CN112161797A - High-precision detection device for transmission error of gear box - Google Patents
High-precision detection device for transmission error of gear box Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161797A CN112161797A CN202010981017.5A CN202010981017A CN112161797A CN 112161797 A CN112161797 A CN 112161797A CN 202010981017 A CN202010981017 A CN 202010981017A CN 112161797 A CN112161797 A CN 112161797A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/021—Gearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/025—Test-benches with rotational drive means and loading means; Load or drive simulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-precision detection device for transmission errors of a gear box, which comprises: the device comprises a processor, an absolute displacement sensor, an input rectification isolation circuit, a time gate angular displacement frequency divider and a pulse stretcher circuit; the absolute displacement sensor is electrically connected with the input rectifying and isolating circuit; the input rectification isolation circuit is electrically connected with the time gate angular displacement frequency divider; the time gate angular displacement frequency divider is electrically connected with the pulse stretcher circuit; the pulse stretcher circuit is electrically connected with the processor; the beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows: the error measurement process is simple, the cost is low, the measurement range is wide and the precision is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement and control, in particular to a high-precision detection device for transmission errors of a gear box.
Background
The gear transmission system is applied to various industries, and along with the higher requirements of the manufacturing industry brought forward by the industrial progress, gear errors can be caused by gear manufacturing, gear box assembly, material deformation and the like. The detection method of the transmission error is a static measurement method using a simple optical instrument, and although the measurement process is simple and the cost is low, the application range has great limitation. The dynamic measurement method mainly includes a grating method, an inertia method, a time grating method and the like. The inertial method is a high-precision dynamic measuring method, which utilizes the inertial principle of an object to generate ideal uniform-speed rotation motion, and compares the ideal uniform-speed rotation motion with the measured uneven rotation motion to obtain the angular displacement deviation. The inertial method has high measurement accuracy and a wide measurement frequency range, but cannot measure low-frequency motion errors due to the limitation of the natural frequency of the inertial method. The grating method has a wide measurable transmission ratio range, but is generally expensive. The processing error of the stator and the rotor of the time-grid angular displacement frequency divider has certain influence on the measurement precision.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a method for detecting gear rotation by using a high-precision absolute displacement sensor, receiving a high-speed pulse signal by using a pulse widening circuit, reading a pulse, and compensating the number of gear turns by using an error program. The high-precision pulse detection circuit is used for measuring the gear ratio and specifically comprises an input rectification isolation circuit, a time gate angular displacement frequency divider, a high-speed pulse stretcher circuit and the like, wherein the input rectification isolation circuit can convert alternating current signals into pulse signals, the time gate angular displacement frequency divider can subdivide angle pulses to improve the precision, and the high-speed pulse stretcher circuit can prolong the time of pulse high-level signals to improve the signal stability.
The invention provides a high-precision detection device for transmission errors of a gearbox, which specifically comprises the following steps: the device comprises a processor, an absolute displacement sensor, an input rectification isolation circuit, a time gate angular displacement frequency divider and a pulse stretcher circuit;
the absolute displacement sensor is electrically connected with the input rectification isolation circuit; the input rectifying and isolating circuit is electrically connected with the time gate angular displacement frequency divider; the time gate angular displacement frequency divider is electrically connected with the pulse stretcher circuit; the pulse stretcher circuit is electrically connected with the processor;
the absolute displacement sensor is used for measuring gear rotation information of the gear box and outputting an alternating current signal; the input rectifying and isolating circuit is used for converting the alternating current signal into a pulse signal; the time grating angular displacement frequency divider is used for subdividing the pulse signals to obtain subdivided pulse signals; the pulse stretcher circuit is used for prolonging the subdivided pulse signals to obtain prolonged stable pulse signals; and the processor performs error compensation on the stable pulse signal to obtain the final actual gear transmission ratio of the gear box.
The beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows: the error measurement process is simple, the cost is low, the measurement range is wide and the precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a high-precision detection device for transmission errors of a gearbox according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the absolute displacement sensor configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an input rectifying and isolating circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the gate angular displacement frequency divider of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulse stretcher circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a portion of the data acquisition performed by the processor of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a portion of the data processing performed by the processor of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a high-precision detection device for transmission errors of a gearbox includes the following components:
the device comprises a processor, an absolute displacement sensor, an input rectification isolation circuit, a time gate angular displacement frequency divider and a pulse stretcher circuit;
the absolute displacement sensor is electrically connected with the input rectification isolation circuit; the input rectifying and isolating circuit is electrically connected with the time gate angular displacement frequency divider; the time gate angular displacement frequency divider is electrically connected with the pulse stretcher circuit; the pulse stretcher circuit is electrically connected with the processor;
the absolute displacement sensor is used for measuring gear rotation information of the gear box and outputting an alternating current signal; the input rectifying and isolating circuit is used for converting the alternating current signal into a pulse signal; the time grating angular displacement frequency divider is used for subdividing the pulse signals to obtain subdivided pulse signals; the pulse stretcher circuit is used for prolonging the subdivided pulse signals to obtain prolonged stable pulse signals; and the processor performs error compensation on the stable pulse signal to obtain the final actual gear transmission ratio of the gear box.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a displacement sensor according to the present invention; the absolute displacement sensor measures relative displacement by using relative displacement of two objects, and then changes motion coordinates of a movable measuring head and a fixed measuring head into a displacement measuring system by using electromagnetism, wherein the specific detection principle is shown in fig. 1. The rotation angle of the displacement coordinate is 360 degrees, a fixed measuring head is arranged at the central shaft position where the gear does not rotate, a movable measuring head is arranged at the rotating gear position, the two measuring heads are required to be perpendicular to the magnetic field, the angle can be generated between the movable measuring head and the fixed measuring head along with the rotation of the gear rotor, the different angles correspond to different electric potential energy, the pulse can be realized by utilizing the electric potential energy and the primary phase, and the gear number and the transmission ratio can be calculated after the pulse is calculated and compensated.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an input rectifying and isolating circuit according to the present invention; the input rectification isolation circuit, specifically be zero crossing point detection circuit, includes: resistors R466, R467, R468, resistor R469, inductor C381, inductor C382 and the optocoupler; one end of the resistor R468 is an input end L of an alternating current signal, and the other end of the resistor R469 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R381, one end of the inductor C382 and 4 pins of the optocoupler; the other end of the resistor R469 is electrically connected with the other end of the inductor C381, the other end of the inductor C382 and the 6 pins of the optical coupler, and is used as an input end N _ IN of an alternating current signal; 3 pins of the optocoupler are connected with a +5V power supply; a pin 1 of the optical coupler is electrically connected with one end of a resistor R466; the other end of the resistor R466 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R467; the other end of the resistor R467 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R466 is also used as an OUT end of the input rectifying and isolating circuit;
the zero-crossing detection circuit needs a +5V power supply, and since L and N _ IN are alternating-current sine waves, most of voltage is applied to the power resistor R468 and the shunt resistor R469, and the voltage on the optocoupler TLP160 is too small and is ignored here. When the sine wave is in the forward direction, the optical coupler is switched on in the forward direction, the optical coupler sends a high-level signal, the shunt resistor R467 of the output interface part has the resistance value of 4.7K omega, the current limiting resistor R466 has the resistance value of 1K omega, the bidirectional optical coupler is the chip TLP160, and the response speed of the whole circuit is 20 ms.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gate angular displacement frequency divider according to the present invention; the time grid angular displacement frequency divider comprises an exclusive-or gate and a counter; the exclusive-OR gate is electrically connected with the counter; the exclusive-OR gate is used for acquiring the width of a pulse signal of the input rectifying and isolating circuit; the counter judges an edge trigger mode according to the width of the pulse signal and divides the frequency of the pulse signal according to a preset clock signal to obtain a subdivided pulse signal;
in order to ensure the precision of the gear in high-speed rotation, the signal output by the grating angular displacement sensor needs to be divided, the clock signal is a high-frequency signal of 80MHz, as can be seen from fig. 4, a 64-bit counter can measure the rotation angle at a high rotation speed, an exclusive or gate in the frequency divider can be used for acquiring the pulse width in the sensor, the judgment of the pulse width is an edge trigger mode, a rising edge is a trigger signal, a falling edge is an end signal, and finally the counter sends the pulse result to the input and output module.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulse stretcher circuit according to the present invention; the pulse stretcher circuit comprises a resistor R470-resistor R477, an inductor C383-inductor C384, a first comparator and a second comparator; one end of the resistor R471 is electrically connected to the pin 5 of the first comparator and one end of the resistor R470, and the other end is grounded; the other end of the resistor R470 is electrically connected with the cathode of the diode D54; the other end of the diode D54 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R477, the pin 7 of the second comparator, and one end of the resistor R476; the other end of the resistor R477 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R475, one end of the resistor R474, and the pin 5 of the second comparator; the other end of the resistor R475 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R474 is electrically connected with a pin 7 of the first comparator; the pin 6 of the second comparator is electrically connected with one end of the inductor C384; the other end of the inductor C384 is electrically connected with the other end of the resistor R476; the 4 pins of the second comparator and the 4 pins of the first comparator are connected with a +3.3V power supply; the pin 13 of the second comparator and the pin 13 of the first comparator are grounded; a pin 6 of the first comparator is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R472 and one end of the inductor C383; the other end of the resistor R472 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R473; the other end of the resistor R473 is electrically connected to the other end of the inductor C383, and is commonly grounded; one end of the resistor R471 serves as a subdivision pulse input end IN _ plus;
the two comparators form a monostable trigger and can output a PWM signal with the pulse width of 100ns, the comparator TLC6752A plays a role in limiting triggering, and the comparator TLC6751B plays a role in monostable triggering. The comparator A is applied with an offset voltage of 11mV, so that the deviation of the comparator and the system error [7] can be eliminated, R472 and C383 in the circuit play a role of a timer, the capacitor C383 starts to be charged after the system is powered on, OUT _ plus changes to low level after 100ns, a timing mode can be restarted when a new pulse starts from the moment, and if the frequency or the pulse width of an output signal needs to be adjusted, the capacitor can increase the capacitance value.
The processor performs error compensation on the stable pulse signal to obtain the final actual gear transmission ratio of the gearbox, and the software processing is involved; in the application, the software part comprises data acquisition and data processing;
referring to fig. 6, software configuration of the data acquisition part is mainly performed by a lower computer, and after the system is powered on and reset, the MCU initializes part of parameter settings, including serial ports, interrupts, counters, and the like, and in addition, frequency division and counters are already clearly shown in a hardware part, and a specific software configuration process is shown in fig. 5. After the system is powered on, the lower computer firstly carries out MCU initialization including functions of starting a clock, carrying out system self-checking and the like, then sets the baud rate of serial port communication and a receiving and sending register, simultaneously opens an interrupt register and starts counting, a counter judges a pulse edge and initializes and resets FIFO after triggering, and then starts to detect the rotation speed of the gear. The gear rotates the in-process and has the vibration to produce, and the signal can produce errors such as white noise, and the phenomenon of losing the pulse also can appear in the sensor, in order to guarantee the accuracy of transmission data, need separately detect pulse signal, just so can guarantee the degree of accuracy of input signal.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a partial flow chart of the data processing performed by the processor of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
s101: the processor detects the frequency of the stable pulse signal in a preset period so as to judge the rotating speed state of the gearbox;
s102: if the frequency of the stable pulse signal exceeds a preset value, the gearbox is in a high rotating speed state; the stable pulse signal is input to a counter; otherwise, inputting the stable pulse signal to an encoder;
s103: threshold filtering is carried out on the stable pulse signals stored in the counter and the encoder to obtain stable pulse signals with oscillation frequencies removed;
s104: storing the stable pulse signals with the oscillation frequency removed into a transmission array;
s105: and calculating errors of the transmission array, wherein the errors comprise gear equivalent meshing transmission errors and synchronous transmission errors. Equivalent engagement transfer error of
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,mfor the m-th counter-gear pair transmission error, im-1The transmission ratio from the (m-2) th shaft to the (m-1) th shaft. Synchronous transfer error is the transfer error of the rated power of the input shaft of the gearbox dividing the power into two branches at the first gearZ1AndZ2is equal toZ1-Z2. After the error of the transmission data is obtained by calculation, the gear transmission error in the gear transmission system is controlled by adopting an absolute displacement sensor position control method, the angle and displacement deviation in the gear transmission process is reduced, and finally the actual value of the gear box is outputThe epicyclic gear ratio. The beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows: the error measurement process is simple, the cost is low, the measurement range is wide and the precision is high.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a high accuracy detection device of gear box transmission error which characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps: the device comprises a processor, an absolute displacement sensor, an input rectification isolation circuit, a time gate angular displacement frequency divider and a pulse stretcher circuit;
the absolute displacement sensor is electrically connected with the input rectification isolation circuit; the input rectifying and isolating circuit is electrically connected with the time gate angular displacement frequency divider; the time gate angular displacement frequency divider is electrically connected with the pulse stretcher circuit; the pulse stretcher circuit is electrically connected with the processor;
the absolute displacement sensor is used for measuring gear rotation information of the gear box and outputting an alternating current signal; the input rectifying and isolating circuit is used for converting the alternating current signal into a pulse signal; the time grating angular displacement frequency divider is used for subdividing the pulse signals to obtain subdivided pulse signals; the pulse stretcher circuit is used for prolonging the subdivided pulse signals to obtain prolonged stable pulse signals; and the processor performs error compensation on the stable pulse signal to obtain the final actual gear transmission ratio of the gear box.
2. A high accuracy detection device for gearbox drive errors as defined in claim 1, wherein: the input rectification isolation circuit, specifically be zero crossing point detection circuit, includes: resistors R466, R467, R468, resistor R469, inductor C381, inductor C382 and the optocoupler; one end of the resistor R468 is an input end L of an alternating current signal, and the other end of the resistor R469 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R381, one end of the inductor C382 and 4 pins of the optocoupler; the other end of the resistor R469 is electrically connected with the other end of the inductor C381, the other end of the inductor C382 and the 6 pins of the optical coupler, and is used as an input end N _ IN of an alternating current signal; 3 pins of the optocoupler are connected with a +5V power supply; a pin 1 of the optical coupler is electrically connected with one end of a resistor R466; the other end of the resistor R466 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R467; the other end of the resistor R467 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R466 is also used as an OUT end of the input rectifying and isolating circuit.
3. A high accuracy detection device for gearbox drive errors according to claim 1, characterised in that: the time grid angular displacement frequency divider comprises an exclusive-or gate and a counter; the exclusive-OR gate is electrically connected with the counter; the exclusive-OR gate is used for acquiring the width of a pulse signal of the input rectifying and isolating circuit; and the counter judges an edge trigger mode according to the width of the pulse signal and divides the frequency of the pulse signal according to a preset clock signal to obtain a subdivided pulse signal.
4. A high accuracy detection device for gearbox drive errors as defined in claim 1, wherein: the pulse stretcher circuit comprises a resistor R470-resistor R477, an inductor C383-inductor C384, a first comparator and a second comparator; one end of the resistor R471 is electrically connected to the pin 5 of the first comparator and one end of the resistor R470, and the other end is grounded; the other end of the resistor R470 is electrically connected with the cathode of the diode D54; the other end of the diode D54 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R477, the pin 7 of the second comparator, and one end of the resistor R476; the other end of the resistor R477 is electrically connected to one end of the resistor R475, one end of the resistor R474, and the pin 5 of the second comparator; the other end of the resistor R475 is grounded; the other end of the resistor R474 is electrically connected with a pin 7 of the first comparator; the pin 6 of the second comparator is electrically connected with one end of the inductor C384; the other end of the inductor C384 is electrically connected with the other end of the resistor R476; the 4 pins of the second comparator and the 4 pins of the first comparator are connected with a +3.3V power supply; the pin 13 of the second comparator and the pin 13 of the first comparator are grounded; a pin 6 of the first comparator is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R472 and one end of the inductor C383; the other end of the resistor R472 is electrically connected with one end of the resistor R473; the other end of the resistor R473 is electrically connected to the other end of the inductor C383, and is commonly grounded; one end of the resistor R471 serves as a sub-divided pulse input terminal IN _ pulse.
5. A high accuracy detection device for gearbox drive errors as defined in claim 1, wherein: the processor performs error compensation on the stable pulse signal, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: the processor detects the frequency of the stable pulse signal in a preset period so as to judge the rotating speed state of the gearbox;
s102: if the frequency of the stable pulse signal exceeds a preset value, the gearbox is in a high rotating speed state;
the stable pulse signal is input to a counter; otherwise, inputting the stable pulse signal to an encoder;
s103: threshold filtering is carried out on the stable pulse signals stored in the counter and the encoder to obtain stable pulse signals with oscillation frequencies removed;
s104: storing the stable pulse signals with the oscillation frequency removed into a transmission array;
s105: and calculating the error of the transmission array and outputting the actual gear transmission ratio of the gearbox.
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| CN202010981017.5A CN112161797A (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | High-precision detection device for transmission error of gear box |
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| CN202010981017.5A CN112161797A (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2020-09-17 | High-precision detection device for transmission error of gear box |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01305334A (en) * | 1988-06-02 | 1989-12-08 | Ono Sokki Co Ltd | Measuring device for transmission error of differential gear system |
| CN101968541A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-02-09 | 国营红林机械厂 | Pulse ultra-wideband ranging system |
| CN102735445A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-17 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Device for measuring gearbox transmission precision based on double servo motors |
| CN108760291A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-11-06 | 重庆理工大学 | A kind of speed changer high speed motion transmission error test measurement method |
| CN209387734U (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-09-13 | 南宁职业技术学院 | Ac zero-crossing detection circuit |
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2020
- 2020-09-17 CN CN202010981017.5A patent/CN112161797A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01305334A (en) * | 1988-06-02 | 1989-12-08 | Ono Sokki Co Ltd | Measuring device for transmission error of differential gear system |
| CN101968541A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-02-09 | 国营红林机械厂 | Pulse ultra-wideband ranging system |
| CN102735445A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-17 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Device for measuring gearbox transmission precision based on double servo motors |
| CN108760291A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-11-06 | 重庆理工大学 | A kind of speed changer high speed motion transmission error test measurement method |
| CN209387734U (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-09-13 | 南宁职业技术学院 | Ac zero-crossing detection circuit |
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Application publication date: 20210101 |