CN112159311B - Extraction and purification method of cannabidiol - Google Patents

Extraction and purification method of cannabidiol Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112159311B
CN112159311B CN201910689121.4A CN201910689121A CN112159311B CN 112159311 B CN112159311 B CN 112159311B CN 201910689121 A CN201910689121 A CN 201910689121A CN 112159311 B CN112159311 B CN 112159311B
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extraction
solution
extract
ethanol
drying
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CN112159311A (en
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刘亮亮
肖爱平
冷鹃
赵立宁
廖丽萍
张翠娥
黎宇
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Institute of Bast Fiber Crops of CAAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C37/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C37/004Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by obtaining phenols from plant material or from animal material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C37/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C37/68Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C37/70Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C07C37/82Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/16Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of purification, in particular to an extraction and purification method of cannabidiol. The extraction and purification method comprises the following steps: crushing and drying industrial hemp leaves to obtain a dried material; extracting the dried material in ethanol or ethanol water solution, removing solvent from the obtained extract, and oven drying to obtain extract; washing the extract with acetic acid solution or sodium carbonate solution, and oven drying the precipitate to obtain dry extract; dissolving the dry extract with ethanol or acetonitrile, adding PSA, activated carbon, C18 and magnesium sulfate into the solution, oscillating, centrifuging, removing solvent, and oven drying. The extraction and purification method provided by the invention is simple to operate, the CBD content can reach 40% -58%, a plurality of prototype experiments can be performed, the original substances in a plurality of industrial hemp are reserved in the extraction process, and convenience can be brought to analysis of other functional components in the industrial hemp.

Description

Extraction and purification method of cannabidiol
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of purification, in particular to an extraction and purification method of cannabidiol.
Background
Industrial hemp (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a plant of the cannabinaceae family, cannabis genus, and is widely distributed throughout the world. Cannabis is one of the well-known drug-producing plants because it contains Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a secondary product of addiction. For convenient supervision and reasonable use, industrial cannabis with the THC content of less than 0.3% in cannabis is internationally defined as industrial cannabis with no drug utilization value. The industrial hemp plants are high and big, the branches are few, the fiber content is high, and the economic value thereof relates to various aspects of paper making, textile, building materials, food, medicine and the like.
At present, more than 500 substances have been isolated from cannabis plants, at least 86 of which are cannabinol compounds. Cannabinol compounds are a specific substance in cannabis plants, are main active ingredients in cannabis plants, and research on cannabis has been a hotspot of cannabis research. The main cannabinol compounds in the cannabis plant include Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBC), wherein the first three components account for more than 90% of the cannabinol compounds.
Wherein, cannabidiol (cannabidol) has no neurotoxicity and obvious medicinal value. Related pharmacological researches show that the tetrahydrocannabinol can block the influence of tetrahydrocannabinol on the nervous system of human bodies, has pharmacological activities such as antispasmodic, antirheumatic arthritis, anxiolytic and the like, and has great industrial development value.
However, because the cannabinol components in the original plants are complex and the polar similar components are more, the purity of cannabidiol in the final product is not high after the cannabinol components are extracted and refined by the traditional method. And the solubility of cannabidiol in other organic solvents is higher than that in ethanol, so in order to improve the yield of cannabidiol, the industry usually adopts toxic organic solvents such as petroleum ether, normal hexane, methylene dichloride and the like in the process steps of extraction, purification and the like. However, the use of such organic solvents is harmful to the environment, and the solvent residues in the final product cannot be removed, which also has an effect on the safety of the product.
The invention of publication No. CN109988060A discloses a method for extracting cannabidiol. It comprises the following steps: adding 5 times of water into crushed cannabis sativa leaves, heating the cannabis sativa leaves for 2 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ and cooling the cannabis sativa leaves to 30-40 ℃; then adding enzyme solution according to the proportion of 1 milliliter per gram of hemp leaves for hydrolysis for 1 hour; filtering, washing a filter cake with water, taking the washing water as water for next batch leaching, and adding an extracting agent into filtrate in the hydrolysate obtained by treatment; separating out the supernatant after treatment, and concentrating the supernatant to recover the solvent; adding methanol into the oily matter obtained after treatment, and then treating for 1 hour at the temperature of-40 ℃; centrifuging the treated liquid at-6deg.C to obtain supernatant; adding a proper amount of activated carbon into the supernatant obtained by treatment, and then filtering to obtain filtrate; and (3) performing rotary steaming on the filtrate obtained after the treatment to obtain an extract rich in cannabidiol, wherein the content of the cannabidiol is 29.5% -32.7%. Another invention, such as publication number CN109646992a, discloses a method for extracting cannabidiol concentrate from industrial cannabis, comprising the steps of: alkali liquor extraction, acid precipitation and organic solvent extraction, wherein the content of cannabidiol in the cannabidiol enrichment substance extracted by the method is 41.3-43.2%. How to obtain cannabidiol with higher purity by a simple extraction method still needs further research.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol. The extraction and purification method can obtain high-content cannabidiol, and has simple operation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol, which comprises the following steps:
crushing and drying industrial hemp leaves to obtain a dried material;
extracting the dried material in ethanol or ethanol water solution, removing solvent from the obtained extract, and oven drying to obtain extract;
washing the extract with acetic acid solution or sodium carbonate solution, and oven drying the precipitate to obtain dry extract;
dissolving the dried extract with ethanol or acetonitrile, adding PSA (N-propylethylenediamine), activated carbon, C18 (octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica), magnesium sulfate, shaking, centrifuging, removing solvent, and oven drying.
Preferably, the volume percent concentration of the aqueous ethanol solution is not less than 90%.
Preferably, the extraction temperature is 20 to 60 ℃.
Preferably, the extraction temperature is 50-60 ℃.
More preferably, the temperature of extraction is 60 ℃.
Preferably, the ratio of extracted feed to liquid in g/mL is 1: (5-50).
Preferably, the ratio of extracted feed to liquid in g/mL is 1: (5-10).
More preferably, the ratio of extracted feed to feed in g/mL is 1:5.
preferably, the number of times of extraction is 2 to 3.
Preferably, the number of extractions is 2.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying is 90 to 120 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying is 105 ℃.
Preferably, the volume percentage concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3-8%.
Preferably, the acetic acid solution has a volume percent concentration of 5%.
Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 5% -15%.
Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 10% -15%.
More preferably, the sodium carbonate solution has a mass percentage concentration of 15%.
Preferably, the ratio of the washing feed to the washing feed is 1 in g/mL: (8-12), the washing times are 4-6 times.
Preferably, the ratio of the washed feed to the washed feed is 1 in g/mL: 10, the number of washes was 5.
Preferably, the ratio of dissolved feed liquid is 1 in g/mL: (8-12), and the dissolution time is 4-6 times.
Preferably, the ratio of dissolved feed to dissolved feed is 1 in g/mL: 10, the number of dissolution times was 5.
Preferably, in the dissolving step, the amount of PSA in 1L solution is 4-12 g, the amount of activated carbon is 4-12 g, the amount of C18 is 4-12 g, and the amount of magnesium sulfate is 10-30 g.
Preferably, in the dissolution step, the amount of PSA in 1L of solution is 8g, the amount of activated carbon is 8g, the amount of C18 is 8g, and the amount of magnesium sulfate is 20g.
Preferably, the shaking time is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the shaking time is 15min.
The invention provides a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol. The extraction and purification method comprises the following steps: crushing and drying industrial hemp leaves to obtain a dried material; extracting the dried material in ethanol or ethanol water solution, removing solvent from the obtained extract, and oven drying to obtain extract; washing the extract with acetic acid solution or sodium carbonate solution, and oven drying the precipitate to obtain dry extract; dissolving the dry extract with ethanol or acetonitrile, adding PSA, activated carbon, C18 and magnesium sulfate into the solution, oscillating, centrifuging, removing solvent, and oven drying. The invention has the technical effects that:
the extraction and purification method provided by the invention is simple to operate, the CBD content can reach 40% -58%, a plurality of prototype experiments can be performed, the original substances in a plurality of industrial hemp are reserved in the extraction process, and convenience can be brought to analysis of other functional components in the industrial hemp.
The organic solvents except acetonitrile used in the extraction process are environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a liquid chromatogram of the acetonitrile solution of example 2;
FIG. 2 is a liquid chromatogram of the CBD purified in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for extracting and purifying cannabidiol, which can be realized by appropriately improving process parameters by a person skilled in the art by referring to the content of the cannabidiol. It is expressly noted that all such similar substitutions and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and are deemed to be included in the present invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that variations and modifications can be made in the methods and applications described herein, and in the practice and application of the techniques of this invention, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
The invention provides an extraction and purification method of cannabidiol, which comprises the following steps:
pulverizing industrial hemp leaf material, oven drying, weighing, extracting in 90% -100% ethanol at 20-60deg.C at a feed-liquid ratio of 1:10-50, collecting extractive solution, adding a new batch of solvent into residue, repeating extraction once, and mixing extractive solutions.
The solvent is removed from the extract under reduced pressure, and the extract is dried in an oven at 90-120 ℃ and the residual solvent is removed. At this time, the content of cannabidiol in the extract is about 5% -15%.
Washing the dried extract with 5% acetic acid solution or 5% -15% sodium carbonate solution at a feed-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting precipitate, oven drying at 90-120deg.C, and removing residual solvent. The cannabidiol content in the dried extract is about 10% -20%.
Dissolving the dried extract with organic solvent ethanol or acetonitrile at a feed-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting and combining the five solutions.
Adding a certain amount of PSA, active carbon, C18 and magnesium sulfate into the solution, shaking uniformly for 10-30 minutes, centrifuging, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and placing in a baking oven at 90-120 ℃ for drying and removing the residual solvent. The cannabidiol content in the dried extract is about 40% -58%. The purity of the peak area can reach 62 percent.
The reagent or instrument used in the extraction and purification method of cannabidiol provided by the invention can be purchased from the market.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
Pulverizing industrial hemp leaf materials to 40 meshes, drying, weighing 100 g, extracting in 100% ethanol at 60 ℃ with a feed-liquid ratio of 1:5, collecting the extractive solution after one extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into the residue, repeating the extraction once with the same dosage as the former extraction, combining the extractive solutions, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and drying and removing the residual solvent in a 105 ℃ oven. The extract contained cannabidiol at this point in an amount of 10.1%.
Washing the dried extract with 5% sodium carbonate solution at a feed-liquid ratio of 1:10 for three times, collecting precipitate, drying in a 105 ℃ oven, and removing residual solvent. The dried extract is dissolved by adopting an organic solvent acetonitrile, the feed liquid ratio is 1:10 (g/mL), the solution is dissolved for five times, and the solution is collected and combined for five times. The concentration of CBD in the acetonitrile solution was 1.476mg/mL, the area of the liquid chromatography peak was 54.8%, and the content of CBD was 20.78%.
According to the feed liquid ratio, adding a certain amount of PSA (8 g/L), activated carbon (8 g/L), C18 (8 g/L) and magnesium sulfate (20 g/L) into the solution, shaking uniformly for 15 minutes, and centrifuging to obtain the purified liquid with the CBD liquid chromatography peak area ratio of 62.7%.
The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and placed in an oven at 105 ℃ to dry and remove residual solvent. The CBD content of the dried extract was about 43.11%.
Example 2
Pulverizing industrial hemp leaf materials to 40 meshes, drying, weighing 100 g, extracting in 100% ethanol at 60 ℃ with a feed-liquid ratio of 1:5, collecting the extractive solution after one extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into the residue, repeating the extraction once with the same dosage as the former extraction, combining the extractive solutions, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and drying and removing the residual solvent in a 105 ℃ oven. At this time, the content of cannabidiol in the extract was 12.1%.
Washing the dried extract with 15% sodium carbonate solution at a feed-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting precipitate, drying in a 105 ℃ oven, and removing residual solvent. The dried extract is dissolved by adopting an organic solvent acetonitrile, the feed liquid ratio is 1:10 (g/mL), the solution is dissolved for five times, and the solution is collected and combined for five times. The concentration of CBD in the acetonitrile solution was 3.408mg/mL, the liquid chromatography peak area was 56.8%, and the CBD content was 23.34%. As shown in FIG. 1, the retention time was 3.353 minutes as the CBD peak.
Adding a certain amount of PSA (8 g/L), activated carbon (8 g/L), C18 (8 g/L) and magnesium sulfate (20 g/L) into the solution, shaking uniformly for 15 minutes, and centrifuging to obtain a purified solution with a CBD liquid chromatography peak area accounting for 63.3%.
The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and placed in an oven at 105 ℃ to dry and remove residual solvent. The CBD content of the dried extract is about 57.72%. As shown in fig. 2, the CBD peak was found at 3.368 minutes of retention time.
Comparative example 1
Pulverizing industrial hemp leaf materials to 40 meshes, drying, weighing 50 g, extracting in 90% ethanol at 40 ℃ with a feed-liquid ratio of 1:5, collecting the extractive solution after one extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into the residue, repeating the extraction once with the same dosage as the former extraction, combining the extractive solutions, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and drying and removing the residual solvent in a 105 ℃ oven. At this time, the content of cannabidiol in the extract was 8.5%.
Washing the dried extract with 25% acetic acid solution at a feed-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting precipitate, oven drying at 105deg.C, and removing residual solvent. The dried extract is dissolved by adopting organic solvent ethanol with the feed liquid ratio of 1:10 (g/mL), and the solution is dissolved for five times, collected and combined for five times. The concentration of CBD in the ethanol solution was 2.16mg/mL, the liquid chromatography peak area was 51.7%, and the CBD content was 11.7%.
According to the feed-liquid ratio, adding a certain amount of PSA (8 g/L) and magnesium sulfate (25 g/L) into the solution, shaking uniformly for 3 minutes, and centrifuging to obtain the purified liquid with the CBD liquid chromatography peak area ratio of 61.9%. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and placed in an oven at 105 ℃ to dry and remove residual solvent. The CBD content of the dried extract is about 27.3%.
Comparative example 2
Pulverizing industrial hemp leaf materials to 40 meshes, drying, weighing 200 g, extracting in 90% ethanol at 70 ℃ with a feed-liquid ratio of 1:5, collecting the extractive solution after one extraction, adding a new batch of solvent into the residue, repeating the extraction once with the same dosage as the former extraction, combining the extractive solutions, removing the solvent under reduced pressure, and drying and removing the residual solvent in a 105 ℃ oven. The extract contained cannabidiol at this point in an amount of 7.2%.
Washing the dried extract with 50% acetic acid solution at a feed-liquid ratio of 1:10 for five times, collecting precipitate, drying in a 105 deg.C oven, and removing residual solvent. The dried extract is dissolved by adopting organic solvent ethanol with the feed liquid ratio of 1:10 (g/mL), and the solution is dissolved for five times, collected and combined for five times. The concentration of CBD in the ethanol solution was 1.96mg/mL, the liquid chromatography peak area was 48.7%, and the CBD content was 10.3%.
According to the feed-liquid ratio, adding a certain amount of PSA (8 g/L) and magnesium sulfate (25 g/L) into the solution, shaking uniformly for 3 minutes, and centrifuging to obtain the purified liquid with the CBD liquid chromatography peak area ratio of 58.2%. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and placed in an oven at 105 ℃ to dry and remove residual solvent. The CBD content of the dried extract is about 25.5%.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The extraction and purification method of cannabidiol is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing and drying industrial hemp leaves to obtain a dried material;
extracting the dried material in ethanol or ethanol water solution, removing solvent from the obtained extract, and oven drying to obtain extract; the volume percentage concentration of the ethanol water solution is not less than 90%; the extraction temperature is 20-60 ℃; the ratio of extracted feed liquid is 1 in g/mL: (5-50); the extraction times are 2-3 times;
washing the extract with acetic acid solution or sodium carbonate solution, and oven drying the precipitate to obtain dry extract; the volume percentage concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3-8%, and the mass percentage concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is 5-15%; the ratio of the washed feed liquid is 1 in g/mL: (8-12), the washing times are 4-6 times;
dissolving the dry extract with ethanol or acetonitrile, adding PSA, activated carbon, C18 and magnesium sulfate into the solution, oscillating, centrifuging, removing solvent, and oven drying; in the dissolving step, the using amount of the PSA in 1L of the solution is 4-12 g, the using amount of the activated carbon is 4-12 g, the using amount of the C18 is 4-12 g, and the using amount of the magnesium sulfate is 10-30 g.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the drying is 90 to 120 ℃.
3. The extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of dissolved feed liquid in g/mL is 1: (8-12), and the dissolution time is 4-6 times.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shaking time is 10 to 30min.
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CN113429266A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-09-24 云南巨漳生物科技有限公司 Method for purifying cannabidiol
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