of methylene blue solution by potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite phase carbon nitride provided in examples 7-9 and graphite phase carbon nitride provided in comparative example 3.
Fig. 10 is a graph comparing the effect of the basic potassium salt modified graphite phase carbon nitride provided in example 2 and the effect of the graphite phase carbon nitride provided in comparative example 1 on adsorption of three cationic dye solutions.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
The following examples and test examples were set up: scanning electron microscope (manufacturer: Zeiss, model: Zeiss Gemini 300); x-ray diffractometer (manufacturer: Dutch Pasnake corporation, model: X' Pert PRO MPD); zeta-potentiometers (manufacturer: Malvern instruments, Inc., UK, model: Zetasizerano); UV-visible spectrophotometer (manufacturer: American Hash, model: DR 5000).
Example 1
The embodiment provides a basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is prepared by the following preparation method:
(1) mixing 3.0g of melamine and 0.15g of potassium oxalate, and grinding for 20min to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) calcining the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) in a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and calcining at 550 ℃ for 2h to obtain basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride;
(3) and (3) grinding the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride obtained in the step (2), washing by sequentially adopting 0.1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and 50% ethanol aqueous solution until the pH value of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 7.0, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours.
Example 2
This example provides a basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is different from example 1 only in that 0.15g of potassium oxalate is replaced with 0.3g of potassium oxalate, and the other preparation steps are the same as in example 1.
Fig. 1 shows the microscopic morphology of the alkaline potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride after the post-treatment in this example under a scanning electron microscope, as shown in fig. 1, the surface of the modified carbon nitride sample is etched, and the layered structure is damaged. The pore volume of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 0.04cm3G, pore diameter of 27.9 nm. FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the graphite-phase carbon nitride modified with basic potassium salt after post-treatment in this example, as shown in FIG. 2, basic potassium salt vs. g-C3N4Has larger crystal form influence, and the modified carbon nitride sampleThe (100) crystal face disappears, indicating that the in-plane stacking structure is damaged, and the (002) crystal face strength is greatly reduced, indicating that the crystal growth is inhibited and the crystallinity is reduced. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the adsorption and desorption curves of the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride after the post-treatment in this example, as compared with carbon nitride (5.0 m)2G), specific surface area of the modified sample (6.9 m)2/g) did not increase significantly, indicating that the specific surface area is not the dominant factor in the increase in adsorption capacity.
Example 3
This example provides a basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is different from example 1 only in that 0.15g of potassium oxalate is replaced with 0.45g of potassium oxalate, and the other preparation steps are the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is prepared by the following preparation method:
(1) mixing 10.0g of urea, 0.5g of melamine and 0.105g of potassium oxalate, and grinding for 20min to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) calcining the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) in a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and calcining at 550 ℃ for 2h to obtain basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride;
(3) and (3) grinding the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride obtained in the step (2), washing by sequentially adopting 0.1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and 50% ethanol aqueous solution until the pH value of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 7.0, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours.
Example 5
This example provides a basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is different from example 4 only in that 0.105g of potassium oxalate is replaced with 0.210g of potassium oxalate, and the other preparation steps are the same as those in example 4.
Example 6
This example provides a basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is different from example 4 only in that 0.315g of potassium oxalate is substituted for 0.105g of potassium oxalate, and the other preparation steps are the same as those in example 4.
Fig. 5 shows the microscopic morphology of the alkaline potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride after the post-treatment in this example under a scanning electron microscope, and as shown in fig. 5, the modified carbon nitride shows a fluffy cotton shape and a loose structure. The pore volume of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 0.03cm3A pore diameter of 21.3nm and a specific surface area of 49.3 m/g2(ii) in terms of/g. Compared with original carbon nitride (42.7 m) prepared by calcining pure urea2In g), the specific surface area of the sample after modification is not greatly increased, which shows that the specific surface area is not the dominant factor for the increase of the adsorption capacity.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is prepared by the following preparation method:
(1) mixing 3.0g of melamine and 0.15g of potassium hydroxide, and grinding for 20min to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) calcining the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) in a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and calcining at 550 ℃ for 2h to obtain basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride;
(3) and (3) grinding the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride obtained in the step (2), washing by sequentially adopting 0.1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and 50% ethanol aqueous solution until the pH value of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 7.0, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours.
Example 8
This example provides a basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is different from example 7 only in that 0.15g of potassium oxalate is replaced with 0.30g of potassium hydroxide, and the other preparation steps are the same as those in example 7.
Example 9
This example provides a basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, which is different from example 7 only in that 0.15g of potassium oxalate is replaced with 0.45g of potassium hydroxide, and the other preparation steps are the same as those in example 7.
FIG. 6 shows modification of basic potassium salt after post-treatment in this exampleThe microscopic morphology of graphite phase carbon nitride in a scanning electron microscope is shown in fig. 6, and the surface of the modified carbon nitride is not smooth any more, becomes rough and has holes. The pore volume of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 0.06cm3Per g, pore diameter of 23.6nm and specific surface area of 8.2m2/g。
Comparative example 1
This example provides carbon nitride, which differs from example 1 only in that potassium oxalate is not added, and the other preparation steps are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
This example provides carbon nitride, which differs from example 4 only in that potassium oxalate is not added, and the other preparation steps are the same as example 4.
Comparative example 3
This example provides carbon nitride which differs from example 7 only in that potassium hydroxide is not added and the other preparation steps are the same as example 7.
Test example 1
Effect test on methylene blue adsorption
100mL of an aqueous methylene blue solution having a concentration of 60mg/L was measured, and 0.025g of the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in examples 1 to 9 and the carbon nitride provided in comparative examples 1 to 3 were added thereto, respectively, while stirring at room temperature. Dark adsorption is carried out for 0-24h, the adsorbent is separated from the solution through a nylon 66 filter membrane after 24h, and the obtained supernatant is analyzed by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and used for determining the concentration of the methylene blue solution in the solution before and after adsorption.
The specific test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Item | Methylene blue adsorption capacity mg/g | Item | Methylene blue adsorption capacity mg/g |
| Example 1 | 55.2 | Example 7 | 62.4 |
| Example 2 | 223.0 | Example 8 | 208.8 |
| Example 3 | 175.2 | Example 9 | 231.6 |
| Example 4 | 83.2 | Comparative example 1 | 16.8 |
| Example 5 | 275.2 | Example 2 | 54.4 |
| Example 6 | 307.2 | Example 3 | 22.3 |
As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the adsorption capacity of the potassium hydroxide salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride to methylene blue is 50-310mg/g, which is 0.5-13 times higher than that of unmodified carbon nitride, and this shows that the potassium hydroxide salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has excellent adsorption effect to methylene blue.
Wherein, FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of the effect of adsorbing methylene blue solution by the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in examples 1-3 and the basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in comparative example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 7 that after dark adsorption for 24h, the adsorption capacity of the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 2 to methylene blue is the highest, and is up to 223.0mg/g, compared with the bulk g-C prepared without adding potassium oxalate in comparative example 13N4The improvement is about 12.3 times, which shows that the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has excellent adsorption effect on methylene blue.
Wherein, FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the effect of adsorbing methylene blue solution by the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in examples 4-6 and the basic potassium salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in comparative example 2, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that the adsorption capacity of the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 6 to methylene blue is the highest, up to 307.2mg/g, after dark adsorption for 24 hours, compared with the bulk g-C prepared without adding potassium oxalate in comparative example 23N4The improvement is about 4.6 times, which shows that the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has excellent adsorption effect on methylene blue.
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the effects of adsorption of methylene blue solution on potassium hydroxide-modified graphite-phase carbon nitrides of examples 7 to 9 and on potassium hydroxide-modified graphite-phase carbon nitrides of comparative example 3, and it can be seen from FIG. 6 that the adsorption capacity of methylene blue on potassium hydroxide-modified graphite-phase carbon nitrides of example 9 is the highest, up to 231.6mg/g, after dark adsorption for 24 hours, compared with the bulk g-C prepared without potassium oxalate in comparative example 33N4The improvement is about 12.8 times, which shows that the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride has excellent adsorption effect on methylene blue.
FIG. 4 is a Zeta potential diagram of the potassium hydroxide salt modified graphite phase carbon nitride provided in comparative example 1, example 2 and example 9, and as shown in FIG. 4, the Zeta potential of the modified sample is more negative, indicating that the surface of the modified sample has more negative charges and the electrostatic attraction to methylene blue is enhanced.
Test example 2
Effect test of adsorbing rhodamine B and methyl orange
100mL of 10mg/L aqueous rhodamine B (RhB) solution and Methyl Orange (MO) solution were measured, and 0.025g of the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 2 and the carbon nitride provided in comparative example 1 were added to the solutions under stirring at room temperature to perform dark adsorption. And after dark adsorption for 24 hours, separating the adsorbent from the solution through a nylon 66 filter membrane, centrifugal separation and a polyether sulfone filter membrane respectively, and analyzing the obtained supernatant by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer to determine the dye concentration in the solution before and after adsorption.
The adsorption capacity of the potassium hydroxide salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride to rhodamine B is 6.12mg/g, the adsorption capacity to methyl orange is 5.08mg/g, which is higher than that of unmodified carbon nitride, and the result shows that the potassium hydroxide salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride also has a certain adsorption effect on other cationic dye pages, but has a specific adsorption effect on methylene blue.
Fig. 10 is a comparison graph of the effect of adsorbing different cationic dyes on the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride provided in example 2, and as can be seen from fig. 10, after dark adsorption for 24 hours, the adsorption capacity of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride of the present invention to methylene blue is significantly improved, but RhB and MO are not greatly improved, which indicates that the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride of the present invention has higher adsorption selectivity to methylene blue.
The applicant states that the invention is applied to the preparation of the cationic dye adsorbent by using the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride, but the invention is not limited to the examples, i.e. the invention is not limited to the examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An application of basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in preparing a cationic dye adsorbent.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the potassium hydroxide salt-modified graphitic carbon nitride has an adsorption capacity of 5 to 310mg/g for cationic dyes.
3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cationic dye is methylene blue, and the basic potassium salt-modified graphitic carbon nitride has an adsorption capacity of 50 to 310mg/g for the cationic dye;
preferably, the cationic dye is rhodamine B and/or methyl orange, and the adsorption capacity of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride on the cationic dye is 5-10 mg/g.
4. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the basic potassium salt-modified graphitic carbon nitride has a rich and loose porous structure;
preferably, the pore volume of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 0.03-0.6cm3/g；
Preferably, the aperture of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 20-30 nm;
preferably, the specific surface area of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 6.0-50.0m2/g。
5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the preparation method of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a precursor of carbon nitride and basic sylvite, and grinding to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) and (2) placing the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) into a muffle furnace for calcining to obtain the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor of the carbon nitride to the basic potassium salt in the step (1) is (3-10): 0.1-1;
preferably, the time for said grinding in step (1) is 10-30min, preferably 20 min.
7. Use according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the precursor of carbon nitride in step (1) is selected from melamine and/or urea;
preferably, in step (1), the basic potassium salt is selected from potassium oxalate and/or potassium hydroxide.
8. Use according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the calcination treatment in step (2) is carried out by: heating to 500-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and calcining at 500-600 ℃ for 1-3 h;
preferably, the calcination treatment procedure in step (2) is: heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and calcining at 550 ℃ for 2 h.
9. The use according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the preparation method of the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride further comprises a step (3) post-treatment after the step (2): grinding the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride obtained in the step (2), and then washing and drying the ground basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride in sequence; preferably, the washing solvent comprises an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and/or an aqueous ethanol solution;
preferably, the concentration of the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is 0.05-0.2M;
preferably, the mass concentration of the ethanol water solution is 40-60 wt%;
preferably, the pH value of the washed basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 6.8-7.2;
preferably, the drying temperature is 70-90 ℃, and the drying time is 10-15 h.
10. The use according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the basic potassium salt modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing a precursor of carbon nitride and basic potassium salt in a mass ratio of (3-10) to (0.1-1), and grinding for 10-30min to obtain a solid mixture;
(2) calcining the solid mixture obtained in the step (1) in a muffle furnace, heating to 500-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and calcining at 500-600 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain the alkali sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride;
(3) and (3) grinding the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride obtained in the step (2), washing by sequentially adopting 0.05-0.2M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and 50% ethanol aqueous solution until the pH value of the basic sylvite modified graphite-phase carbon nitride is 6.8-7.2, and drying at 70-90 ℃ for 10-15 h.
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