CN112166966A - Control method and device for short mushroom stems during fruiting - Google Patents

Control method and device for short mushroom stems during fruiting Download PDF

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CN112166966A
CN112166966A CN202011096578.3A CN202011096578A CN112166966A CN 112166966 A CN112166966 A CN 112166966A CN 202011096578 A CN202011096578 A CN 202011096578A CN 112166966 A CN112166966 A CN 112166966A
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mushroom
fruiting
workshop
pipeline
carbon dioxide
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王峰
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/69Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers

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Abstract

A control method of short mushroom stems during fruiting mainly comprises the steps of mushroom stick control of mushroom planting, temperature and humidity control and carbon dioxide control in a fruiting workshop, and mushroom stick control of mushroom planting: the mushroom sticks are placed in a fruiting workshop capable of controlling the internal environment, the mushroom sticks are placed on a rack and are vertically spaced, and the height of the rack is 4-5 m; temperature and humidity control in the fruiting workshop: the temperature of the fruiting workshop is controlled to be 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 50-70%, and the temperature and the humidity are controlled in a proper environment; controlling carbon dioxide: the concentration of carbon dioxide is generally controlled to be 555ppm-795ppm, so that the growth speed of mushroom stems is reduced, an exhaust well is arranged at the bottom in a mushroom production workshop, the content of carbon dioxide in air exhausted by the exhaust well is relatively high, and the air is sprayed on the surfaces of mushroom sticks with fast growth of mushroom stems at fixed points.

Description

Control method and device for short mushroom stems during fruiting
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling the planting of edible fungus in Qingyuan, in particular to a method and equipment for controlling short mushroom stems in fruiting.
Background
The edible fungus consists of mycelium and sporophore, the mycelium is nutritive organ and the sporophore is reproductive organ. The mushroom germinates into hypha from mature spore, the hypha is multi-cell, and the fruiting body of the mushroom is similar to a small opened umbrella when being mature. Consists of pileus, stipe, plectrum, pileus, pseudomycorrhiza and other parts. The edible fungi have the advantages of 'beautiful texture, fragrant flavor', rich nutrition and unique flavor, are vegetarian with 'crowns of various fungi and strong vegetables' beauty, and are one of the traditional 'delicacies' in China.
At present, the edible fungus cultivation mainly adopts modes such as greenhouse building cultivation, natural cultivation or high mountain cultivation, the modes are greatly influenced by the environment in the open air or in the semi-open air, nutrient substances such as temperature, humidity, oxygen content and the like required by the growth of the edible fungus are greatly influenced by the environment, however, the edible fungus is a large variety and is sensitive to the external environment, and the variety and the character of the edible fungus can be changed due to slight difference of the external nutrient substances.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for controlling short mushroom stems during fruiting, wherein the main nutrient influencing the length of the mushroom stems is the concentration of carbon dioxide.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the control method of short mushroom stems during fruiting comprises the steps that mushroom buds are seen on mushroom sticks and the mushroom stems enter a fruiting stage, and comprises a mushroom stick control method for planting mushrooms, a temperature and humidity control method in a fruiting workshop and a carbon dioxide control method;
the mushroom stick control method for planting mushrooms comprises the following steps: the mushroom sticks are placed in a fruiting workshop capable of controlling the internal environment, the mushroom sticks are placed on a rack and are vertically spaced, and the height of the rack is 4-5 m;
the temperature and humidity control method in the fruiting workshop comprises the following steps: the temperature of the fruiting workshop is controlled to be 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 50-70%, and the temperature and the humidity are controlled in a proper environment;
the control method of the carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: the concentration of carbon dioxide is generally controlled to be 555ppm-795ppm, so that the growth speed of mushroom stems is reduced, an exhaust well is arranged at the bottom in a mushroom production workshop, the content of carbon dioxide in air exhausted by the exhaust well is relatively high, and the air is sprayed on the surfaces of mushroom sticks with fast growth of mushroom stems at fixed points.
For further improvement, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting workshop is controlled to 765ppm-785ppm, the humidity is 50-70%, the temperature is 9-16 ℃, mushroom buds are cultured for 30-45 days in the environment to form edible fungi with the length of the mushroom stems being 8-15mm, the temperature is mainly controlled in the method, and the growth of the mushroom stems of the edible fungi is slow under the low-temperature environment generally.
Further perfecting, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting workshop is controlled to 765ppm-785ppm, the humidity is 50-70%, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, mushroom buds are cultured in the environment for 30-45 days to form edible mushrooms with the mushroom stem length of 10-18mm, the concentration of carbon dioxide is mainly controlled, and the mushroom stems generated when the carbon dioxide concentration is higher are shorter.
Further perfecting, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting workshop is controlled to be 675ppm-715ppm, the humidity is 50-70%, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, mushroom buds are cultured for 30-45 days in the environment to form edible fungi with the length of the mushroom stems being 15-22mm, and compared with the condition that carbon dioxide grows at a higher concentration, the mushroom stems generated during fruiting are longer.
Further perfecting, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting workshop is controlled to be 585ppm-615ppm, the humidity is controlled to be 50-70%, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, mushroom buds are cultured in the environment for 30-45 days to form edible fungi with the length of the mushroom stems being 20-27mm, and the mushroom stems generated during mushroom fruiting culture in the fruiting workshop with relatively low concentration are longer.
Further perfecting, the left end and the right end of the top of the fruiting workshop are connected with ventilating ducts backwards, the lower end of the exhaust shaft is connected with a bottom pipeline, the left side and the right side of the bottom pipeline are provided with a fan and a pipeline which blow air upwards, the fan is fixedly connected to the lower end of the pipeline, one side of the outer side of the pipeline facing the fruiting workshop is provided with an air outlet, the left end and the right end of the air outlet are provided with slideways, the upper end of the air outlet is fixedly connected with an extensible or contractible upper door curtain in a sealing way, the left side and the right side of the upper door curtain are connected to the left side and the right side of the air outlet in a sealing way, the left side and the right side of the upper door curtain are rotatably connected with a plurality of idler wheels, the idler wheels are connected to the inner side of the slideways in a sliding, the mushroom fruiting workshop is mainly used for controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to circulate in the workshop, the carbon dioxide generally sinks to the bottom due to heavier air and causes a layering phenomenon, the upper layer of the carbon dioxide concentration is lower and higher, the carbon dioxide circulation is promoted by the method, and the carbon dioxide with higher concentration at the bottom is sprayed to the edible food with lower concentration at the upper part through a circulation fixed point The fungus surface is used for inhibiting the growth of edible fungus stalks.
Further perfect, both ends are equipped with the air exhauster with the outer air suction about the play mushroom workshop top, go out mushroom workshop top and install the air conditioning pipeline, the air pipe sealing connection of the one end and the left end of air conditioning pipeline, the air conditioning pipeline other end and the air pipe sealing connection of right-hand member, the air exhauster front end is equipped with between the ultraviolet ray disinfection, both ends pass through between the ultraviolet ray disinfection and air pipe sealing connection about the air conditioning pipeline, control both ends ultraviolet ray disinfection room's upper end and air conditioning pipeline upper end and install the refrigerator, the air conditioning pipeline has a plurality of blow vent to going out mushroom workshop inside opening, and a plurality of blow vent interval arrangement is down the blast air between the mushroom frame, lets the edible fungi of breeding on the mushroom frame can all fully contact the air.
Further perfect, the fan lower extreme is located bottom pipeline both ends and is equipped with the water fog ware of cooling humidification, fan lower extreme pipeline and bottom pipeline junction are equipped with the filter that is used for the degerming, and the edible mushroom in the workshop that goes out the mushroom is more sensitive to miscellaneous fungus, and the air after the recirculation is provided with the degerming filter in the junction of pipeline and bottom pipeline for avoiding miscellaneous fungus entering, filters the air of recirculation.
Further perfect, the compensation mouth is equipped with the blade that can supply the adjustment wind direction, the blade not only can be adjusted the wind direction from top to bottom and also concentrate jet-propelled and dispersion jet-propelled two kinds of modes, for the fixed point spout higher concentration carbon dioxide to the region that the mushroom pole is very fast that grows, the blade can not only adjust the wind direction from top to bottom, can also concentrate and spout less region and the dispersion and spout great region and to the ration of fixed point more of single breed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention changes the traditional artificial planting mode of edible fungi in the past, and artificially changes nutrient variables such as carbon dioxide concentration, humidity, temperature and the like in the fungus culturing and fruiting processes by planting the edible fungi in a workshop, and can achieve the purpose of artificially planting the mushrooms in batches and with high quality for the target kinds of edible fungi by the method, and the main variable of the method for controlling the short mushroom stems during fruiting provided by the invention is that the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to be in a high-concentration value of 725ppm-785ppm to stimulate the edible fungi to form the short mushroom stems during fruiting buds in the fruiting workshop, and the temperature is used as an auxiliary variable, and the fungus activity can be inhibited in a low-temperature environment of 5-15 ℃ under the general condition, thereby being beneficial to forming the short mushroom stems The layer affects the length of the mushroom stem when the edible mushroom grows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of air circulation in a fruiting workshop according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an air outlet structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the compensated port concentrated gas injection of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a compensated port dispersion jet according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a sectional view of part a of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. exhaust fan, 2, cold air pipeline, 3, refrigerator, 4, exhaust shaft, 5, bottom pipeline, 6, water fog device, 7, filter, 8, fan, 9, pipeline, 10, air outlet, 101, slide way, 102, upper door curtain, 103, lower door curtain, 104, roller, 105, second bolt hole, 11, compensation port, 111, blade, 112, fixing plate, 113, first bolt hole, 114, bolt, 12, ventilation pipeline, 13, ultraviolet disinfection room, 14 and fruiting workshop.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
with reference to the accompanying drawings: in the embodiment, the method for stimulating short mushroom stems to grow by variable stimulation is mainly controlled aiming at the main steps of the fruiting stage, and in order to avoid different lengths of the mushroom stems during fruiting of edible fungi caused by carbon dioxide layering, the fruiting workshop in the method promotes carbon dioxide circulation mainly through the following structure:
the mushroom growing device is characterized in that ventilation pipelines 12 are connected backwards at the left end and the right end of the top of the mushroom growing workshop 14, the lower end of an exhaust well 4 is connected with a bottom pipeline 5, a fan 8 and a pipeline 9 for blowing upwards are arranged at the left side and the right side of the bottom pipeline 5, the fan 8 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the pipeline 9, an air outlet 10 is arranged at one side of the outer side of the pipeline 9 facing the mushroom growing workshop 14, slideways 101 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the air outlet 10, an extensible or contractible upper door curtain 102 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the air outlet 10 in a sealing manner, the left side and the right side of the upper door curtain 102 are connected to the left side and the right side of the air outlet 10 in a sealing manner, a plurality of rollers 104 are rotatably connected to the left side and the right side of the upper door curtain 102, a lower door curtain 103 is arranged at the, the middle of the fixing plate 112 is fixedly connected with a compensation port 11, the left end and the right end of the fixing plate 112 are provided with first bolt holes 113, the slideway 101 is provided with second bolt holes 105 corresponding to the first bolt holes 113, bolts 114 are arranged in the first bolt holes 113 and the second bolt holes 105, and the fixing plate is fixed in the air outlet 10 through the first bolt holes 113, the second bolt holes 105 and the bolts 114.
The optimal scheme of short mushroom stems during fruiting is compared with the following examples through controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide by the fruiting workshop structure shown in the attached drawings:
example 1
Step 1: stimulating fruiting, controlling temperature difference and humidity difference, and stimulating fruiting by utilizing temperature difference formed by spraying water to a workshop to increase humidity and reduce temperature when temperature is high in daytime and low at night, wherein the process is generally carried out for 2-4 days;
step 2: controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 765-785 ppm, the humidity at 50-70%, the temperature at 9-16 deg.C, and the length of the stem of edible mushroom formed by mushroom buds growing in the environment for 30-45 days at 8-15mm by air circulation method in mushroom producing workshop shown in FIG. 1;
and step 3: picking mushroom, digging a soil pit in the original ditch to remove buds, filling water in the concave pit, maintaining for 22-26 hours, then draining water, and finally placing a mushroom bag on a mushroom growing frame.
Example 2
Step 1: stimulating fruiting, controlling temperature difference and humidity difference, and stimulating fruiting by utilizing temperature difference formed by spraying water to a workshop to increase humidity and reduce temperature when temperature is high in daytime and low at night, wherein the process is generally carried out for 2-4 days;
step 2: controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 765ppm-785ppm, the humidity at 50% -70%, the temperature at 18-25 deg.C, and the length of the mushroom stem of edible mushroom formed by mushroom buds growing for 30-45 days at 10-18mm by air circulation method in mushroom producing workshop shown in FIG. 1;
and step 3: picking mushroom, digging a soil pit in the original ditch to remove buds, filling water in the concave pit, maintaining for 22-26 hours, then draining water, and finally placing a mushroom bag on a mushroom growing frame.
Example 3
Step 1: stimulating fruiting, controlling temperature difference and humidity difference, and stimulating fruiting by utilizing temperature difference formed by spraying water to a workshop to increase humidity and reduce temperature when temperature is high in daytime and low at night, wherein the process is generally carried out for 2-4 days;
step 2: controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 675-715 ppm, the humidity at 50-70% and the temperature at 18-25 deg.C by air circulation method in fruiting workshop shown in FIG. 1, wherein the length of the stem of edible fungus formed by mushroom buds growing in the environment for 30-45 days is 15-22 mm;
and step 3: picking mushroom, digging a soil pit in the original ditch to remove buds, filling water in the concave pit, maintaining for 22-26 hours, then draining water, and finally placing a mushroom bag on a mushroom growing frame.
Example 4
Step 1: stimulating fruiting, controlling temperature difference and humidity difference, and stimulating fruiting by utilizing temperature difference formed by spraying water to a workshop to increase humidity and reduce temperature when temperature is high in daytime and low at night, wherein the process is generally carried out for 2-4 days;
step 2: controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 585ppm-615ppm, humidity at 50% -70%, temperature at 18-25 deg.C, and mushroom stem length of edible fungi formed by mushroom buds growing in the environment for 30-45 days at 20-27mm by air circulation method in fruiting workshop shown in FIG. 1;
and step 3: picking mushroom, digging a soil pit in the original ditch to remove buds, filling water in the concave pit, maintaining for 22-26 hours, then draining water, and finally placing a mushroom bag on a mushroom growing frame.
Figure BDA0002723963230000061
The properties after pre-cultivation and fruiting in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were compared:
as can be seen from the above table, by controlling the carbon dioxide concentration to 765ppm-785ppm, that is, the stem length is relatively short in the range of 8-18mm when the buds of example 1 and example 2 in this example grow out, wherein example 1 selects to culture at a relatively low temperature of about 10 ℃ and the stem length is between 9-12mm when the fruiting occurs, while example 2 selects to culture at a higher temperature of 20 ℃ than example 1 and the stem length is longer in the range of 12-15mm when the fruiting occurs, compared with example 1, the stem length formed when the fruiting occurs is gradually increased in the similar carbon dioxide concentration between examples 2, 3 and 4, and the stem length formed when the fruiting occurs is 9-12mm in the fruiting of example 1 is shorter, the method for controlling the short mushroom stems during fruiting is more consistent with the invention.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A control method of short mushroom stems during fruiting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises a mushroom stem control stage of seeing mushroom buds on a mushroom stick and entering a mushroom production stage, a mushroom stick control method for planting mushrooms, a temperature and humidity control method in a mushroom production workshop (14) and a carbon dioxide control method,
the mushroom stick control method for planting mushrooms comprises the following steps: the mushroom sticks are placed in a mushroom growing workshop (14) capable of controlling the internal environment, the temperature, the humidity, the carbon dioxide and the illumination can be adjusted in the mushroom growing workshop (14), the mushroom sticks are placed on a rack and are placed at intervals from top to bottom, a certain gap is kept between the mushroom sticks, the height of the rack is 4-5 m, and more mushroom sticks are accommodated;
the temperature and humidity control method in the fruiting workshop (14) comprises the following steps: the fruiting workshop (14) is controlled to have the temperature of 18-22 ℃, the humidity of 50-70% and the temperature and humidity in a proper environment;
the control method of the carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: the concentration of carbon dioxide is generally controlled to be 555ppm-795ppm, so that the growth speed of mushroom stems is reduced, an exhaust well (4) is arranged at the bottom in the fruiting workshop (14), the content of carbon dioxide in air exhausted by the exhaust well (4) is relatively high, and the air is sprayed on the surfaces of mushroom sticks with the mushroom stems growing fast at fixed points.
2. The method for controlling short mushroom stems during fruiting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting workshop (14) is controlled to 765ppm-785ppm, the humidity is 50-70%, the temperature is 9-16 ℃, and mushroom buds are cultured for 30-45 days in the environment.
3. The method for controlling short mushroom stems during fruiting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting workshop (14) is controlled to 765ppm-785ppm, the humidity is 50-70%, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, and the mushroom buds are cultured for 30-45 days in the environment.
4. The method for controlling short mushroom stems during fruiting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting workshop (14) is controlled at 675ppm-715ppm, the humidity is controlled at 50-70%, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, and the mushroom buds are cultured for 30-45 days in the environment.
5. The method for controlling short mushroom stems during fruiting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting workshop (14) is controlled to be 585ppm-615ppm, the humidity is controlled to be 50-70%, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, and the mushroom buds are cultured for 30-45 days in the environment.
6. A fruiting workshop (14) in a method for controlling short mushroom stem during fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: air pipe (12) is connected backwards at the left end and the right end of the top of the fruiting workshop (14), the lower end of the exhaust shaft (4) is connected with a bottom pipeline (5), a fan (8) and a pipeline (9) which blow air upwards are arranged at the left side and the right side of the bottom pipeline (5), the fan (8) is fixedly connected at the lower end of the pipeline (9), an air outlet (10) is formed in one side of the outer side of the pipeline (9) towards the fruiting workshop (14), slideways (101) are formed at the left end and the right end of the air outlet (10), an upper door curtain (102) which can be stretched or contracted is fixedly connected at the upper end of the air outlet (10) in a sealing mode, the left side and the right side of the upper door curtain (102) are connected to the left side and the right side of the air outlet (10) in a sealing mode in a sliding mode, a plurality of, the similar air outlet (10) lower extreme is equipped with down door curtain (103), go up the upper end that door curtain (102) lower extreme fixedly sealed connection has fixed plate (112), fixed plate (112) lower extreme fixedly sealed connection is in the upper end of door curtain (103) down, fixedly connected with compensation mouth (11) in the middle of fixed plate (112), both ends are opened about fixed plate (112) have first bolt hole (113), slide (101) go up to open have with second bolt hole (105) that first bolt hole (113) correspond, be equipped with bolt (114) in first bolt hole (113) and second bolt hole (105), the fixed plate is fixed in air outlet (10) through first bolt hole (113), second bolt hole (105) and bolt (114).
7. The method for controlling short mushroom stems during fruiting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: go out mushroom workshop (14) top left and right sides both ends are equipped with air exhauster (1) with the outside air suction, air conditioning pipeline (2) are installed at mushroom workshop (14) top, air conditioning pipeline (12) sealing connection of the one end of air conditioning pipeline (2) and left end, air conditioning pipeline (2) other end and air pipeline (12) sealing connection of right-hand member, air exhauster (1) front end is equipped with ultraviolet disinfection room (13), both ends are through ultraviolet disinfection room (13) and air pipeline (12) sealing connection about air conditioning pipeline (2), control the upper end and the air conditioning pipeline (2) upper end of both ends ultraviolet disinfection room (13) and install refrigerator (3), air conditioning pipeline (2) are to going out mushroom workshop (14) inside division has a plurality of blow vent.
8. The method for controlling short mushroom stems in fruiting according to any one of claims 6, wherein: the lower end of the fan (8) is positioned at two ends of the bottom pipeline (5) and is provided with a water mist device (6) for cooling and humidifying, and a filter (7) for degerming is arranged at the joint of the lower end pipeline (9) of the fan (8) and the bottom pipeline (5).
9. The method for controlling short mushroom stems during fruiting as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the compensation port (11) is provided with a blade (111) for adjusting the wind direction.
CN202011096578.3A 2020-10-14 2020-10-14 Control method and device for short mushroom stems during fruiting Pending CN112166966A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112806213A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-05-18 金华市挺美科技有限公司 Cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus
CN112806212A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-05-18 金华市挺美科技有限公司 Method for cultivating clitocybe maxima
CN112931036A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-11 金华市挺美科技有限公司 Method for industrially cultivating fungi
CN113348978A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-09-07 山东茸丽生物科技股份有限公司 Swing type edible mushroom harvesting machine and harvesting method

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CN104381024A (en) * 2014-12-10 2015-03-04 罗源县岐峰山水生态农业农民专业合作社 Planting method of flower mushrooms
CN105393796A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-03-16 全椒县香妃农业专业合作社 Nutrition summer mushroom plantation method
CN210808575U (en) * 2019-11-06 2020-06-23 杭州千岛湖沪阳农业开发有限公司 Sealed culture room for mushroom culture

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004016232A (en) * 2002-06-18 2004-01-22 Nexus:Kk System for greenhouse cultivation of mushroom and the like
CN104041328A (en) * 2014-07-03 2014-09-17 抚顺清道食用菌科技有限公司 Golden needle mushroom cultivation method
CN104381024A (en) * 2014-12-10 2015-03-04 罗源县岐峰山水生态农业农民专业合作社 Planting method of flower mushrooms
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112806213A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-05-18 金华市挺美科技有限公司 Cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus
CN112806212A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-05-18 金华市挺美科技有限公司 Method for cultivating clitocybe maxima
CN112931036A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-11 金华市挺美科技有限公司 Method for industrially cultivating fungi
CN113348978A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-09-07 山东茸丽生物科技股份有限公司 Swing type edible mushroom harvesting machine and harvesting method

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