CN112146989A

CN112146989A - Microcosmic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device and method

Info

Publication number: CN112146989A
Application number: CN201910576202.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 裴宇昕; 陈紫薇; 吕向阳; 石瑾; 窦梦琪; 贾云鹏; 田福春; 纪鹏; 张谦; 周华兴; 林火养; 何光晶
Original assignee: Petrochina Co Ltd
Current assignee: Petrochina Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-06-28
Filing date: 2019-06-28
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-28
Also published as: CN112146989B

Abstract

The invention discloses a microcosmic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device and method, and belongs to the field of oil exploitation. The device comprises: the testing main frame, the power unit, the power transmission unit and the measuring unit; the power unit is connected with one end of the testing main frame; the power transmission unit includes: the first piston and the second piston are oppositely arranged; the first piston and the second piston are in sliding connection with the testing main frame; the first piston is connected with the power unit; an accommodating space is formed among the first piston, the second piston and the testing main frame, and the accommodating space is used for placing a solid phase to be tested; the measuring unit is connected with the first piston or the second piston and is used for acquiring a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested. The elastoplasticity of the self-supporting solid phase can be accurately judged by researching a plurality of performance parameters and a real-time image during solid phase compression, so that the formula of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the technical parameters of the self-supporting fracturing are optimally designed, and the success rate of operation and the yield increasing effect can be improved.

Description

Microcosmic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of oil exploitation, in particular to a microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device and method.

Background

In the hydraulic fracturing operation, fracturing fluid and a fracturing fluid propping agent are required to be squeezed into an oil layer, and the fracturing fluid propping agent and the fracturing fluid enter fractured fractures. The fracturing fluid proppant is in a liquid phase at normal temperature, has unique thermal sensitivity, and can generate a solid phase when heated to a certain temperature. In the cracks formed in the oil layer, the temperature is increased under the action of the pressure of the earth, and the fracturing fluid proppant is heated to form a propping solid phase with good strength so as to prop the cracks not to be closed. The performance of a fracturing fluid proppant solid phase formed by the fracturing fluid proppant is the key of success or failure of fracturing construction. Therefore, before self-supporting fracturing measures, the performance of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant needs to be researched, and the formula of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the technical parameters of the self-supporting fracturing are accurately designed, so that the success rate of operation and the yield increasing effect can be ensured.

The related art adopts a test method comprising: obtaining the breaking rate of a solid phase of a fracturing fluid proppant; the performance of the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase was studied by the fracture rate.

The inventors found that the related art has at least the following problems:

the properties of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant are different from those of conventional proppants such as quartz sand, ceramsite and the like, the fracture rate under high pressure is low, and the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant also has certain elastoplasticity. The fracture rate is only used as a parameter for measuring the solid phase performance of the fracturing fluid proppant, and the solid phase performance of the fracturing fluid proppant cannot be accurately judged. Meanwhile, the compression strength of the self-supporting solid phase is far stronger than that of the conventional solid phase proppant, so that the method for testing the particles with the pressure bearing capacity of more than 100MPa cannot be accurately tested.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device and method, which can solve the technical problems. The technical scheme is as follows:

in one aspect, a microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid phase elastoplasticity testing device is provided, which comprises:

the testing main frame, the power unit, the power transmission unit, the measuring unit and the display unit;

the test body frame includes: the bottom plate, the first side plate, the second side plate, the third side plate and the cover plate; the bottom plate and the cover plate are arranged oppositely, the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate are vertically arranged between the bottom plate and the cover plate, and the third side plate is connected with the end parts of the first side plate and the second side plate on the same side;

the power unit is positioned between the first side plate and the second side plate and is opposite to the third side plate;

the power transmission unit includes: a first piston and a second piston; the first piston and the second piston are in sliding connection with the first side plate and the second side plate;

an accommodating space is formed among the first piston, the second piston, the bottom plate, the first side plate, the second side plate and the cover plate, and the accommodating space is used for accommodating a solid phase to be tested;

the first piston is connected with the power unit;

the measuring unit is connected with the first piston or the second piston and is used for acquiring a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested;

the display unit is connected with the measuring unit and is used for displaying the performance parameter information of the solid phase to be tested;

the test main frame and the power transmission unit are made of the following components in percentage by mass:

cesium: 0.91-1.46%, Mn: 0.35 to 0.95%, carbon: 0.30-0.42%, nickel: 0.15 to 0.35%, copper: 0.12 to 0.21%, molybdenum: 0.09-0.23%, sulfur: 0.09-0.19%, aluminum: 0.08-0.12%, nitrogen: less than or equal to 0.065 percent, phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.023 percent, titanium: less than or equal to 0.021%, cerium: less than or equal to 0.018%, oxygen: less than or equal to 0.002 percent, and the balance of iron and impurities.

In another aspect, there is provided a microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity test method for use in any one of the above devices, the method comprising:

the method comprises the steps of obtaining a solid phase to be tested, and placing the solid phase to be tested in a containing space formed by a first piston, a second piston and a testing main frame;

exerting multiple pressure on the first piston through a power unit, and enabling the first piston to displace for multiple times with the solid phase to be tested and the second piston under the action of the multiple pressure;

acquiring multiple displacement values of the first piston and the second piston corresponding to the multiple pressures and pressure values of the multiple pressures through a measuring unit;

obtaining the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested according to the multiple displacement values;

obtaining the bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested according to the pressure values of the multiple pressures;

obtaining a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested according to the compression ratio and the pressure bearing pressure;

displaying a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested through a display unit;

and researching the performance of the solid phase to be tested through the plurality of performance parameters.

In one possible implementation, the obtaining a solid phase to be tested includes:

weighing a first quantity of solid phases to be tested, and paving the first quantity of solid phases to be tested on one layer to obtain the solid phases to be tested.

weighing a second quantity of solid phases to be tested, and flatly paving the second quantity of solid phases to be tested on a plurality of layers to obtain the solid phases to be tested.

In a possible implementation manner, the applying, by the power unit, a plurality of pressures to the first piston, and obtaining, by the measurement unit, a plurality of displacement values of the first piston and the second piston corresponding to the plurality of pressures includes:

acquiring a first displacement value when a first pressure is applied to the first piston;

a second displacement value is obtained when a second pressure is applied to the first piston.

In a possible implementation manner, the obtaining the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested according to the multiple displacement values includes:

and obtaining the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested according to the first displacement value and the second displacement value.

In one possible implementation, the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested is obtained by the following formula:

{(L_1n-L₁₀)/L₁₀}×100％；

wherein L is₁₀Is the first displacement value, L_1nIs the second displacement value, and n is a sample value.

{[(L_1n-L₁₀)+(L_2n-L₂₀)]/2}/[(L₁₀+L₂₀)/2]×100％

wherein, L is₁₀、L₂₀Is the first displacement value, the L_1n、L_2nIs the second displacement value.

In a possible implementation manner, the obtaining of the bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested according to the pressure values of the multiple pressures includes:

acquiring the stressed area of the solid phase to be tested under the multiple pressures;

and obtaining the pressure bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested according to the multiple pressure and the stress area.

In one possible implementation, the bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested is obtained by the following formula:

P_n＝(F_n×g)/S_n；

wherein, P_nThe pressure bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested; f_nThe plurality of pressures applied to the solid phase to be tested; s_nIs the force-bearing area of the solid phase to be tested, n is a sampling point value

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:

the solid phase to be tested is placed in the accommodating space, power is provided for the device through the power unit, the first piston connected with the power unit moves towards the direction of the second piston under the stress, the solid phase to be tested positioned in the accommodating space is extruded, and multiple performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested are obtained through the measuring unit connected with the first piston or the second piston. The device provided by the embodiment of the invention can obtain a plurality of performance parameters when the solid phase to be tested is extruded. The main testing frame and the power transmission unit provided by the embodiment of the invention are prepared from the components, have the properties of high strength and good pressure resistance, can be suitable for testing the properties of self-supporting solid-phase particles of fracturing fluid with high hardness, high elastoplasticity and high strength, can accurately judge the elastoplasticity of a self-supporting solid phase by researching a plurality of performance parameters, further optimally design the formula of the self-supporting fracturing fluid and the technical parameters of the self-supporting fracturing, and can greatly improve the success rate of operation and the yield-increasing effect.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity test method provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a monolayer of solid phase particles to be tested provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-layered solid phase particle to be tested provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device provided by an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing mainframe provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a cover plate structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a manual pressure test pump provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of a hydraulic chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating scale according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a connector barrel provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a first piston according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a statistical chart of experimental data of a visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device provided by the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 17 is a schematic view of the visualization of the multilayer solid phase with different mesh numbers and different properties obtained by the visualized multilayer solid phase performance testing device provided by the embodiment of the invention during the experiment.

The reference numerals denote:

the method comprises the following steps of 1-testing a main frame, 11-a bottom plate, 12-a first side plate, 13-a second side plate, 14-a third side plate, 2-a power unit, 21-a manual pressure test pump, 22-a hydraulic chamber, 3-a power transmission unit, 31-a first piston, 32-a second piston, 4-a measurement unit, 41-a grating ruler, 42-a pressure sensor, 5-a display unit, 51-a first terminal, 52-a second terminal, 53-a third terminal, 6-a cover plate and 7-a connecting cylinder.

Detailed Description

Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the examples of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In oil exploitation, a fracturing fluid and a fracturing fluid propping agent are injected into an oil layer, the fracturing fluid injected into a stratum is applied with pressure through ground equipment, so that the stratum is cracked, and the fracturing fluid propping agent enters the cracks. Due to the unique thermal sensitivity of fracturing fluid proppants, a solid phase is generated when heated to a certain temperature. In the cracks formed in the oil layer, the temperature is increased under the action of the pressure of the earth, and the fracturing fluid proppant is heated to form a propping solid phase with good strength so as to prop the cracks not to be closed.

The research of the related technology on the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant is reflected in the research on the fragmenting performance and the flow conductivity of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant, but the performance of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant is greatly different from the properties of proppants such as quartz sand, ceramsite and the like, the particle size of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant is very small, generally between 0.1 millimeter and 5 millimeters, and the fragmenting rate of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant is only less than 5 percent even under high pressure, for example, under the pressure of 96 megapascals. And the proppant solid phase of the fracturing fluid also has certain elastoplasticity, and the method provided by the related technology cannot be used for researching other properties.

The method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for researching the elastoplasticity of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant and can also be used for researching the relevant performance of other tiny particles, such as conventional quartz sand or ceramsite and other proppants.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity test method, which is used in any one of the apparatuses provided in the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, and the method includes:

step 101, obtaining a solid phase to be tested, and placing the solid phase to be tested in a containing space formed by the first piston 31, the second piston 32 and the testing main frame 1.

The performance of a single fracturing fluid proppant solid-phase particle and the performance of a plurality of fracturing fluid proppant solid-phase particles form a nonlinear relation, that is, the performance of the plurality of fracturing fluid proppant solid-phase particles cannot be obtained only by researching the performance of the single fracturing fluid proppant solid-phase particle. Therefore, the performance studies of only a single proppant solid-phase particle of the fracturing fluid cannot meet the needs of oil recovery operations.

The method provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can be used for measuring the performance of a single solid phase particle to be tested, but also can be used for researching the performance of a plurality of fracturing fluid proppant solid phase particles, so that the efficiency of oil extraction operation is improved.

In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 1, step 101 includes: steps 1011 and 1012;

step 1011, weighing a first quantity of solid phases to be tested, and paving the first quantity of solid phases to be tested on one layer to obtain the solid phases to be tested.

In the experiment, a first amount of solid phases to be tested are weighed and laid on a layer, and at this time, because the solid phases to be tested are laid on a layer, there is no overlap between particles of the solid phases to be tested, as shown in fig. 2. When pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested, the solid phase particles to be tested are all in one plane, and therefore, the obtained experimental result is the data of a single solid phase to be tested.

Illustratively, the first amount may be determined according to the experimental protocol, but the number of particles tested for a single solid phase to be tested cannot be less than 1.

It is understood that the first amount may be weighed according to the weight of the particles of the solid phase to be tested, or may be the number of the particles of the solid phase to be tested, and is determined according to the scheme during the test, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.

Step 1012, weighing a second quantity of solid phase to be tested, and spreading the second quantity of solid phase to be tested on a plurality of layers to obtain the solid phase to be tested.

In the experiment, a second number of solid phases to be tested is weighed and spread over a plurality of layers, i.e. the particles of the second number of solid phases to be tested are stacked in a plurality of layers, see fig. 3. When pressure is applied to a second quantity of solid phases to be tested, a plurality of surfaces of the particles of the solid phases to be tested are stressed, and the stress directions are different, so that effective data are provided for oil extraction operation.

Illustratively, the second quantity may be determined according to a protocol specific to the experiment, testing a plurality of solid phases to be tested for a particle count greater than 2.

The second quantity can be weighed according to the weight of the particles of the solid phase to be tested, or the quantity of the particles of the solid phase to be tested can be determined according to a scheme during testing, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited.

As an example, the solid phase to be tested provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a fracturing fluid proppant solid phase, and may also be a proppant solid phase such as conventional quartz sand or ceramsite.

Step 102, applying pressure to the first piston 31 for multiple times through the power unit 2, and under the action of the multiple pressure, the first piston 31, the solid phase to be tested and the second piston 32 displace for multiple times.

It can be understood that the solid phase to be tested not only has solidity, but also has certain elasticity, and when the solid phase to be tested is subjected to external acting force, the particles of the solid phase to be tested are not immediately crushed, but also can generate certain elastic deformation.

As an example, a second quantity of the solid phase to be tested is weighed and pressure is applied to the second quantity of the solid phase to be tested. For example, the solid phase to be tested can be placed in the accommodating space, the micro pressure sensor is installed at the upper dead point of the accommodating space, pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested in the accommodating space for multiple times, the displacement value of the solid phase to be tested is recorded according to different pressure sizes, and the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested can be obtained through multiple displacement values under multiple times of pressure.

The compression ratio represents the degree to which the gas in the cylinder is compressed when the piston moves from bottom dead center to top dead center. In the embodiment of the present invention, the compression ratio refers to a deformation magnitude when the solid phase to be tested located in the accommodating space is compressed from a lower point to a top dead center in the accommodating space, and in the embodiment, the deformation magnitude can be expressed by a displacement value of the solid phase to be tested in the accommodating space.

In one possible implementation, step 102 includes: step 1021 and step 1022;

step 1021, acquiring a first displacement value when a first pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested;

it can be understood that, when obtaining the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested, the initial displacement of the solid phase to be tested in the containing space needs to be obtained, and then the multiple displacement values of the solid phase to be tested after applying multiple pressures are measured, and the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested under the pressure is obtained by comparing the multiple displacement values with the initial displacement values.

The measuring unit 4 provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a miniature force sensor positioned at the top dead center of the testing main frame 1, and the pressure value of multiple times of pressure applied by the power unit 2 is obtained through the miniature force sensor.

As an example, when the micro pressure sensor starts to apply pressure to the solid phase to be tested in the containing space, the pressure is transmitted to the top dead center in the containing space, and the pressure is transmitted to the top dead center in the containing space, when the micro pressure sensor starts to display the reading, the displacement value of the solid phase to be tested in the containing space at this time, namely the initial displacement value, is recorded as the first displacement value.

And step 1022, acquiring a second displacement value when a second pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested.

By applying a second pressure to the solid phase to be tested, the second pressure may be greater than the first pressure or less than the first pressure. The solid phase to be tested is extruded in the accommodating space, the deformation quantity is smaller and smaller, the displacement value is shorter and shorter, and therefore the second pressure can be increased in sequence.

Step 103, acquiring multiple displacement values and pressure values of multiple pressures of the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 corresponding to the multiple pressures by the measuring unit 4.

The pressure applied by the power unit 2 in the embodiment of the invention is multiple times, and the accuracy of the obtained solid phase compression ratio to be tested can be improved through the obtained multiple pressure values and the displacement values corresponding to the multiple pressure values.

And step 104, obtaining the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested according to the displacement values.

According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested is obtained, some performances of the solid phase to be tested can be simply judged according to the relation between the compression ratio and the pressure. For example, the solid phase is tested for elastoplasticity, etc.

In one possible implementation, step 104 includes: and obtaining the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested according to the first displacement value and the second displacement value.

In the experimental process, an initial pressure is applied to a solid phase to be tested, and when the micro force sensor at the top dead center in the accommodating space just counts, a first displacement value at the moment is recorded and serves as an initial displacement value. And then, pressure can be applied to the solid phase to be tested for multiple times, the applied pressure readings are recorded through the miniature force sensor at the top dead center in the containing space, multiple displacement values of the solid phase to be tested in the containing space under the multiple pressures are recorded and serve as second displacement values, and the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested is obtained through the ratio of the difference between the second displacement values and the first displacement values to the first displacement values.

In one possible implementation, step 104 further includes: the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested is obtained by the following formula:

{(L_1n-L₁₀)/L₁₀}×100％；

wherein L is₁₀Is a first displacement value, L_1nIs the second shift value and n is the sample value.

The embodiment of the invention provides an example, after pressure is applied to a solid phase to be tested, a displacement value which is first indicated on a micro pressure sensor is recorded as L, namely the first displacement value₁₀The value of the multiple displacement of the solid phase to be tested at the multiple pressure values, i.e. the second displacement value, is recorded as L_1n. And obtaining the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested by the formula.

{[(L_1n-L₁₀)+(L_2n-L₂₀)]/2}/[(L₁₀+L₂₀)/2]×100％

wherein L is₁₀、L₂₀Is a first displacement value, L_1n、L_2nIs the second shift value and n is the sample value.

Calculating a formula through the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested: { (L)_1n-L₁₀)/L ₁₀100% it can be seen that each time a pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested, there is a shift value, due to the fact thatHere, each time there is a displacement value, there is a compression ratio, and there may be an error between the obtained compression ratios.

The embodiment of the invention provides an example, two instruments for acquiring the displacement of a solid phase to be tested are arranged, the displacement of the solid phase to be tested is acquired together through the readings of the two instruments, and the displacement values acquired by the two instruments are divided equally to obtain the total displacement of the solid phase to be tested. Therefore, the accuracy of obtaining the displacement value can be improved, and the accuracy of the solid phase evaluation result to be tested is improved.

Wherein L is₁₀For the displacement value, L, of the solid phase to be tested measured by the first instrument₂₀The measured displacement value of the solid phase to be tested is the second instrument.

It will be understood that when pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested, the solid phase to be tested in the containing space may not move along the same horizontal line, or the direction of deformation may not be uniform. Thus, by the formula { [ (L)_1n-L₁₀)+(L_2n-L₂₀)]/2}/[(L₁₀+L₂₀)/2]And x 100% calculating the displacement values measured by the two instruments to obtain the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested.

As an example, the number of the devices for measuring solid phase displacement to be tested provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be two or three, and the purpose of accuracy of the final calculation result is achieved by arranging a plurality of displacement measuring devices, so that the number of the displacement measuring devices is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention. In actual operation, the determination can be performed according to operation requirements, for example, when the required measurement result is relatively accurate, a plurality of displacement measuring instruments can be arranged. When the accuracy requirements on the results are not very high, the number of displacement measuring instruments can be reduced.

And 105, obtaining the bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested according to the pressure values of the multiple pressures.

According to the embodiment of the invention, when the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested is obtained, pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested for many times, and when the pressure is applied, the pressure value applied each time is recorded.

In one possible implementation, step 105 includes: step 1051 and step 1052;

step 1051: acquiring the stressed area of a solid phase to be tested under multiple pressures;

when the solid phase to be tested is pressed, certain effects such as deformation or displacement can be generated, and the effects can be reflected through the pressure intensity. The larger the pressure intensity is, the more obvious the action effect of the pressure is. The pressure intensity is related to the pressed area of the object, so that the pressure intensity is obtained by acquiring the pressed area of the solid phase to be tested.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the area of the containing space for containing the solid phase to be tested may be measured as the pressed area of the solid phase to be tested.

Step 1052: and obtaining the pressure bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested according to the applied pressure and the stress area for multiple times.

The ratio of the pressure applied to the object to the applied area is the pressure, and in the embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the pressure applied to the solid phase to be tested to the area of the containing space for containing the solid phase to be tested is the pressure.

In one possible implementation, step 1052 includes: the pressure bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested is obtained through the following formula:

P_n＝(F_n×g)/S_n；

wherein, P_nThe pressure bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested; f_nThe pressure applied to the solid phase to be tested; s_nThe stressed area of the solid phase to be tested and n is the sample value.

And applying pressure to the solid phase to be tested at a certain moment, and obtaining the pressure bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested under the pressure through the pressure value and the stress area of the solid phase to be tested under the pressure.

And 106, obtaining a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested according to the compression ratio and the pressure bearing pressure.

It will be appreciated that the greater the pressure that the solid phase to be tested can withstand, the greater the strength and hardness. The smaller the deformability, the more the strength, hardness and deformability performance are analyzed by the pressure to which the solid phase to be tested is subjected.

The elastic-plastic property means that the object can be deformed completely when external force is applied, only a part of deformation disappears immediately when the external force is removed, and the rest deformation can never disappear automatically after the external force is removed. A curve is drawn according to the relation between the compression ratio and the bearing pressure, the relation between the compression ratio and the bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested can be observed through the curve, and then the elastoplasticity performance of the solid phase to be tested is preliminarily judged.

Young's modulus is also called elastic modulus, and the stress and strain of a material in an elastic deformation stage are in a proportional relation (namely, according to Hooke's law), and the proportionality coefficient is called elastic modulus. The elastic modulus can be regarded as an index for measuring the difficulty of the material in elastic deformation, and the larger the elastic modulus value is, the larger the stress for the material to generate certain elastic deformation is, that is, the higher the rigidity of the material is, that is, the smaller the elastic deformation is generated under the action of certain stress.

Young's modulus is one of the most important and most characteristic mechanical properties of elastomeric materials. Is an indication of the ease of elastic deformation of the object. Denoted by E. Defined as the ratio of stress to corresponding strain for a small deformation of an ideal material. When a metal wire with the length of L and the sectional area of S is stretched by delta L under the action of a force F, F/S is stress, and the physical meaning is the force applied to the unit sectional area of the metal wire; DeltaL/L is strain, and the physical meaning of DeltaL/L is the elongation corresponding to the unit length of the metal wire. The ratio of stress to young's modulus.

The embodiment of the invention can obtain the stress F/S of the solid phase to be tested, namely the pressure bearing pressure; the strain Δ L/L is the compression ratio obtained in the present example. And obtaining the Young modulus through the pressure bearing pressure and the compression ratio, and further judging the performance of the solid phase to be tested through the Young modulus.

The poisson ratio is the ratio of the absolute value of transverse positive strain and axial positive strain of a material when the material is in unidirectional tension or compression, and is also a transverse deformation coefficient which is an elastic constant reflecting transverse deformation of the material.

The method provided by the embodiment of the invention can obtain the positive strain of the solid phase to be tested in the axial direction, namely the compression ratio. Since the lateral width of the accommodation space does not change, the positive strain in the lateral direction does not change. Thus, the poisson's ratio of the solid phase to be tested can be obtained by the compression ratio.

It should be noted that the performance parameters described above are only an example, and the performance parameters provided by the embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the performance parameters described above.

Step 107, the display unit 5 displays a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested.

The display unit 5 provided by the embodiment of the invention can clearly and accurately display the test information, improve the accuracy of the measurement result and improve the data acquisition efficiency.

And 108, researching the performance of the solid phase to be tested through a plurality of performance parameters.

The elasticity and plasticity, the deformation and other properties of the solid phase to be tested can be obtained through the performance parameters, so that the efficiency of the solid phase to be tested is improved.

As an example, in oil exploitation, by studying the performance of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant, the proportion, concentration and the like of the components in the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant can be adjusted to achieve a better supporting effect and improve the oil and gas exploitation efficiency.

In one possible implementation, the study of the performance of the solid phase to be tested by the performance parameters includes: obtaining a relation curve between the compression ratio and the pressure according to the compression ratio and the pressure;

the performance of the solid phase to be tested is investigated by means of a relationship curve.

The relation curve between the compression ratio and the pressure can be used for preliminarily judging the performance of the solid phase to be tested, and the performance condition related to the solid phase to be tested is obtained in the copper relation curve graph.

In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing apparatus, as shown in fig. 4, the apparatus including: the testing main frame 1, the power unit 2, the power transmission unit 3, the measuring unit 4 and the display unit 5;

the test main frame 1 includes: a bottom plate, a first side plate, a second side plate, a third side plate and a cover plate 6; the bottom plate is arranged opposite to the cover plate 6, the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate are vertically arranged between the bottom plate and the cover plate 6, and the third side plate is connected with the end parts of the same sides of the first side plate and the second side plate;

the power unit 2 is positioned between the first side plate and the second side plate and is opposite to the third side plate;

the power transmission unit 3 includes: a first piston 31 and a second piston 32; the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 are connected with the first side plate and the second side plate in a sliding manner;

accommodating spaces are formed among the first piston 31, the second piston 32, the bottom plate, the first side plate, the second side plate and the cover plate 6, and the accommodating spaces are used for placing a solid phase to be tested;

the first piston 31 is connected to the power unit 2;

the measuring unit 4 is connected with the first piston 31 or the second piston 32, and the measuring unit 4 is used for acquiring a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested;

the display unit 5 is connected with the measuring unit 4 and is used for displaying the performance parameter information of the solid phase to be tested;

the test main frame 1 and the power transmission unit 3 are made of the following components in percentage by mass:

cesium: 0.91-1.46%, Mn: 0.35 to 0.95%, carbon: 0.30-0.42%, nickel: 0.15 to 0.35%, copper: 0.12 to 0.21%, molybdenum: 0.09-0.23%, sulfur: 0.09-0.19%, aluminium: 0.08-0.12% of iron impurities in balance.

The device provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects:

according to the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the solid phase to be tested is placed in the containing space, the power unit 2 is used for providing power for the device, the first piston 31 connected with the power unit 2 is stressed to move towards the direction of the second piston 32, the solid phase to be tested positioned in the containing space is extruded, and the extrusion effect between the simulated stratum crack surfaces is formed between the first movable piston and the second movable piston, so that the device developed by the invention can directly observe and measure parameters such as the yield point, the yield stress, the pressure intensity, the pressure-bearing time, the change relationship between the yield stress and the yield deformation of the solid phase to be tested; a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested are acquired by the measuring unit 4 connected to the first piston 31 or the second piston 32. The measured performance parameter information is displayed through the display unit 5, so that a tester can conveniently observe performance parameters in real time, and the main testing frame 1 and the power transmission unit 3 provided by the embodiment of the invention are prepared from the components, so that the main testing frame has the advantages of high strength and good pressure resistance, and can be suitable for testing the performance of fracturing fluid self-supporting solid-phase particles with high hardness, high elastoplasticity and high strength. The concentration, the component proportion and the like of the solid phase are continuously adjusted through observed performance parameter data, the elastoplasticity of the solid phase to be tested can be accurately judged through researching multiple performance parameters and real-time images during solid phase compression, then the formula of the fracturing fluid serving as the multilayer self-supporting fracturing solid phase to be tested and the self-supporting fracturing technical parameters are optimally designed, and the success rate of operation and the yield increasing effect can be improved.

The apparatus provided by embodiments of the present invention will be further described below by way of alternative embodiments.

In a possible implementation manner, the cesium mass percentage provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include: 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.23%, 0.34%, 0.46%, etc.

The manganese can comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35%, 0.45%, 0.55%, 0.65%, 0.75%, 0.85%, 0.95%, etc.

The mass percentage of carbon may include: 0.30%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, etc.

The mass percent of nickel may include: 0.15%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.26%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, etc.

The copper may comprise, in mass percent: 0.12%, 0.15%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.21%, etc.

The molybdenum may comprise, in mass percent: 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.15%, 0.17%, 0.22%, 0.23%, etc.

The mass percentage of sulfur may include: 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.15%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, etc.

The aluminum may include, in mass percent: 0.08%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, etc.

In one possible embodiment, the test mainframe 1 and the power transmission unit 3 are prepared by the following method:

the components in percentage by mass are uniformly mixed and are subjected to heat treatment by a vacuum furnace, wherein the quenching temperature is 800-900 ℃, for example 870 ℃, the first high-temperature tempering temperature is 550-600 ℃, for example 565 ℃, and the second tempering temperature is 500-550 ℃, for example 510 ℃, so as to obtain the main test frame 1 provided by the embodiment of the invention.

The testing main frame 1 and the power transmission unit 3 prepared by the method can ensure the safety and the reliability of the device, and have lower manufacturing cost and shorter manufacturing period. The testing main frame 1 and the power transmission unit 3 can bear certain pressure, and do not deform when applying pressure to a solid phase to be tested in the containing space, so that the accuracy of measured data is ensured.

In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 5, 6, and 7, the display unit 5 includes: a first terminal 51, a second terminal 52 and a third terminal 53 electrically connected;

the first terminal 51 is connected with the measuring unit 4 and is used for acquiring performance parameter information of a solid phase to be tested;

the second terminal 52 is configured to convert the parameter information acquired by the first terminal 51 into image information;

the third terminal 53 is used to display image information.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the first terminal 51 is used to obtain the performance parameter information of the solid phase to be tested, for example, the displacement, the magnitude of the compression, the degree of compression deformation or the deformation direction of the solid phase to be tested after being compressed by the pressure.

As an example, when the solid phase to be tested is a fracturing fluid proppant solid phase, the first terminal 51 is used to obtain the compression displacement of the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase, i.e. the displacement generated when the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase is compressed from the initial position to a certain pressure, or the required pressure in the reference displacement, or the deformation degree under the reference pressure, etc.

In one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 5, the first terminal 51 may be a microscope. The information such as tiny displacement and solid-phase particle breakage generated when the fracturing fluid propping agent is stressed can be observed through a microscope.

The second terminal 52 provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be a sensor, and the sensor converts the performance parameter information of the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase acquired by the microscope into image information for the third terminal 53 to display.

The third terminal 53 may be any electronic product capable of performing human-Computer interaction with a user through one or more modes such as a keyboard, a touch pad, a touch screen, a remote controller, voice interaction or handwriting equipment, for example, a PC (Personal Computer), a mobile phone, a smart phone, a ppc (pocket PC), a tablet Computer, a smart car, a smart television, and the like.

The processed fracturing fluid proppant solid phase performance parameter image is displayed through the third terminal 53, and the real-time monitoring and checking are carried out on the image, so that the component proportion, the concentration, the viscosity, the flow conductivity and the like of the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase are adjusted in real time according to the change of the image, the fracturing construction efficiency is improved, and the fracturing construction cost is reduced.

As shown in fig. 8, in the test main frame 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, an open space is formed by the bottom plate, the first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate. Through the sliding connection between the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 and the first side plate and the second side plate, a containing space is formed between the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 and between the first side plate, the second side plate, the bottom plate and the cover plate 6, and during testing, a solid phase to be tested, for example, a fracturing fluid proppant solid phase, is placed in the containing space.

As an example, the device provided by the embodiment of the invention can also be used for testing the performance of the conventional quartz sand, ceramsite and other proppants. During testing, the conventional proppants such as quartz sand, ceramsite and the like are placed in the containing space, pressure is applied, and the device is used for measuring.

The size of the accommodating space formed by the first side plate, the second side plate, the third side plate, the bottom plate, the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

As an example, when the number of the to-be-tested solid phases to be measured is large, the position of the accommodating space may be large, that is, the distance between the first side plate and the second side plate should be wide, and accordingly, the widths of the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 should be adapted to the distance between the first side plate and the second side plate, so as to achieve the purpose of sliding connection with the first side plate and the second side plate.

As an example, when the number of the to-be-tested solid phases to be measured is less, the position of the accommodating space may be smaller, that is, the distance between the first side plate and the second side plate may be narrower, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the measurement efficiency. Correspondingly, the widths of the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 should be matched with the distance between the first side plate and the second side plate, so as to achieve the purpose of sliding connection with the first side plate and the second side plate.

Therefore, the measurement efficiency is improved, the size of the test main frame 1 is adjusted through actual needs, and the cost is saved.

The first side plate, the second side plate, the third side plate, the cover plate 6 and the bottom plate can be designed into an integral molding in advance according to actual needs, and can be detachably connected. The size of the testing main frame 1 can be adjusted according to needs in practical application by adopting a detachable connection mode.

The material of test body frame 1 can be stainless steel material, pig iron material or have certain compressive property's material to make test body frame 1 can bear certain pressure, does not take place deformation when exerting pressure to the solid phase that awaits measuring in the accommodation space, guarantees measured data's accuracy.

In a possible implementation manner, the processing precision of the contact surface of the first piston 31 and the second piston 32, namely, the inner section of the accommodating space provided by the embodiment of the invention is controlled within 0.1mm, and the surface roughness is not more than Ra 0.8.

The sliding connection between the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 and the first side plate and the second side plate can ensure that the first piston 31 can slide along the first side plate and the second side plate when receiving the power action, so as to apply pressure to the solid phase to be tested in the accommodating space.

The cover plate 6 is positioned above the test main frame 1 and is arranged opposite to the bottom plate.

It can be understood that, when not setting up apron 6 in test body frame 1 top, because the solid phase that awaits measuring does not have apron 6 to shelter from in the top of accommodation space, solid phase particle when receiving the extrusion can take place to scurry, leads to the solid phase that awaits measuring to spill over from the accommodation space top, can't maintain the tiling form of the solid phase that awaits measuring in the accommodation space, leads to unable accurate test elastoplasticity.

And when the cover plate 6 is not added, the obtained result is the performance data of a single layer of solid phase particles to be tested. Due to the fact that the crushing stress of the single-layer solid phase particles to be tested and the crushing stress of the multi-layer solid phase particles to be tested show a nonlinear change rule, the crushing stress of the multi-layer solid phase to be tested cannot be obtained through the crushing stress of the single-layer solid phase to be tested. Therefore, by adding the cover plate 6, when pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested, the solid phase to be tested can be superposed in the containing space, so that the pressure magnitude of the multilayer solid phase to be tested and the displacement condition of the multilayer solid phase to be tested are obtained, and a plurality of parameters for judging the performance of the multilayer solid phase to be tested are obtained through the obtained pressure magnitude of the multilayer solid phase to be tested and the displacement of the multilayer solid phase to be tested.

As an example, when the solid phase to be tested is a proppant solid phase, the conductivity of the proppant solid phase at different concentrations is significantly different from the performance results of conventional ceramsite and quartz sand proppants. Therefore, when in site construction, the method has important significance for judging the performance characteristics of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant and judging the construction required key parameters such as the proportion, concentration and the like of the fracturing fluid and the fracturing fluid proppant injected into the well according to the performance characteristics.

Therefore, as shown in fig. 9, in the embodiment of the present invention, the cover plate 6 is arranged to seal the upper end of the testing main frame 1, that is, to seal the accommodating space for accommodating the solid phase to be tested, so as to avoid the overflow of the solid phase particles to be tested when applying pressure to the solid phase to be tested, which results in inaccurate testing results.

And because the cover plate 6 is added, when the solid phase to be tested is pressed, a plurality of solid phase particles to be tested are stacked, so that the performance data of a plurality of layers of solid phase particles to be tested is obtained, and the construction requirement in actual construction is met.

Illustratively, the cover plate 6 has a width greater than the width of the base plate to effect the confinement of the solid phase to be tested within the receiving space.

The cover plate 6 provided by the embodiment of the invention can be positioned at the uppermost end of the testing main frame 1, and the stress condition and the displacement condition of a plurality of layers of solid phases to be tested during stress can be measured through one cover plate 6. The particle size of the monolayer solid phase particles to be tested can be calculated, the distance between one cover plate 6 and the bottom plate is the same as the particle size of the single solid phase particles to be tested, and the result obtained by testing the solid phase particles to be tested at the height is the data of the monolayer solid phase to be tested.

In a possible implementation manner, the first side plate and the second side plate have connecting grooves, and the cover plate 6 is located in the connecting grooves.

By providing the connecting groove, the cover plate 6 is inserted into the connecting groove, so that the cover plate 6 can be prevented from being lifted and falling off due to the excessive force applied by the first piston 31.

As an example, the width of the connecting groove is adapted to the width of the side surface of the cover plate 6 to ensure that the cover plate 6 can smoothly enter the connecting groove. For example, the width of the connecting groove cannot be too large, which may cause the connection of the cover plate 6 within the connecting groove to be unstable, move up and down, and cause inaccuracy of the test result. The width of the coupling groove must not be too small, which would make it difficult to insert or remove the cover plate 6.

The distance between the connecting groove and the bottom plate can be determined according to the requirements in actual operation.

As an example, when it is required to test performance data of a single layer of solid phase to be tested, a particle size of solid phase particles to be tested may be obtained, and a distance between the connecting groove and the bottom plate may be the same as the size of the particle size. At the moment, when pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested, the cover plate 6 only allows extrusion to be generated between the solid phase particles to be tested of a single-layer particle, stacking among the solid phase particles to be tested cannot occur, and the phenomenon of multiple layers is avoided.

As an example, when two layers of the solid phase to be tested need to be tested for performance data, the distance between the connecting groove and the bottom plate can be twice the size of the particle size, and the result of the test can be controlled to be two layers.

As an example, when it is desired to test performance data for multiple layers of solid phase to be tested, the distance between the connecting trough and the bottom plate may be a multiple of the size of the particle size.

By the arrangement, the testing accuracy is improved, and the testing efficiency is also improved.

By way of example, when the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase is tested, performance data of a plurality of layers of the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase can be obtained, reliable data are provided for fracturing construction operation, fracturing efficiency is improved, and labor cost is reduced.

In one possible implementation, the cover plate 6 is a high-strength transparent organic glass plate.

The pressure applied to the solid phase to be tested is generally high, during which the cover plate 6 needs to withstand a certain pressure. Therefore, the cover plate 6 should be a plate having a certain strength and capable of bearing a certain pressure.

Through the plate that the material that sets up apron 6 is transparent material, can make when exerting pressure to the solid phase that awaits measuring, the deformation and the motion condition of the solid phase that awaits measuring of real-time observation to reach and adjust the entering amount etc. of the solid phase that awaits measuring according to the condition of observing.

In a possible embodiment, the first and second side plates have tracks on their inner walls, and the first and

second pistons

31 and 32 are slidably connected with the first and second side plates through the tracks.

Through set up the track on first curb plate and second curb plate inner wall, first piston 31 passes through track and first curb plate, second curb plate sliding connection with second piston 32, can make first piston 31 move in receiving pressure along the track, extrudees the solid phase that awaits measuring in the accommodation space, transmits the power for second piston 32.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the second piston 32 is arranged, so that the accuracy of the result obtained by the measuring unit 4 can be ensured.

As an example, when there is no second piston 32, the solid phase to be tested is pressed by the first piston 31 and moves towards the testing main frame 2 with one end of the pressure sensor 42, and since the solid phase to be tested is a large number of solid particles, it cannot be guaranteed that the force applied to each solid particle can be transmitted to the pressure sensor 42.

Through setting up second piston 32, and can follow the track of first curb plate, second curb plate in move, when the granule atress that awaits measuring moves to the test body frame 2 that has pressure sensor 42 one end, second piston 32 offsets with pressure sensor 42, through continuous exerting pressure to the solid phase that awaits measuring, second piston 32 transmits the power that the solid phase that awaits measuring received in real time for pressure sensor 42, can acquire the atress condition of the solid phase that awaits measuring in real time through pressure sensor 42, and carry out the record. Therefore, the accuracy of the performance test of the solid phase to be tested can be improved.

As an example, a lubricant is disposed in the track, so that friction between the first and

second pistons

31 and 32 and the first and second side plates can be reduced, and the test efficiency can be improved.

It can be understood that the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 move along the track, and therefore, the widths of the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 are adapted to the distance between the first side plate and the second side plate. The width of the cross-section is determined according to the condition of formation fracture. So as to achieve the purpose of being closer to the stratum environment and improve the accuracy of the test result.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the power transmission 2 includes: a manual pressure test pump 21 and a hydraulic chamber 22;

the manual pressure test pump 21 is connected with the hydraulic chamber 22;

the housing of the hydraulic chamber 22 is connected to one end of the test mainframe 1.

The highest working pressure of the manual pressure test pump 21 can reach 800 kilograms per millimeter (unit: kg/mm), namely the manual pressure test pump 21 can provide any value pressure in the range of 0-800kg/mm to carry out a hydraulic pressure test.

By arranging the manual pressure test pump 21, the applied pressure can be adjusted in real time according to the actual situation so as to adjust the total pressure applied to the solid phase to be tested and change the compaction degree of the solid phase to be tested. Thus, the working efficiency is improved.

The crankshaft of the manual pressure test pump 21 is connected with the first piston 31, and the first piston 31 is driven to move in the direction of the solid phase to be tested by rotation of the crankshaft of the manual pressure test pump 21, so that the solid phase to be tested in the accommodating space is extruded.

The housing of the hydraulic chamber 31 is connected to the first side plate and the second side plate, and the hydraulic chamber 31 is located between the first side plate and the second side plate. The hydraulic chamber 31 and the first and second side plates may be detachably connected, for example, screwed. Illustratively, the housing of the hydraulic chamber 31 has internal threads thereon, and the first and second side plates have external threads thereon. The hydraulic chamber 31 may also be connected to the first side plate and the second side plate by bolts, as shown in fig. 1, the first side plate and the second side plate have bolt holes, and the first side plate and the second side plate are connected to the hydraulic chamber 31 by bolts.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 11 or 12, the hydraulic chamber 22 is a cylindrical hollow structure, and the pressure-bearing capacity of the hydraulic chamber 22 is less than 100 mpa.

Through setting up hydraulic chamber 22 for cylindrical hollow structure, can be better be connected with first curb plate, second curb plate. By setting the pressure bearing capacity of the hydraulic chamber 22 to be less than 100MPa, on one hand, when the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant is tested, the pressure is kept to be similar to the pressure in the formation environment, and the accuracy of the test result is improved. On the other hand, when the pressure is applied to the solid phase to be tested in the containing space, the hydraulic chamber 22 is not deformed when the pressure is too high, and the precision of the device is not affected.

In a possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 13, the measuring unit 4 comprises: a grating scale 41;

the grating ruler 41 is located on the first side plate and the second side plate, and a gauge head of the grating ruler 41 is connected with the first piston 31 and the second piston 32.

The grating ruler 41 provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a first grating ruler and a second grating ruler respectively disposed on the first side plate and the second side plate, and the heads of the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler are respectively connected to the first piston 31 and the second piston 32. The gauge heads of the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler are respectively perpendicular to the side cross sections of the first piston 31 and the second piston 32, so that when the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 move, the gauge heads of the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler move synchronously with the first piston 31 and the second piston 32, and the accuracy of the measurement result is achieved.

A grating scale, also called a grating scale displacement sensor (grating scale sensor), is a measurement feedback device that operates using the optical principle of a grating. The grating ruler can be used for detecting linear displacement or angular displacement. The grating ruler has the advantages of large detection range, high detection precision and high response speed.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the grating rulers are arranged on the first side plate and the second side plate, when the data measured by the first grating ruler has errors, the obtained data can be corrected by the second grating ruler, and the accuracy of the measurement result is improved.

The grating ruler 41 provided by the embodiment of the invention is connected with the display unit 5, when the grating ruler 41 moves along with the first piston 31 and the second piston 32, the displacement data of the grating ruler 41 can be transmitted to the display unit 5 in real time, and the fine displacement change of the grating ruler 41 driven by the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 is obtained through the microscope. And converting the displacement information into image information through a sensor for displaying. The displacement detection and adjustment of the solid phase to be tested under pressure can be conveniently carried out by an operator.

When the ruler body and the gauge head of the grating ruler 41 are installed, the installation hole positions need to be corrected for many times through a dial indicator, and it is ensured that two gauge heads installed on the piston 31 are perpendicular to the cross section in the sample groove of the movable piston 31 along the movement direction of the ruler body.

As an example, when the solid phase to be tested is a fracturing fluid proppant solid phase, the displacement change of the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase under pressure is observed through the third terminal 53, and the purpose of diversion cannot be achieved. In this case, the composition ratio, concentration, etc. of the fracturing fluid proppant can be adjusted so that the performance of the solid phase of the fracturing fluid proppant can meet the construction requirements.

In a possible embodiment, the measuring unit 4 further comprises: a pressure sensor 42;

the pressure sensor 42 is located at the other end of the testing main frame 1, and the pressure sensor 42 is used for abutting against the second piston 32 when the second piston 32 moves to the other end of the testing main frame 1.

The pressure sensor 42 provided by the embodiment of the invention is positioned at the other end of the testing main frame 1, namely, when the second piston 32 moves from one end of the testing main frame 1 close to the hydraulic chamber 22 to the other end of the testing main frame 1, the second piston abuts against the pressure sensor 42, the total pressure applied to the solid phase to be tested is transmitted to the pressure sensor 42, and the pressure applied to the solid phase to be tested is obtained through the reading of the pressure sensor 42.

The pressure sensor 42 is positioned in the middle of the end part of the testing main frame 1, so that the received pressure is uniform, and the accuracy of the measuring result is ensured.

The pressure sensor 42 selected in the embodiment of the present invention measures 1Kg (unit: Kg) to 2000Kg with an accuracy of 1 Kg. The pressure sensor 42 with the measurement range and the precision value can ensure that the micro pressure on the solid phase to be tested can be sensed and measured, and the accuracy of the measurement result is improved.

The pressure sensor 42 is connected with the display unit 5, transmits pressure information continuously applied to the solid phase to be tested to the microscope, and obtains the compression size and the deformation condition of the solid phase to be tested in real time through the microscope.

As an example, when the solid phase to be tested is a fracturing fluid proppant solid phase, the fracture rate of the solid phase particles after the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase is pressed is observed to be high through the third terminal 53, and the fracture rate of the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase can reach the requirement of fracturing construction by changing the composition, content or concentration of the fracturing fluid proppant solid phase.

In a possible implementation manner, the device provided in the embodiment of the present invention can determine parameters such as strength, hardness, deformation degree, elastoplasticity, young's modulus, poisson's ratio, and the like of the solid phase to be tested by obtaining the pressure number of the solid phase to be tested and the displacement of the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 moving in the testing main frame 1, and analyze the performance of the solid phase to be tested according to the parameters.

As an example, in operation, the solid phase to be tested is placed in the receiving space and the cover plate 6 is closed. The manual pressure test pump 5 is pressed manually, at this time, the pressure of the manual pressure test pump 5 is transmitted to the hydraulic chamber 22, the hydraulic chamber 22 transmits the pressure to the second piston 32 through the first piston 31, the first piston 31 moves in the direction of the second piston 32 after being stressed (drives the heads of the first and second grating scales to move, and displays displacement data of the first and

second pistons

31 and 32 on the displays of the first and second grating scales in real time, respectively) when the pressure sensor 42 starts to generate reading rise, the readings L1 and L2 on the first and second grating scales are read respectively, the pressure is transmitted to the solid phase to be tested, then the solid phase to be tested transmits the same pressure to the second piston 32, the second piston 32 is pressed and abuts against the pressure sensor 42, the pressure is transmitted to the pressure sensor 42, at this time, the pressure sensor 42 displays the stress F of the solid phase to be tested in real time, the solid phase to be tested is actually subjected to a pressure P of F/S (S is the lateral area of the first piston 31 or the second piston 32).

Respectively reading the readings L on the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler at the first moment_1nAnd L_2n；

The compression set ratio of the solid phase to be tested at the first moment is: [ (L)_1n-L₁)/2+(L_2n-L₂)/2]×100％；

The solid-phase bearing load to be tested is F multiplied by g/S (g is gravity acceleration).

It can be understood that the greater the pressure that the solid phase to be tested can bear, the greater the strength and hardness, and the smaller the deformability, and the performance of the strength, hardness and deformability is analyzed by the pressure that the solid phase to be tested can bear.

The elastic-plastic property means that the object can be deformed completely when external force is applied, only a part of deformation disappears immediately when the external force is removed, and the rest deformation can never disappear automatically after the external force is removed.

Young's modulus is one of the most important and most characteristic mechanical properties of elastomeric materials. Is an indication of the ease of elastic deformation of the object. Denoted by E. Defined as the ratio of stress to corresponding strain for a small deformation of an ideal material. E is expressed as the force received per unit area in N/m²。

The pressure F of the solid phase to be tested in the containing space can be obtained through the embodiment of the invention, and the Young modulus parameter of the solid phase to be tested can be obtained according to the area S of the containing space and the side area of the second piston 32 behind the first piston 31. And further judging the performance of the solid phase to be tested through the Young modulus parameter.

The poisson ratio is the ratio of the absolute value of transverse positive strain and axial positive strain when a material is unidirectionally pulled or pressed, and is also called a transverse deformation coefficient, and is an elastic constant reflecting transverse deformation of the material.

According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the displacement S of the solid phase to be tested moving in the containing space can be obtained through the grating ruler 41, the pressure F of the solid phase to be tested in the containing space is obtained through the pressure sensor 42, and the Poisson' S ratio of the solid phase to be tested is further obtained.

Compared with the related technology, the invention provides the parameters of the solid phase to be tested, such as strength, hardness, deformation degree, elastoplasticity, Young modulus, Poisson ratio and the like, and the performance of the solid phase to be tested is analyzed through the parameters, so that the accuracy of the analysis result is improved.

In a possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, the apparatus further comprises: a connecting cylinder 7;

the connecting cylinder 7 has one end connected to the power unit and the other end connected to the first piston 32.

The pressure of the manual pressure test pump 21 is transmitted to the first piston 31 through the connecting cylinder 7, and the first piston 13 is pushed to move forward.

The width of the connecting cylinder 7 is matched with the width between the first side plate and the second side plate, and the movement of the first piston 31 and the second piston 32 can not be influenced.

As shown in fig. 11, the connection surface of the first piston 31 and the connection cylinder 7 has bolt holes, and the connection cylinder 7 and the first piston 31 are connected by bolts, and the number of the bolt holes may be 2, 4, 6, or the like. The number of bolt holes is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.

In one possible embodiment, the apparatus further comprises: a connecting member; the first side plate and the second side plate are provided with connecting holes, and the connecting piece is connected with the first side plate, the second side plate and the grating ruler 41 through the connecting holes.

Through set up the connecting hole on first curb plate, second curb plate, grating chi 41 passes through the connecting piece with test body frame 1 and is connected, guarantees grating chi 41's stable installation.

In one possible embodiment, the connection holes are bolt holes and the connection members are bolts.

As an example, the bolt holes may be 2, 4, 6, etc. Illustratively, the grating ruler 41 and the test mainframe 1 can be connected by bolts. The number of bolts may be 2, 4, 6, etc.

As an example, this example uses the apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention to perform a compression and deformation test experiment on a multi-layered self-supporting solid-phase particle, and the compression and deformation test results of the multi-layered self-supporting solid-phase particle are shown in table 1, fig. 16 and fig. 17:

TABLE 1 Experimental data of multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device

The test result analysis shows that the self-supporting solid phase of the fracturing fluid has elastic deformation resistance and plastic deformation resistance which are obviously higher than those of quartz sand and ceramsite, provides compression resistance of more than 50MPa, and has obvious elastic plasticity. Under the pressure bearing load, the self-supporting solid phase of the fracturing fluid shows certain elastic deformation, and the self-supporting solid phase can gradually generate plastic deformation after exceeding the pressure bearing load, and then can be crushed.

More importantly, after the single-particle self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device is developed, the type of the self-supporting fracturing fluid formula, the proportion of each component and related process parameters can be optimized by judging various mechanical properties of the self-supporting solid phase formed under different formulas and process parameters, and an important research method is provided for the design of the liquid formula and the process parameters.

The microscopic visual self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device can be used for measuring parameters such as yield point, yield stress, pressure intensity, bearing time, change relation between yield stress and yield deformation of a single particle and the like.

Fig. 16 is a statistical chart of experimental data of a multilayer self-supporting solid-phase elastoplasticity testing device, and fig. 17 is a visual schematic diagram of multilayer solid phases with different meshes and different properties obtained by a visual multilayer solid-phase performance testing device provided by an embodiment of the invention during an experiment.

Wherein, fig. 17(a) is a 40-mesh elastic-plastic testing device ceramsite, fig. 17(b) is a 20-mesh quartz sand, fig. 17(c) is a 120-mesh self-supporting solid phase, and fig. 17(d) is a 240-mesh self-supporting solid phase. It can be seen that the self-supporting solid phase (fig. 17(d)) and the silica sand (fig. 17(b)) and the ceramsite (fig. 17 (a)) under the same compressive strength of 50MPa, which are laid in multiple layers, show distinct compression phenomena, and the self-supporting solid phase (fig. 17(d)) has a porosity higher than that of the silica sand and the ceramsite due to the self-sphericity of the self-supporting solid phase itself. And the self-supporting solid phase has a large elastic deformation range when being pressed, so that the proportion of crushed particles is low, and compared with the crushed residue of ceramsite and quartz sand, the crushed residue is less.

Therefore, under high pressure-bearing strength, the effect of blocking the pore channels after the broken particles are moved is lower, and the flow conductivity of finally formed cracks is higher. The device provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for researching the elastoplasticity of the self-supporting solid phase of the fracturing fluid, and is helpful for improving the yield increasing effect of the self-supporting fracturing technology.

All the above optional technical solutions may be combined arbitrarily to form the optional embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not described herein again.

The above description is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid phase elastoplasticity testing device is characterized by comprising: the testing main frame (1), the power unit (2), the power transmission unit (3), the measuring unit (4) and the display unit (5);

the test main frame (1) comprises: the bottom plate, the first side plate, the second side plate, the third side plate and the cover plate (6); the bottom plate and the cover plate (6) are arranged oppositely, the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate are vertically arranged between the bottom plate and the cover plate (6), and the third side plate is connected with the end parts of the first side plate and the second side plate on the same side;

the power unit (2) is positioned between the first side plate and the second side plate and is opposite to the third side plate;

the power transmission unit (3) includes: a first piston (31) and a second piston (32); the first piston (31) and the second piston (32) are in sliding connection with the first side plate and the second side plate;

a containing space is formed among the first piston (31), the second piston (32), the bottom plate, the first side plate, the second side plate and the cover plate (6), and the containing space is used for placing a solid phase to be tested;

the first piston (31) is connected with the power unit (2);

the measuring unit (4) is connected with the first piston (31) or the second piston (32), and the measuring unit (4) is used for acquiring a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested;

the display unit (5) is connected with the measuring unit (4) and is used for displaying the performance parameter information of the solid phase to be tested;

the test main frame (1) and the power transmission unit (3) are made of the following components in percentage by mass:

2. A microscopic visual multilayer self-supporting solid phase elastoplastic testing method, wherein the method is used for the device of claim 1, the method comprising:

a solid phase to be tested is obtained and is placed in a containing space formed by a first piston (31), a second piston (32) and a testing main frame (1);

exerting multiple pressure on the first piston (31) through a power unit (2), and enabling the first piston (31) to displace for multiple times with the solid phase to be tested and the second piston (32) under the action of the multiple pressure;

acquiring multiple displacement values of the first piston (31) and the second piston (32) corresponding to the multiple pressures and pressure values of the multiple pressures through a measuring unit (4);

displaying a plurality of performance parameters of the solid phase to be tested through a display unit (5);

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said obtaining a solid phase to be tested comprises:

4. The method of claim 2, wherein said obtaining a solid phase to be tested comprises:

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the applying a plurality of pressures to the first piston (31) by the power unit (2) and obtaining a plurality of displacement values of the first piston (31) and the second piston (32) corresponding to the plurality of pressures by the measuring unit (4) comprise:

-acquiring a first displacement value upon application of a first pressure to the first piston (31);

a second displacement value is obtained when a second pressure is applied to the first piston (31).

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said deriving a compression ratio of said solid phase to be tested from said plurality of displacement values comprises:

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested is obtained by the following formula:

{(L_1n-L₁₀)/L₁₀}×100％；

8. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the compression ratio of the solid phase to be tested is obtained by the following formula:

{[(L_1n-L₁₀)+(L_2n-L₂₀)]/2}/[(L₁₀+L₂₀)/2]×100％

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining the bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested according to the pressure values of the plurality of pressures comprises:

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested is obtained by the following formula:

P_n＝(F_n×g)/S_n；

wherein, P_nThe pressure bearing pressure of the solid phase to be tested; f_nThe plurality of pressures applied to the solid phase to be tested; s_nAnd n is a sample value, wherein n is the stressed area of the solid phase to be tested.