CN112146622A - Method for monitoring geological settlement along power transmission line - Google Patents
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- CN112146622A CN112146622A CN202011145998.6A CN202011145998A CN112146622A CN 112146622 A CN112146622 A CN 112146622A CN 202011145998 A CN202011145998 A CN 202011145998A CN 112146622 A CN112146622 A CN 112146622A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring geological settlement along a power transmission line, which comprises the steps of obtaining satellite image information along the power transmission line to be monitored; selecting a main SAR image and an auxiliary SAR image and registering the images of the satellite image information; performing InSAR interferometric phase image processing, orbit refining and re-flattening processing, deformation conversion processing and geocoding; and obtaining a final geological settlement monitoring result along the power transmission line. The method for monitoring the geological settlement along the power transmission line, provided by the invention, adopts the InSAR technology to monitor the geological settlement along the power transmission line, improves the accuracy of deformation quantity calculation of the deformation area, has the advantages of high monitoring efficiency, convenience in implementation, high accuracy, stability and reliability, and is suitable for monitoring the surface deformation of a large-area deformation area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of remote sensing images, and particularly relates to a method for monitoring geological settlement along a power transmission line.
Background
With the development of economic technology and the improvement of living standard of people, electric energy becomes essential secondary energy in production and life of people, and brings endless convenience to production and life of people. Therefore, stable and reliable operation of the power system becomes one of the most important tasks of the power system.
The transmission line is an important component part of electric energy transmission in the power system, so that the stable and reliable operation of the transmission line is significant for the safe and stable operation of the power system. The stable and reliable operation of the power transmission line is seriously threatened by geological settlement: the high-voltage tower pole, especially the extra-high voltage tower pole, can incline due to geological settlement, and potential safety hazards are brought to the power transmission line. Therefore, the method is particularly important for monitoring the geological settlement along the power transmission line.
At present, the traditional geological settlement monitoring technology comprises leveling, total station, GPS measurement and the like. However, the existing address settlement monitoring technology has the defects of high labor intensity, high monitoring cost, low spatial resolution and the like, and cannot meet the requirement of the existing power transmission circuit geological settlement monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the method for monitoring the geological settlement along the power transmission line, which has high accuracy, high monitoring efficiency, stability and reliability.
The invention provides a method for monitoring geological settlement along a power transmission line, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring satellite image information along a power transmission line to be monitored;
s2, selecting main and auxiliary SAR images and registering the images of the satellite image information obtained in the step S1;
s3, performing InSAR interference phase image processing;
s4, performing track refining and re-leveling treatment;
s5, carrying out deformation conversion treatment;
s6, carrying out geocoding;
and S7, obtaining a final geological settlement monitoring result along the power transmission line.
In step S1, the obtaining of the satellite image information along the power transmission line to be monitored is specifically to obtain multiple SAR images of the same area along the power transmission line to be monitored by using a satellite.
Selecting a main SAR image and an auxiliary SAR image and carrying out image registration on the satellite image information obtained in the step S1 in the step S2, specifically, selecting the main SAR image and the auxiliary SAR image, and carrying out registration and resampling on all the auxiliary SAR images to the main SAR image; secondly, performing initial registration by using a precise orbit of a sentinel satellite by using the characteristic that a geometric registration error is a system error, and performing precise registration by using an enhanced spectrum diversity algorithm (ESD) to eliminate a phase jump phenomenon between segments; finally, azimuth spectrum deskew is carried out, the registration precision required by interference is achieved, and a correct interference image is obtained.
Performing InSAR interferometric phase image processing in step S3, specifically including phase error effect removal, interferogram filtering, coherence calculation and phase unwrapping;
performing interference pattern filtering by adopting a Goldstein method;
phase unwrapping is carried out by adopting a Delaunay triangulation network minimum cost flow method;
an atmospheric phase model is established by adopting the following formula: phi is aatm＝φde+a0+a1·h+a2·h2(ii) a In the formulaatmIs the atmospheric phase; phi is adeIs the true deformation phase; h is an elevation value; a is0～a2System parameters of the atmospheric vertical stratification part; then according to DEM data of the area along the power transmission line, simulating the atmospheric disturbance phase error of the area, and removing the obtained atmospheric disturbance phase error of the area from the interference phase, thereby reducing the interference brought by the atmosphere;
the deformation of the two SAR images during observation is expressed by the following formula:
in the formuladefPhase errors caused by the deformation phase of the earth surface; phi is aifIs InSAR interference phase; phi is aflatPhase error due to the flat ground effect phase; phi is atopPhase error induced for terrain phase; λ is the radar wavelength;
is P1Parallel baselines of points;
is P1A vertical baseline of points; rho is antenna A1And point P1And a ground point P2The approximate slope distance of; theta1Is point A1、P1The included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction; h is an elevation value; a. the1The position of the radar when the image is obtained for the first time; a. the2The position of the radar when the image is obtained for the second time; h is radar at A1Height of the point, θ2Is point A1、P2The included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction; b is the base line distance, the included angle between B and the horizontal line is alpha, and the point P is1To refer to a point on the ellipsoid, point P2Is a ground point.
And S4, performing orbit refining and re-leveling, specifically, selecting a representative unwrapping and differential interference result, inputting landmark elevation data, uniformly selecting typical GCP control points in an area with flat terrain and no phase jump and deformation fringes, estimating orbit refining and phase offset by using a cubic orbit refining polynomial, eliminating a slope phase, and re-leveling all data based on the control points.
The step S5 is to perform a transformation process, specifically based on the satellite parameter information and according to a formula
Converting phase sequences into deformationsAnd (4) sequencing.
The geocoding of the step S6 is to determine cartesian coordinates of each pixel of the transmission line along the line region in the interference phase image, then use the time parameter and the track information of the main image as input data of the geographic position, calculate WGS 84 coordinates of each pixel covered by the transmission line along the line region in the interference phase image, and project the settlement in the image coordinate system to the international standard geographic reference system.
The method for monitoring the geological settlement along the power transmission line, provided by the invention, adopts the InSAR technology to monitor the geological settlement along the power transmission line, improves the accuracy of deformation quantity calculation of the deformation area, has the advantages of high monitoring efficiency, convenience in implementation, high accuracy, stability and reliability, and is suitable for monitoring the surface deformation of a large-area deformation area.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the interferometric measurement based on the satellite InSAR technology of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention: the invention provides a method for monitoring geological settlement along a power transmission line, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring satellite image information along a power transmission line to be monitored; specifically, a satellite is adopted to obtain a plurality of SAR images of the same area along the power transmission line to be monitored;
s2, selecting main and auxiliary SAR images and registering the images of the satellite image information obtained in the step S1; specifically, all auxiliary images are registered and resampled to a main image; the Sentinel-1A satellite adopts a TOPS mode, the registration precision requirement reaches one thousandth of pixel level, namely the true error of the azimuth-direction zero multi-spectrum time registration is less than 2 mu s, the registration is affected by topographic relief, and the polynomial is difficult to accurately fit the mapping of the geometric deviation distortion of the main image and the auxiliary image, so the geometric registration error is used as the system error, the precise orbit of a Sentinel satellite is used for primary registration, and the enhanced spectrum diversity algorithm ESD is used for precise registration to eliminate the phase jump phenomenon between segments; finally, azimuth spectrum deskewing is carried out to achieve the registration precision required by interference and obtain a correct interference pattern;
s3, performing InSAR interference phase image processing; specifically, the method comprises the steps of removing a phase error effect, filtering an interferogram, calculating coherence and unwrapping a phase;
performing interference pattern filtering by adopting a Goldstein method;
phase unwrapping is carried out by adopting a Delaunay triangulation network minimum cost flow method;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out polynomial fitting function on InSAR atmospheric phase of a region along a transmission line by utilizing a vertical layering effect, and establishing an atmospheric phase model as follows: phi is aatm＝φde+a0+a1·h+a2·h2+a3·h3……
Wherein a is0,a1,a2,a3… is the parameter to be determined for the atmospheric vertical stratification part; phi is adeH is an elevation value; respectively extracting unwrapping phase and elevation value h in the area, obtaining a fitting curve by using a Polyfit polynomial fitting function in Matlab, having no obvious turning point in the elevation range, and keeping residual errors in-3 and 3]Between rad; the phase variation trend is obvious, the degree of the square sum of the error of the fitting function is not obvious along with the increase of the times of the polynomial function, in addition, the increase of the times of the polynomial function can also increase the calculation time consumption and has no obvious enhancement effect, therefore, the atmospheric phase model is established by adopting the following formula: phi is aatm＝φde+a0+a1·h+a2·h2(ii) a In the formulaatmIs the atmospheric phase; phi is adeIs the true deformation phase; h is an elevation value; a is0～a2System parameters of the atmospheric vertical stratification part; then according to DEM data of the area along the power transmission line, simulating the atmospheric disturbance phase error of the area, and removing the obtained atmospheric disturbance phase error of the area from the interference phase, thereby reducing the interference brought by the atmosphere; according to DEM data of the area along the power transmission line, the atmospheric disturbance phase error of the area can be simulated. It is prepared byInterference caused by atmosphere can be obviously reduced by removing interference phase;
the InSAR interferometric phase comprises terrain information, surface deformation information and other phase information, and is represented as follows: phi is aif＝φflat+φtop+φdef+φorb+φatm+φnoi(ii) a Wherein phiflatPhase error due to the flat ground effect phase; phi is atopPhase error induced for terrain phase; phi is adefPhase errors caused by the deformation phase of the earth surface; phi is aorbPhase error induced for the track; phi is aatmPhase error due to atmospheric disturbances; phi is anoiPhase error due to noise;
a series of measures are required to eliminate other phases, and only phase errors caused by surface deformation are left, and the specific process and principle are as follows:
as shown in FIG. 2, A1For the first time the image is acquired, where the radar is located, A2For the second time of obtaining the image, the radar is located at the second time, H is the radar is located at A1Height of the point, θ1Is point A1、P1Angle of line to vertical, theta2Is point A1、P2The included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction; b is the base line distance, which forms an angle alpha with the horizontal line, and point P1To refer to a point on the ellipsoid, point P2Is a ground point, h is P2The height of the point; antenna A1And point P1Ground point P2Is approximately rho, antenna A2With the ground point P2The pitch of (a) is ρ + Δ ρ,
the parallel base lines are the parallel base lines,
is a vertical baseline, λ is the radar wavelength;
if the influence of orbit errors, atmospheric disturbance errors and noise is ignored, the earth effect phase and the terrain phase are removed from the interference phase, and then the phase caused by earth surface deformation can be obtained, so that the earth surface deformation is further obtained;
point P1On the reference ellipsoid, the phase only contains the flat ground effect phase, the ground point P2Then the land effect phase and the terrain phase are included:
the deformation during the observation period of the two SAR images is
In the formuladefPhase errors caused by the deformation phase of the earth surface; phi is aifIs InSAR interference phase; phi is aflatPhase error due to the flat ground effect phase; phi is atopPhase error induced for terrain phase; λ is the radar wavelength;
is P1Parallel baselines of points;
is P1A vertical baseline of points; rho is antenna A1And point P1And a ground point P2The approximate slope distance of; theta1Is point A1、P1The included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction; h is an elevation value; a. the1The position of the radar when the image is obtained for the first time; a. the2The position of the radar when the image is obtained for the second time; h is radar at A1Height of the point, θ2Is point A1、P2The included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction; b is the base line distance, the included angle between B and the horizontal line is alpha, and the point P is1To refer to a point on the ellipsoid, point P2Is a ground point;
s4, performing track refining and re-leveling treatment; in case the reference DEM is inaccurate, it is necessary to use Ground Control Points (GCP) as stable reference points, from which the error phase is calculated to remove and correct the SAR data. The same group of GCP data is used for correcting the lifting track interferogram, so that the phase error between two images and the error caused by using different GCPs are reduced; therefore, a representative unwrapping and differential interference result is selected, landmark elevation data are input, typical GCP control points are uniformly selected in an area with flat terrain and no phase jump and deformation fringes, a tertiary orbit refining polynomial is adopted to estimate orbit refining and phase offset, slope phases are eliminated, and all data are re-leveled based on the control points;
s5, carrying out deformation conversion treatment; in particular based on satellite parameter information, according to a formula
Converting the phase sequence into a deformation sequence;
s6, carrying out geocoding; the geocoding is to establish a mapping relation between SAR image coordinates and geodetic coordinates, and geocoding is carried out on monitoring point deformation monitoring results so that the monitoring points can be superposed and analyzed with other basic geographic information; determining the Cartesian coordinates of each pixel of the transmission line area along the interference phase image, using the time parameters and the track information of the main image as input data of the geographic position, calculating the WGS 84 coordinates of each pixel covered by the transmission line area along the interference phase image, and projecting the settlement in the image coordinate system to an international standard geographic reference system;
and S7, obtaining a final geological settlement monitoring result along the power transmission line.
Claims (7)
1. A method for monitoring geological settlement along a power transmission line comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring satellite image information along a power transmission line to be monitored;
s2, selecting main and auxiliary SAR images and registering the images of the satellite image information obtained in the step S1;
s3, performing InSAR interference phase image processing;
s4, performing track refining and re-leveling treatment;
s5, carrying out deformation conversion treatment;
s6, carrying out geocoding;
and S7, obtaining a final geological settlement monitoring result along the power transmission line.
2. The method for monitoring the geological settlement along the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the satellite image information along the power transmission line to be monitored is obtained, specifically, a plurality of SAR images of the same area along the power transmission line to be monitored are obtained by using a satellite.
3. The method for monitoring geological settlement along the power transmission line according to claim 1, characterized in that the step S2 is to select and register the main and auxiliary SAR images of the satellite image information obtained in the step S1, specifically to select the main SAR image and the auxiliary SAR images, and to register and resample all the auxiliary SAR images to the main SAR image; secondly, performing initial registration by using a precise orbit of a sentinel satellite by using the characteristic that a geometric registration error is a system error, and performing precise registration by using an enhanced spectrum diversity algorithm (ESD) to eliminate a phase jump phenomenon between segments; finally, azimuth spectrum deskew is carried out, the registration precision required by interference is achieved, and a correct interference image is obtained.
4. The method for monitoring geological settlement along the power transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that InSAR interference phase image processing is performed in step S3, and specifically comprises phase error effect removal, interferogram filtering, coherence calculation and phase unwrapping;
performing interference pattern filtering by adopting a Goldstein method;
phase unwrapping is carried out by adopting a Delaunay triangulation network minimum cost flow method;
an atmospheric phase model is established by adopting the following formula: phi is aatm＝φde+a0+a1·h+a2·h2(ii) a In the formulaatmIs the atmospheric phase; phi is adeIs the true deformation phase; h is an elevation value; a is0～a2System parameters of the atmospheric vertical stratification part; then according to DEM data of the area along the power transmission line, simulating the atmospheric disturbance phase error of the area, and removing the obtained atmospheric disturbance phase error of the area from the interference phase, thereby reducing the interference brought by the atmosphere;
the deformation of the two SAR images during observation is expressed by the following formula:
in the formuladefPhase errors caused by the deformation phase of the earth surface; phi is aifIs InSAR interference phase; phi is aflatPhase error due to the flat ground effect phase; phi is atopPhase error induced for terrain phase; λ is the radar wavelength;
is P1Parallel baselines of points;
is P1A vertical baseline of points; rho is antenna A1And point P1And a ground point P2The approximate slope distance of; theta1Is point A1、P1The included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction; h is an elevation value; a. the1The position of the radar when the image is obtained for the first time; a. the2The position of the radar when the image is obtained for the second time; h is radar at A1Height of the point, θ2Is point A1、P2The included angle between the connecting line and the vertical direction; b is the base line distance, the included angle between B and the horizontal line is alpha, and the point P is1To refer to a point on the ellipsoid, point P2Is a ground point.
5. The method for monitoring geological settlement along the power transmission line according to claim 4, wherein the track refining and re-flattening processing in step S4 is performed, specifically, a representative unwrapping and differential interference result is selected, landmark elevation data are input, typical GCP control points are uniformly selected in an area with flat terrain and no phase jump and deformation fringes, a cubic track refining polynomial is adopted to estimate track refining and phase offset, slope phases are eliminated, and all data are re-flattened based on the control points.
6. The method for monitoring geological settlement along the power transmission line according to claim 5, wherein the step S5 is performed with deformation transformation processing, specifically based on satellite parameter information and according to a formula
The phase sequence is converted into a warped sequence.
7. The method for monitoring the geological settlement along the power transmission line according to claim 6, wherein the geocoding in the step S6 is specifically to determine the Cartesian coordinates of each pixel of the area along the power transmission line in the interference phase image, then use the time parameter and the orbit information of the main image as the input data of the geographic position, calculate the WGS 84 coordinates of each pixel covered by the area along the power transmission line in the interference phase image, and project the settlement in the image coordinate system to the international standard geographic reference system.
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