CN112159049B - Processing method and device for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution - Google Patents
Processing method and device for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment method and a treatment device for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution, and belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly wastewater treatment. The processing method for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution comprises the following steps: selenic acid ion (SeO) in the wastewater in an anaerobic bioreactor4 2‑) Reduction to selenite ion (SeO)3 2‑) (ii) a The middle collecting device collects the selenium-containing wastewater after reaction after passing through a membrane; the pH adjusting device adjusts the pH of the selenium-containing wastewater after reaction; the selenium-containing wastewater after pH adjustment enters a reaction device to react with sulfide-containing wastewater, and selenium and sulfur pollutants are synchronously removed; and finally, collecting the wastewater after reaction by using a collecting device. The method can treat the selenium-containing wastewater by using the sulfide-containing wastewater, realizes the treatment of waste by waste, has high removal rate of selenium and sulfur, consumes less carbon source and is simple and convenient to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment method and a treatment device for synchronously removing selenate/selenite and sulfide pollution.
Background
With the continuous promotion of industrialization in China, the situation that water is polluted by selenium becomes more and more serious. Selenium pollution widely exists in various industrial wastewater, such as petrochemical industry, flue gas desulfurization wastewater and the like, and selenate (SeO) which is usually in a high-valence soluble state in environmental water body4 2-) And selenite (SeO)3 2-) The form exists. Selenium pollution can seriously threaten human and ecological health, diseases such as demethylation alopecia, tooth erosion, nervous system abnormality and the like can appear when a human body excessively intakes selenium, and selenium pollution in water areas can cause fishes and birds to have selenium poisoning symptoms and even die, so the selenium pollution control is reluctant.
The toxicity and bioavailability of selenium mainly depend on the valence state of selenium, selenate and selenite have high water solubility and have toxicity to organisms at high concentration, but selenium simple substances are not dissolved in water and can be separated and recovered by physicochemical methods such as precipitation and filtration, and therefore, the biological reduction of the selenium with high valence state is often regarded as an important technical means for remedying the selenium pollution of water bodies by people. The biological reduction of selenate can be divided into two steps, in the existing biological method, the anaerobic biological treatment is generally adopted to directly reduce soluble selenium into a selenium simple substance, the removal rate of selenium is high, the operation is simple and convenient, but the method has the defects of long reaction time and easy accumulation of selenite to influence the reaction rate. In addition, the method needs a large amount of external carbon sources and is high in cost.
Besides selenium pollution, the wastewater of petrochemical industry, flue gas desulfurization and the like contains a large amount of sulfide, wherein the sulfide refers to a compound formed by metal ions and sulfide ions or hydrogen sulfide ions, and a sulfur-containing gas phase compound (H) in the wastewater is discharged into a water body without treatment2S) can escape to the air and emit unpleasant odor; and the oxidation of the sulfide reduces the dissolved oxygen in the water body, deteriorates the water quality and destroys the ecological balance of the water body; meanwhile, the pH value is reduced, the water body is acidified, water pipelines and metal equipment are easy to corrode, and the ecological environment is threatened. For sulfur-containing wastewater with lower concentration, because of large recovery difficulty and high cost, chemical and biological methods are generally adopted for removing sulfur-containing wastewater, and mainly include oxidation methods, coagulating sedimentation methods, biological desulfurization methods and the like. The treatment method of industrial wastewater containing sulfide and the like often has the problems of complex process, complex operation, high process cost, low reaction rate, secondary pollution generation, low resource utilization rate and the like.
CN101460412B discloses a biological treatment method of selenium-containing wastewater, which is to precipitate the biologically treated negative divalent selenium wastewater with metallic iron or ferric oxide compounds, thereby removing selenium pollution. The method has high selenium removal rate, but a large amount of carbon source is required to be added during biological treatment to drive the selenite to be reduced into the eight-electron reaction of selenium anions, a large amount of metallic iron is required to be added during subsequent treatment, the cost is high, and the method is not beneficial to large-scale application.
CN108069562B discloses a comprehensive treatment method of selenium-containing wastewater, wherein partial selenate is biologically reduced into selenite, then the selenite is removed by reaction with sulfur dioxide-containing flue gas, and the residual selenate is removed by post-flocculation precipitation. The method can simultaneously remove selenium pollutants in the wastewater and sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, but has complex operation and various process sections, and is not beneficial to large-scale popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a processing method and a device for synchronously, efficiently and environmentally removing selenate/selenite and sulfide pollution. The method uses a bioreactor to feed selenate (SeO)4 2-) Reduction to selenite (SeO)3 2-) Then directly introducing into a non-biological reactor and sulfur ions (S)2-) Reacting with selenate (SeO)4 2-) Gradually reduced into elemental selenium (Se)0) Compared with the prior art, the method theoretically reduces the carbon source dosage of 2/3, and has the advantages of short reaction time, simple operation and high removal rate.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim of the invention:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a treatment method for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution, comprising the following steps:
s1: introducing selenium-containing wastewater into an anaerobic bioreactor for treatment in a continuous flow mode, and treating selenate ions (SeO) in the wastewater by microorganisms4 2-) Reduction to selenite ion (SeO)3 2-) And accumulating;
s2: introducing the liquid phase after the reaction in the S1 and the sulfide-containing wastewater into a non-biological reactor together to ensure that selenite ions (SeO) in the liquid phase3 2-) Is reduced to elemental selenium (Se)0) And sulfide ion (S) in sulfide2-) Is oxidized into elemental sulfur (S)0)。
Furthermore, the total selenium concentration in the selenium-containing wastewater is 5-150 mg/L, and the sulfur ion concentration in the sulfur-containing wastewater is 5-1000 mg/L.
Further, the anaerobic bioreactor adopts an MBR (membrane bioreactor) or an ascending anaerobic sludge bed reactor, and is preferably an MBR; in the treatment process, the hydraulic retention time is controlled to be 12-36 h, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, the pH is 7-8, and the dissolved oxygen is 0.5-4 mg/L.
Further, the microorganism is enriched in selenate-reducing bacteria or anaerobic flora in selenium-containing environment, and can convert more than 98% of selenate ions (SeO)4 2-) Reduction to selenite ion (SeO)3 2-) And elemental selenium (Se)0) Wherein more than 55% of the total content of the selenium-rich selenium is reduced to selenite (SeO)3 2-)。
Further, in S1, the microorganism takes a carbon source of the selenium-containing wastewater as an electron donor, and when the carbon source is insufficient, the carbon source needs to be added, and the molar ratio of C/Se in the wastewater is controlled to be 2-8; preferably, the additional carbon source is sodium formate, and the C/Se molar ratio is 3-5.
Further, in S2, the pH values of the liquid phase and the sulfur-containing wastewater are controlled to be 7-10, and the preferable pH value is 9-10.
Further, in S2, the hydraulic retention time is 15-60 min, preferably 20-30 min.
Furthermore, in S2, the S/Se molar ratio of the wastewater in the non-biological reactor is 2-7, preferably 3.4-4.1.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a treatment device for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution for realizing the treatment method in any one of the first aspect, which comprises an anaerobic bioreactor, an intermediate collecting device, a pH adjusting device, a non-biological reactor and a final collecting device; the anaerobic bioreactor is provided with a water inlet for introducing selenium-polluted wastewater, the inside of the anaerobic bioreactor discharges water through a membrane component, and the outlet of the anaerobic bioreactor is connected with the intermediate collecting device and is used for collecting wastewater discharged after the anaerobic bioreactor passes through the membrane; the first water inlet of the non-biological reactor is connected with the water outlet of the middle collecting device, meanwhile, a second inlet for introducing sulfide-polluted wastewater is also arranged on the non-biological reactor, and the water outlet of the non-biological reactor is connected with the final collecting device; the pH adjusting device is used for adjusting the pH of the two paths of wastewater introduced into the non-biological reactor.
Furthermore, a pH controller for detecting and adjusting pH is arranged in the intermediate collecting device.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the selenium-containing wastewater and the sulfur-containing wastewater are treated by adopting a combined process of anaerobic microorganism reduction coupling sulfur ion catalysis, and the total selenium removal rate and the total sulfur removal rate after treatment can both reach more than 95%.
(2) According to the invention, the selenate is reduced and retained in the selenite stage by controlling the hydraulic retention time, so that a large amount of carbon sources are saved, and the economic benefit is improved.
(3) The invention adopts sulfide-containing wastewater and treated selenite-containing wastewater to carry out inorganic catalytic reaction, synchronously removes selenium pollution and sulfur pollution, achieves two purposes, saves a large amount of reaction time and improves the treatment efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
wherein: 1-selenium polluted wastewater, 2-membrane component, 3-anaerobic bioreactor, 4-first-stage effluent, 5-pH controller, 6-abiotic reactor, 7-sulfide polluted wastewater, 8-magnetic stirrer and 9-final effluent.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operation effect of the present invention of performing synchronous de-selenation and desulfurization by short-range anti-selenylation coupled with sulfide ion catalysis.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the operation effect of comparative example 1 using only an anaerobic bioreactor according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the operation effect of the non-biological reactor of comparative example 2 in the present invention under different pH conditions.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the present invention on the operation of the non-biological reactor of comparative example 3 with different S/Se molar ratios.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
The invention provides a treatment device for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution, which is shown in figure 1. The treatment device comprises an anaerobic bioreactor 3, an intermediate collecting device, a pH adjusting device, a non-biological reactor 6 and a final collecting device. Wherein the anaerobic bioreactor 3 adopts an MBR reactor, the side wall of the reactor is provided with a water inlet for introducing selenium-polluted wastewater 1, the inside of the reactor is discharged through a membrane component 2, and the outlet of the reactor is connected with an intermediate collecting device. The effluent 4 from the anaerobic bioreactor 3 is collected in an intermediate collection device to adjust its pH. The first water inlet of the non-biological reactor 6 is connected with the water outlet of the middle collecting device, and the non-biological reactor 6 is also provided with a second inlet for introducing sulfide-polluted wastewater 7. The water outlet of the non-biological reactor 6 is connected with a final collecting device. The pH adjusting device is used for adjusting the pH of two paths of wastewater (including first-stage effluent 4 and sulfide polluted wastewater 7) introduced into the non-biological reactor, and can also adjust the pH of wastewater of other sections according to requirements. In this embodiment, there are 4 pH adjusting devices in total, which respectively adjust the pH of the selenium-contaminated wastewater 1, the primary effluent 4 (one at each of the front and rear ends of the intermediate collecting device), and the sulfide-contaminated wastewater 7. Meanwhile, since the pH of the primary effluent 4 in the intermediate collection device is liable to fluctuate, a pH controller for automatically detecting and feedback-adjusting the pH may be provided in the intermediate collection device.
In the present invention, depending on the form of selenium pollution, the selenium-polluted wastewater 1 mainly contains selenite ions (SeO)3 2-) In the process, the selenium-polluted wastewater 1 can directly enter the non-biological reactor 6 to remove selenium pollution in the water body.
In the invention, the non-biological reactor 6 and the anaerobic biological reactor 3 have good air tightness, and the flow balance of inlet and outlet water can be controlled only by feeding water or discharging water from one end through a peristaltic pump; meanwhile, the pollution of atmosphere caused by the escape of sulfur-containing gas and selenium-containing gas possibly generated in the reaction process is avoided. The abiotic reactor 6 is also provided with a magnetic stirrer 8 for stirring and mixing the waste water.
In the treatment process, the pH values of the selenate polluted wastewater 1 and the non-biological reactor 6 need to be controlled, the pH value of the selenate polluted wastewater is controlled to be 7-8 by adding alkali (such as sodium hydroxide) and acid (such as hydrochloric acid), and the pH value of the non-biological reactor is controlled to be 8-10.
Based on the treatment device, the invention can further provide a treatment method for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution, the method adopts sectional treatment on pollutants, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: introducing selenium-containing wastewater into anaerobic bioreactor 3 for treatment by continuous flow, and treating selenate ion (SeO) in the wastewater by microorganism4 2-) Reduction to selenite ion (SeO)3 2-) And accumulating;
s2: introducing the liquid phase (i.e. the primary effluent 4) after the reaction in the S1 and sulfide-containing wastewater (i.e. sulfide-polluted wastewater 7) into a non-biological reactor 6 together to ensure that selenious acid ions (SeO) in the liquid phase3 2-) Reduction to elemental selenium (Se)0) And sulfide ion (S) in sulfide2-) Oxidation to elemental sulphur (S)0). Therefore, the residual selenite and sulfide in the wastewater are synchronously removed through inorganic chemical action, and finally the effluent 9 meets the discharge requirement.
In the above processing method, the corresponding process parameters can be selectively set as follows:
the total selenium concentration in the selenium-containing wastewater is 5-150 mg/L, and the sulfur ion concentration in the sulfur-containing wastewater is 5-1000 mg/L.
The anaerobic bioreactor 3 may be an ascending anaerobic sludge bed reactor, in addition to the MBR reactor. In the treatment process, the hydraulic retention time is preferably controlled to be 12-36 h, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, the pH is 7-8, and the dissolved oxygen is 0.5-4 mg/L. The microorganisms in the anaerobic bioreactor 3 are enriched selenate reducing bacteria or anaerobic biological flora in selenium-containing environment (sludge in selenium-containing environment can be directly used), and the flora can convert more than 98% of selenate ions (SeO)4 2-) Reduction to selenite ion (SeO)3 2-) And elemental selenium (Se)0) Wherein more than 55% of the total content of the selenium-rich selenium is reduced to selenite (SeO)3 2-)。
In step S1 of the process, the microorganisms use a carbon source of the selenium-containing wastewater as an electron donor, and when the carbon source is insufficient, the carbon source needs to be added, and the molar ratio of C/Se in the wastewater is controlled to be 2-8; the preferable additional carbon source is sodium formate, and the C/Se molar ratio is 3-5.
In step S2 of the above process, the pH of the liquid phase and the sulfur-containing wastewater are both controlled to be 7 to 10, and the preferred pH is 9 to 10. In S2, the hydraulic retention time is 15 to 60min, preferably 20 to 30 min. In addition, the S/Se molar ratio of the wastewater in the non-biological reactor is 2-7, preferably 3.4-4.1.
The above is the basic implementation form of the processing apparatus and the processing method of the present invention, and when the specific apparatus structure and the process parameters are applied in different scenes, optimization and adjustment should be performed according to experiments to determine the optimal structure and the process parameters.
In order to show the advantages of the present invention, the treatment device and the treatment method are applied to the examples, and the present invention is further illustrated with reference to the comparative examples, so as to show the technical effects of the solution of the present invention.
Example 1
In this example, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and the process of the present invention were used to treat simulated wastewater.
Preparing simulated wastewater containing selenate and sulfide respectively. The water quality of the selenium-containing wastewater is as follows: measuring selenate ion (SeO) in the wastewater with ion chromatography at pH of 7.24 2-) The concentration was 40 mg/L. The quality of the sulfur-containing wastewater is as follows: pH was 9.8, and sulfide ion (S) was measured by N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine spectrophotometry2-) The concentration was 67.2 mg/L.
Adopting a conventional upflow anaerobic membrane bioreactor as a selenium-containing wastewater treatment site, wherein biological inoculation is taken from selenate reducing bacteria enriched in a laboratory environment, and the reactor comprises a PVDF membrane component with the aperture of 0.5 mu m and is used for intercepting the selenate reducing bacteria; the cover adopts a flange structure, and is fixed by 8M 8 bolt and nut assemblies and rubber pads to ensure the air tightness of the reactor; controlling the temperature to be 28 ℃, the pH to be 7.0-8.0 and the hydraulic retention time to be 24 hours; the non-biological reactor is a glass tank with three interfaces on the side surface, and can effectively avoid corrosion possibly caused by long-term operation.
The processing process is shown in S1 and S2, wherein more than 98% of selenate ions in the wastewater are reduced by microorganisms in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor, and 58% of selenite ions are obtained. Determination of selenious acid (SeO) in effluent of anaerobic bioreactor by ion chromatography3 2-) 23.7mg/L into a non-biological reactor. Mixing the two kinds of waste water by using a speed-adjustable peristaltic pump according to the S/Se molar ratio of 3.7, wherein the treatment temperature is 28 ℃, the pH value is 9.0-10.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 0.5-4mg/L, the reaction time is 30 minutes, and stirring and mixing are carried out by a magnetic stirrer.
The steady-state operation results of the reactors in the present example are shown in fig. 2, wherein a and B represent the treatment effects of the anaerobic bioreactor 3 and the non-biological reactor 6, respectively, which indicates that the present example can complete the effective removal of selenate/selenite and sulfide ions within a short hydraulic retention time, the removal rate of selenate in effluent is stabilized at 98%, and the removal rate of selenite and sulfide ions is stabilized at more than 95%.
Comparative example 1
The treatment process and the operating conditions were the same as in example 1, except that: and (3) treating the selenium-polluted wastewater only by using the anaerobic bioreactor 3 without adopting sectional treatment, wherein the total operation time is 144 h. Wherein the first 48 hours is selenate reduction to selenite consumption of 1.26mM carbon source; the accumulated selenite was further reduced by 96 hours later, consuming 0.64mM carbon source. Compared with the method only reducing selenate, the required running time for simultaneously reducing selenate and selenite is at least 2 times increased, and the consumption of carbon source formic acid is at least 50 percent increased.
Comparative example 2
The treatment process and the operating conditions were the same as in example 1, except that: in the non-biological reactor 6, the first-stage effluent 4 and the sulfide-polluted wastewater 7 are treated under the conditions of pH 4,7,9,10 and 12, respectively. After treatment: under the condition of pH 4, the removal rate of selenious acid root is 16%, and the removal rate of sulfur pollution is 44%; under the condition of pH 7, the removal rate of selenious acid root is 59 percent, and the removal rate of sulfur pollution is 99 percent; under the condition of pH 9, the removal rate of selenious acid root is 69%, and the removal rate of sulfur pollution is 99%; under the condition of pH 10, the removal rate of selenious acid root is 89%, and the removal rate of sulfur pollution is 99%; under the condition of pH 12, the removal rate of selenium and sulfur is lower than 15%. Therefore, the preferable pH value of the primary effluent 4 and the sulfide-polluted wastewater 7 is 9-10.
Comparative example 3
The treatment process and the operating conditions were the same as in example 1, except that: in the abiotic reactor 6, the first effluent 4 and the sulfide-contaminated wastewater 7 were treated under conditions of S/Se ═ 0.8,1.6,2.4,3.4,4.1, and 6.7, respectively. After treatment: under the condition that S/Se is 0.8, the removal rate of selenious acid roots is 35 percent, and the removal rate of sulfur is 100 percent; under the condition that S/Se is 1.6, the removal rate of selenious acid roots is 56 percent, and the removal rate of sulfur is 99 percent; under the condition that S/Se is 2.4, the removal rate of selenious acid root is 76 percent, and the removal rate of sulfur is 99 percent; under the condition that S/Se is 3.4, the removal rate of selenious acid root is 91 percent, and the removal rate of sulfur is 99 percent; under the condition that S/Se is 4.1, the removal rate of selenious acid root is 96 percent, and the removal rate of sulfur is 99 percent; under the condition that S/Se is 6.7, the removal rate of selenite is 98 percent, and the removal rate of sulfur is 89 percent. Therefore, the preferred S/Se molar ratio of the invention is 3.4 to 4.1.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A treatment method for synchronously removing selenium pollution and sulfide pollution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: introducing selenium-containing wastewater into an anaerobic bioreactor for treatment in a continuous flow mode, and reducing selenate ions in the wastewater into selenite ions through microorganisms and accumulating the selenite ions;
s2: introducing the liquid phase after the reaction in the S1 and the sulfide-containing wastewater into a non-biological reactor together, so that selenite ions in the liquid phase are reduced into elemental selenium, and sulfide ions in the sulfide are oxidized into elemental sulfur;
the anaerobic bioreactor adopts a membrane bioreactor; in the treatment process, the hydraulic retention time is controlled to be 12-36 h, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, the pH is 7-8, and the dissolved oxygen is 0.5-4 mg/L;
in S2, the pH values of the liquid phase and the sulfur-containing wastewater are both controlled to be 9-10, and the S/Se molar ratio of the wastewater in the non-biological reactor is 3.4-4.1.
2. The process of claim 1 for the simultaneous removal of selenium and sulfide contamination comprising: the total selenium concentration in the selenium-containing wastewater is 5-150 mg/L, and the sulfur ion concentration in the sulfur-containing wastewater is 5-1000 mg/L.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the microorganisms adopt enriched selenate reducing bacteria or anaerobic biological flora in selenium-containing environment, and can reduce more than 98% of selenate ions into selenite ions and selenium simple substances, wherein more than 55% of selenate ions are reduced into selenite ions.
4. The process of claim 1 for the simultaneous removal of selenium and sulfide contamination comprising: in S1, the microorganism takes a carbon source of the selenium-containing wastewater as an electron donor, and when the carbon source is insufficient, the carbon source needs to be added, and the molar ratio of C/Se in the wastewater is controlled to be 2-8.
5. The process of claim 4 for the simultaneous removal of selenium and sulfide contamination comprising: the carbon source is sodium formate, and the C/Se molar ratio is 3-5.
6. The process of claim 1 for the simultaneous removal of selenium and sulfide contamination comprising: and in S2, the hydraulic retention time is 15-60 min.
7. The process of claim 1 for the simultaneous removal of selenium and sulfide contamination comprising: and in S2, the hydraulic retention time is 20-30 min.
8. A treatment apparatus for simultaneously removing selenium contamination and sulfide contamination for realizing the treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: comprises an anaerobic bioreactor, an intermediate collecting device, a pH adjusting device, a non-biological reactor and a final collecting device; the anaerobic bioreactor is provided with a water inlet for introducing selenium-polluted wastewater, the inside of the anaerobic bioreactor discharges water through a membrane component, and the outlet of the anaerobic bioreactor is connected with the intermediate collecting device and is used for collecting wastewater discharged after the anaerobic bioreactor passes through the membrane; the first water inlet of the non-biological reactor is connected with the water outlet of the middle collecting device, meanwhile, a second inlet for introducing sulfide-polluted wastewater is also arranged on the non-biological reactor, and the water outlet of the non-biological reactor is connected with the final collecting device; the pH adjusting device is used for adjusting the pH of the two paths of wastewater introduced into the non-biological reactor.
9. The processing apparatus for simultaneously removing selenium contamination and sulfide contamination of claim 8, wherein: and a pH controller for detecting and adjusting pH is arranged in the intermediate collecting device.
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| CN102358653A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-02-22 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Treatment method of selenium-containing wastewater |
| CN110681345A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-01-14 | 沈阳鑫迪环境技术有限公司 | Preparation method of selenium-loaded and sulfur-loaded demercuration material |
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