CN112147668A - Wide-range miniaturized space proton detector and detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of space radiation environment detection, in particular to a wide-range miniaturized space proton detector and a detection method, wherein the detector comprises a low-energy detection area and a high-energy detection area, wherein: the low-energy detection area is used for detecting and identifying intermediate-energy protons, is provided with a graphene film, a microchannel plate and a first detector, the high-energy detection area is used for detecting and identifying high-energy protons, and is provided with a second detector, a Ta energy reduction sheet and a third detector; the first detector, the second detector, the Ta energy reduction sheet and the third detector are sequentially arranged from thin to thick, the graphene film and silicon semiconductor method is used for detecting and identifying the medium-energy protons in the low-energy section, the silicon semiconductor, the Ta energy reduction sheet and the scintillation crystal constitute a telescope type detection method for detecting and identifying the high-energy protons in the high-energy section, the measurement range is wide, the size of the detector is reduced, the miniaturization design of the detector is realized, and the requirements of military satellite carrying and micro-nano satellite can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of space radiation environment detection, in particular to a wide-range miniaturized space proton detector and a detection method.
Background
The space radiation environment is a main factor influencing the on-orbit safe operation of the spacecraft, and the accurate detection of the space radiation environment is also a precondition for space situation perception and space weather forecast. The space radiation environment mainly comprises protons, electrons, heavy ions and the like, wherein the protons are mainly distributed in the radiation zone in the earth, and the energy is mainly in the large dynamic range of 50KeV-150 MeV. The existence of the particles can bring radiation hazards such as total ionization dose, single particle effect and the like to the spacecraft and the satellite, and the on-orbit performance and safe operation of the spacecraft are seriously influenced. The method can provide important technical support for the research of the disaster event and early warning through accurately detecting the space radiation particles, can also provide service for the safety guarantee of the spacecraft, and can also provide important input data for the research of the space science.
In the aspect of particle detection technology, the development is heading towards a composite detector with the capabilities of multi-particle detection, multi-information detection and particle type identification; meanwhile, the load is gradually reduced to a small-sized and low-power-consumption load. Compared with the same type of detectors abroad, although the existing medium-high energy proton measurement technology is relatively mature, the detectors and circuits developed in China are complex, the detectors have large volumes and large power consumption, and the satellites cannot provide enough resources. With the rapid development of aerospace industry in China, military requirements of navigation satellites, high-resolution earth observation satellites, novel reconnaissance satellites, novel communication satellites and the like are increasing day by day, the requirements of space tasks are also increasing day by day, and the system functions of the spacecraft are continuously expanded. Meanwhile, with the continuous maturation of the micro-nano satellite/constellation satellite technology, the micro-nano satellite needs to have the performances of miniaturization, low cost, high performance, high flexibility and the like, which all compel the effective load to also meet the application development requirements of low cost, miniaturization and high reliability, and on the other hand, most of the current proton detectors are unidirectional and narrow range measurement, and the measurement range cannot cover protons in a medium-high energy section of a space environment.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a miniaturized, high-integration, medium-high energy proton detection technology, reduce quality and power consumption, reduce platform resource overhead, and better adapt to future embarkation requirements. Aiming at the middle and high energy protons of 50KeV-150MeV, the measurement range is large, and because the middle energy protons and the high energy protons exist simultaneously, the design requirements of miniaturization and low power consumption can not be realized by using the traditional silicon semiconductor telescope system. Therefore, a design method of segmented design and comprehensive measurement is needed to segment the medium and high energy proton of 50KeV-150MeV to be detected into a low energy section and a high energy section, wherein the energy range of the low energy section is 50KeV-2MeV, and the energy range of the high energy section is 2MeV-150 MeV. Therefore, a detector and a detection method based on combination of a nano graphene film and a silicon semiconductor telescope are designed, and the wide-range, small-sized and intensive design is realized, so that the requirements of military satellite carrying and micro-nano satellite are met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a wide-range miniaturized space proton detector and a detection method, which are used for detecting medium and high energy protons in a segmented manner and realizing the detection requirements of wide range, miniaturization and intensification.
The invention discloses a wide-range miniaturized space proton detector, which comprises a low-energy detection area and a high-energy detection area, wherein: the low-energy detection area is used for detecting and identifying the intermediate energy protons, and is provided with a graphene film, a microchannel plate and a first detector, wherein the first detector is arranged on one side of the graphene film, and the injected intermediate energy protons penetrate through the graphene film and are injected onto the first detector; the high-energy detection area is used for detecting and identifying high-energy protons and is provided with a second detector, a Ta energy reduction sheet and a third detector; the first detector, the second detector, the Ta energy reduction sheet and the third detector are sequentially arranged from thin to thick, and injected high-energy protons sequentially penetrate through the graphene film, the first detector, the second detector and the Ta energy reduction sheet and are injected onto the third detector.
Further, the energy of the intermediate energy proton is 50KeV-2 MeV.
Further, the energy of the high-energy proton is 2MeV-150 MeV.
Further, the first detector and the second detector are both Si semiconductor detectors.
Further, the thickness of the first detector is less than 30um, and the thickness of the second detector is 250um-350 um.
Furthermore, the third detector is a BGO scintillation crystal detector, and the thickness of the third detector is 1.5cm-2.5 cm.
Further, the thickness of the Ta energy reducing sheet is 8-12 mm.
The invention also discloses a space proton detection method, which is applied to the wide-range miniaturized space proton detector and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: injecting medium and high energy protons to be detected into the wide-range miniaturized space proton detector through the graphene film; step two: detecting and identifying the intermediate energy protons, wherein the intermediate energy protons fly in the low-energy detection area, and the intermediate energy protons are detected and identified through the microchannel plate and the first detector; step three: and detecting and identifying high-energy protons, wherein the high-energy protons can pass through the low-energy detection area and fly in the high-energy detection area, and the first detector, the second detector and the third detector are used for detecting and identifying the high-energy protons.
Further, when the intermediate energy protons are detected and identified in the second step, the initial time of the intermediate energy protons passing through the graphene film is recorded through the microchannel plate, the termination time of the arrival of the intermediate energy protons and the energy of the intermediate energy protons are recorded through the first detector, the flight time of the intermediate energy protons can be obtained through calculation, the energy of the intermediate energy protons and the flight time of the intermediate energy protons are combined, the mass number of the intermediate energy protons is calculated, and the detection and identification of the intermediate energy protons are achieved.
Further, when the high-energy protons are detected and identified in the third step, the deposition energy Δ E1 of the high-energy protons is recorded through the first detector, the deposition energy Δ E2 of the high-energy protons is recorded through the second detector, the energy of the high-energy protons is reduced through the Ta energy-reducing sheet, the deposition energy Δ E3 of the high-energy protons is recorded through the third detector, and the detection and identification of the high-energy protons are realized according to a deposition energy calculation formula.
The invention provides a wide-range miniaturized space proton detector and a detection method, which have the following beneficial effects:
the wide-range miniaturized space proton detector provided by the invention detects and identifies the medium-energy protons in the low-energy section by a graphene film and silicon semiconductor method, detects and identifies the high-energy protons in the high-energy section by a telescope type detection method consisting of the silicon semiconductor, a Ta energy reduction sheet and a scintillation crystal, realizes the detection and identification of the medium-energy protons with the energy of 50KeV-150MeV, has a large measurement range, can share the internal detectors, realizes the intensive design of the detectors, increases the dynamic range of the detectors on the one hand, reduces the size of the detectors on the other hand, realizes the miniaturized design of the detectors, and can meet the requirements of military satellite carrying and micro-nano satellites.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wide-range miniaturized spatial proton detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-low energy detection region, 11-graphene film, 12-microchannel plate, 13-first detector, 2-high energy detection region, 21-second detector, 22-Ta energy reduction sheet and 23-third detector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a wide-range miniaturized space proton detector, which comprises a low-energy detection area 1 and a high-energy detection area 2, wherein: the low-energy detection region 1 is used for detecting and identifying intermediate energy protons, and is provided with a graphene film 11, a microchannel plate 12 and a first detector 12, wherein the first detector 12 is arranged on one side of the graphene film 11, and the injected intermediate energy protons pass through the graphene film 11 and are injected onto the first detector 12; the high-energy detection area 2 is used for detecting and identifying high-energy protons and is provided with a second detector 21, a Ta energy reduction sheet 22 and a third detector 23; the first detector 12, the second detector 21, the Ta energy-reducing sheet 22 and the third detector 23 are sequentially arranged from thin to thick, and the injected high-energy protons sequentially pass through the graphene film 11, the first detector 12, the second detector 21 and the Ta energy-reducing sheet 22 and are injected onto the third detector 23.
Specifically, the wide-range miniaturized spatial proton detector provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a detection mode of sectional detection and comprehensive measurement to detect and identify medium and high energy protons in a spatial radiation environment. The low-energy detection region 1 is mainly used for detecting the medium-energy protons with the identification energy of 50KeV-2MeV, and the high-energy detection region 2 is mainly used for detecting the high-energy protons with the identification energy of 2MeV-150 MeV. The low-energy detection region 1 adopts a mode of adding a silicon semiconductor detector to the graphene film 11, and the mass number of particles can be calculated by recording the flight time of proton incidence and the total energy signal, so that the identification of intermediate energy protons is realized. In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the graphene film 11 is preferably 1um, the influence on protons is small, protons can smoothly pass through the graphene film, the microchannel plate 12 is mainly used for measuring time, the timing performance can reach 100ps, and the first detector 12 is mainly used for measuring the energy of incident protonsThe spectrum and the flight termination time of the proton realize the control of the flight distance of the medium-energy proton by controlling the distance between the graphene film 11 and the first detector 12, so that the flight distance of the medium-energy proton is 40mm, the flight time is 2ns-15ns, the measurement error of the flight time is less than 600ps, the high-precision identification of the medium-energy proton is completely met, the flight distance of the proton is limited, the high-precision identification of the proton is also met, and the miniaturization of the detector is realized. The high-energy detection area 2 adopts a telescope type detection mode formed by a silicon semiconductor and a Ta energy reduction sheet 22 and a scintillation crystal, the silicon semiconductor, the Ta energy reduction sheet 22 and the scintillation crystal are arranged in a thin and thick mode to form a charged particle detection telescope system, the silicon semiconductor is used for recording the deposition energy delta E1 and delta E2 of high-energy protons, the Ta energy reduction sheet is used for reducing the energy of the high-energy protons so as to reduce the range of the high-energy protons, the scintillation crystal is used for recording the deposition energy delta E3 of the high-energy protons, and the subsequent calculation formula delta E & alpha to mZ according to the deposition energy2And the detection and identification of high-energy protons can be realized.
Further, the energy of the intermediate energy proton is 50KeV-2 MeV. In the embodiment of the present invention, the low energy detection region 1 is mainly used for detecting protons with a discrimination energy of 50KeV-2 MeV.
Further, the energy of the high-energy proton is 2MeV-150 MeV. In the embodiment of the present invention, the high-energy detection region 2 is mainly used for detecting protons with the discrimination energy of 2MeV-150 MeV.
Further, the first detector 12 and the second detector 21 are both Si semiconductor detectors. The first detector 12 and the second detector 21 adopt Si semiconductor detectors, can achieve higher resolution in the aspects of time measurement and energy measurement, and meet the time measurement precision requirement of protons.
Further, the thickness of the first detector 12 is less than 30um, and the thickness of the second detector 21 is 250um-350 um. The first detector 12 is also used as an initial detector of the high-energy detection area 2, the lower limit value of the energy of the high-energy protons is 2MeV, and the requirements of the high-energy detection system need to be considered, and a trigger signal is given, so that the thickness of the first detector 12 is less than 30 um. The second detector 21 mainly aims to improve the efficiency of the high-energy detection system, when high-energy protons pass through the first detector 12, if the second detector 21 is not provided, after passing through the Ta energy reduction sheet 22, the detection efficiency of the third detector 23 on the high-energy protons is reduced, so that the second detector 21 needs to ensure a certain thickness, and the detector noise and the leakage current should be as low as possible, and therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the second detector 21 is preferably 300 um.
Further, the third detector 23 is a BGO scintillation crystal detector, and the thickness of the third detector 23 is 1.5cm-2.5 cm. The third detector 23 is mainly used for depositing energy of high-energy protons, which will deposit 150MeV proton energy, and for protons larger than 150MeV, it will pass through the whole probe, so a high density scintillation crystal is used as the third detector 23, and considering the requirement of miniaturization of the whole detector, the density of the scintillation crystal should be as large as possible, and at the same time, it needs to have sufficiently high luminous efficiency, so a higher density BGO scintillation crystal is used as the third detector 23.
Further, the thickness of the Ta energy reducing sheet 22 is 8-12 mm. The Ta element has high atomic number and high energy reduction sheet density, and the Ta energy reduction sheet 22 can deposit most of the energy of high-energy protons, so that the size of the BGO scintillation crystal detector can be reduced, and the miniaturization of the detector is realized. When the Ta energy reduction sheet 22 is not used, the maximum range of 150MeV protons in the BGO crystal is 4cm, so that the BGO scintillation crystal with 4cm x 4cm can meet the detection requirement, but after the 10mmTa energy reduction sheet 22 is added, the thickness of the BGO scintillation crystal detector is reduced to 2cm, the performance cannot be influenced, and the detection requirement of the 150MeV high-energy protons is completely met.
The invention also discloses a space proton detection method, which is applied to the wide-range miniaturized space proton detector and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: injecting medium and high energy protons to be detected into the wide-range miniaturized space proton detector through the graphene film 11; step two: detecting the identified intermediate energy protons, wherein the intermediate energy protons fly in the low energy detection area 1 and are detected through the microchannel plate 12 and the first detector 12; step three: and detecting and identifying high-energy protons, wherein the high-energy protons pass through the low-energy detection area 1 and fly in the high-energy detection area 2, and the high-energy protons are detected and identified by the first detector 12, the second detector 21 and the third detector 23.
Further, when detecting and identifying the intermediate energy protons in the second step, the initial time of the intermediate energy protons passing through the graphene film 11 is recorded through the microchannel plate 12, the end time of the arrival of the intermediate energy protons and the energy of the intermediate energy protons are recorded through the first detector 12, the flight time of the intermediate energy protons can be obtained through calculation, the energy of the intermediate energy protons and the flight time of the intermediate energy protons are combined, the mass number of the intermediate energy protons is calculated, and the detection and identification of the intermediate energy protons are realized.
Further, when the high-energy protons are identified through detection in the third step, the deposition energy Δ E1 of the high-energy protons is recorded by the first detector 12, the deposition energy Δ E2 of the high-energy protons is recorded by the second detector 21, the energy of the high-energy protons is reduced by the Ta energy reduction plate 22, so that the range of the high-energy protons in the third detector 23 is reduced, the third detector 23 is ensured to be capable of depositing the residual energy of the 150MeV protons completely, the deposition energy Δ E3 of the high-energy protons is recorded by the third detector 23, and the deposition energy Δ E · E — > mZ is determined according to the deposition energy formula Δ E · E — (m2Where Δ E ═ Δ E1 and E ═ Δ E1+ Δ E2 when no energy is deposited on the third detector 23, and where Δ E ═ Δ E1+ Δ E2 and E ═ Δ E1+ Δ E2+ Δ E3 when there is energy deposition on the third detector 23, mZ is formed due to charged particles of each specific component2The detection and identification of the high-energy protons can be realized through the energy deposition formula.
The present invention has been further described with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications made to the above-described embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art after reading this specification are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a miniaturized space proton detector of wide range which characterized in that, includes low energy detection district and high energy detection district, wherein:
the low-energy detection area is used for detecting and identifying intermediate energy protons, and is provided with a graphene film, a microchannel plate and a first detector, wherein the first detector is arranged on one side of the graphene film, and the injected intermediate energy protons penetrate through the graphene film and are injected onto the first detector;
the high-energy detection area is used for detecting and identifying high-energy protons and is provided with a second detector, a Ta energy reduction sheet and a third detector;
the first detector, the second detector, the Ta energy reduction sheet and the third detector are sequentially arranged from thin to thick, and injected high-energy protons sequentially penetrate through the graphene film, the first detector, the second detector and the Ta energy reduction sheet and are injected onto the third detector.
2. The wide range miniaturized spatial proton detector of claim 1 wherein said energy of said intermediate energy protons is 50KeV-2 MeV.
3. The wide-range, miniaturized spatial proton detector of claim 1 wherein said high-energy protons have an energy of 2MeV to 150 MeV.
4. The wide-range, miniaturized spatial proton detector of claim 1 wherein said first detector and said second detector are both Si semiconductor detectors.
5. The wide-range miniaturized spatial proton detector of claim 4 wherein said first detector has a thickness of less than 30um and said second detector has a thickness of 250-350 um.
6. The wide-range miniaturized spatial proton detector of claim 1 wherein said third detector is a BGO scintillation crystal detector, said third detector having a thickness of 1.5cm to 2.5 cm.
7. The wide-range miniaturized spatial proton detector of claim 1 wherein said Ta energy-dropping plate has a thickness of 8-12 mm.
8. A method for detecting spatial protons, applied to the wide-range miniaturized spatial proton detector of any of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: injecting medium and high energy protons to be detected into the wide-range miniaturized space proton detector through the graphene film;
step two: detecting identifying intermediate-energy protons, wherein the intermediate-energy protons fly in the low-energy detection region and are detected by the microchannel plate and the first detector;
step three: and detecting and identifying high-energy protons, wherein the high-energy protons pass through the low-energy detection area and fly in the high-energy detection area, and the first detector, the second detector and the third detector are used for detecting and identifying the high-energy protons.
9. The method for detecting spatial protons according to claim 8, wherein when detecting and identifying the intermediate energy protons in the second step, the initial time of the intermediate energy protons passing through the graphene film is recorded through the microchannel plate, the end time of the arrival of the intermediate energy protons and the energy of the intermediate energy protons are recorded through the first detector, the flight time of the intermediate energy protons can be obtained through calculation, the energy of the intermediate energy protons and the flight time of the intermediate energy protons are combined, the mass number of the intermediate energy protons is calculated, and the detection and identification of the intermediate energy protons are realized.
10. The method for detecting spatial protons according to claim 6, wherein in the step three, when detecting and identifying the high-energy protons, the deposition energy Δ E1 of the high-energy protons is recorded by the first detector, the deposition energy Δ E2 of the high-energy protons is recorded by the second detector, the energy of the high-energy protons is reduced by the Ta energy-reduction plate, the deposition energy Δ E3 of the high-energy protons is recorded by the third detector, and the detection and identification of the high-energy protons are calculated according to the deposition energy formula.
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