CN112143984B - Stainless steel for heat-shrinkable knife handle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Stainless steel for heat-shrinkable knife handle and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112143984B
CN112143984B CN202011033112.9A CN202011033112A CN112143984B CN 112143984 B CN112143984 B CN 112143984B CN 202011033112 A CN202011033112 A CN 202011033112A CN 112143984 B CN112143984 B CN 112143984B
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steel
stainless steel
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chemical components
heat
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CN112143984A (en
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莫敦
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Jiangyou Changxiang Special Steel Manufacturing Co ltd
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Jiangyou Changxiang Special Steel Manufacturing Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium

Abstract

The invention provides stainless steel for a heat-shrinkable tool handle and a preparation method thereof. The stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.6 percent of carbon; silicon is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; 7% -8% of manganese; phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; sulfur is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; 7% -8% of nickel; 9% -10% of chromium; 1.8% -2% of molybdenum; 1 to 1.5 percent of vanadium; 2.3% -2.5% of copper; 0.9 to 1.35 percent of aluminum; the balance being iron. The stainless steel material for the heat-shrinkable tool handle and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention belong to special stainless steel with a very large thermal expansion coefficient, can realize low-temperature hot charging, also has the performances of high rigidity, high durability, high pressure resistance and the like, and is very suitable for the heat-shrinkable tool handle.

Description

Stainless steel for heat-shrinkable knife handle and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to stainless steel, in particular to stainless steel for a heat-shrinkable tool handle and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-speed processing is one of five modern manufacturing technologies, and is an important component and development direction of the modern manufacturing technology. The high-speed tool system is one of important components required by a high-speed numerical control machine tool, is a connecting component of the machine tool and a cutter, and is a bridge for the cutter to play a cutting role. With the rapid development of science and technology, the requirements on the processing precision and the processing efficiency of the die and the workpiece are higher in both military use and civil use. The high-end lathe is the processing and manufacturing basis of a plurality of equipment and facilities, and the manufacturing technology of the hot charging cutter handle material is widely applied to the fields of scientific research of major military affairs such as high-end weapon equipment, space flight and aviation, and civil fields such as automobiles, household appliances and large molds. The hot charging tool holder has extremely high requirements on materials. The material needs to have extremely high thermal expansion coefficient, can realize low-temperature hot clamping and hot removal, and needs to have high durability without precision degradation even if the same tool shank is subjected to hot loading and unloading for more than 2000 times.
At present, high-end numerical control machines at home and abroad adopt a hot-charging cutter handle, the installation difficulty and the workpiece processing precision of the high-end numerical control machines are obviously improved compared with a spring cutter handle and a hydraulic cutter handle, but the hot-charging cutter handle is mainly imported from Germany and Japan, the technology of the domestic hot-charging cutter handle is slowly advanced due to the lack of suitable materials at home, and a lathe cutter and the cutter handle are widely used as a necessary product as a part of a plurality of large military scientific engineering experimental devices. For example, the present invention is applied to machining in the fields of manufacturing of domestic large airplanes, manufacturing of high-end weaponry, aerospace industry, ships, and the like in the defense industry. Whether the device is an experimental device, various weaponry or various large-scale mechanical equipment, the relevant machine tool is adopted for processing, and the turning tool handle is very important as a necessary part.
For the spring chuck type knife handle, the cost is lower, but the clamping precision is also lower. And are therefore generally used in applications where the accuracy requirements are not too high, such as rough machining or semi-finishing. The high precision collet chuck can also be used in finishing applications. However, in the processing field with higher and higher precision requirements, the dimensional precision, the clamping precision, the repeated installation precision of the tool system, the rigidity and the shock absorption of the system and the like are very difficult to control, the installation is complex, the operation difficulty is very high, and an installer is required to have rich installation and use experiences; and when the mold has a deep cavity structure and the overhanging amount of the spring chuck type tool holder on the tool is required to be larger, the rigidity of the tool system is lower, and the surface quality of the mold during processing can be influenced.
The quality of the tool shank can directly influence the machining precision and speed of a workpiece, the main function of the tool shank in a high-speed cutting tool system is to connect and fix a tool on a main shaft, and when the high-speed cutting tool system operates, the main shaft can also generate huge centrifugal force due to high-speed rotation. Under the effect of this kind of centrifugal force, the not inflation of equidimension can take place for handle of a knife and main shaft, and this will make to have the gap between handle of a knife and the main shaft, and axial displacement's phenomenon will appear in the handle of a knife this moment to influence cutting process's precision and security.
With the requirement of further development of new civil technologies, the economic level of China is continuously improved, the fields of automobiles, household appliances and the like are gradually developed, the requirement on the level of a mold is gradually improved, and the development of a novel hot-charging cutter handle material for improving the machining precision and the machining efficiency is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide stainless steel for a heat-shrinkable tool handle and a preparation method thereof, and various technical effects generated by the preferable technical scheme in the technical schemes provided by the invention are described in detail below.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides stainless steel for a heat-shrinkable tool handle, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.6 percent of carbon; silicon is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; 7% -8% of manganese; phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; sulfur is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; 7% -8% of nickel; 9% -10% of chromium; 1.8% -2% of molybdenum; 1 to 1.5 percent of vanadium; 2.3% -2.5% of copper; 0.9 to 1.35 percent of aluminum; the balance being iron.
Further, the chemical components comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.52 to 0.58 percent of carbon; 0.4% -0.5% of silicon; 7.2 to 7.8 percent of manganese; 0.013% -0.016% of phosphorus; 0.003 to 0.005 percent of sulfur; 7.4% -7.8% of nickel; 9.2 to 9.8 percent of chromium; 1.85% -1.95% of molybdenum; 1.2 to 1.4 percent of vanadium; 2.35 to 2.45 percent of copper; 1.1 to 1.3 percent of aluminum; the balance being iron.
Further, the chemical components comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.55% of carbon; 0.4% of silicon; 7.6 percent of manganese; 0.015% of phosphorus; 0.004% of sulfur; 7.7 percent of nickel; 9.5 percent of chromium; 1.9 percent of molybdenum; 1.3 percent of vanadium; 2.4% of copper; 1.2 percent of aluminum; the balance being iron.
The invention provides a preparation method of stainless steel for a heat-shrinkable knife handle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the chemical components to obtain raw materials;
(2) induction vacuum degassing furnace smelting
B1, adding the raw materials prepared in the step (1) into an induction vacuum degassing furnace for melting, and meanwhile, slagging to avoid the exposure of molten steel;
b2, adding a diffusion deoxidizer while melting the raw materials;
b3, when the temperature in the smelting furnace rises to 1500-1600 ℃, after the raw materials are completely smelted into molten steel, sampling and fully analyzing, and preparing chemical components in the molten steel according to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool shank;
b4, slagging off after the result of the sampling total analysis reaches the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool shank;
b5, feeding an aluminum wire and a J-Ca wire for pre-deoxidation after slagging-off is finished;
b6, after the feeding of the aluminum wire and the J-Ca wire is finished, closing the smelting furnace for vacuumizing, and carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel for more than 15min at the vacuum degree of less than or equal to 200Pa and the temperature of 1550-;
b7, performing vacuum breaking treatment after the molten steel vacuum treatment is finished, and sampling and fully analyzing after the vacuum breaking treatment; verifying the accuracy of the adjustment of the chemical components in the step B3, and if the chemical components in the molten steel are not consistent with the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder, adjusting the chemical components again to be consistent with the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder;
b8, heating the molten steel to 1600-;
b9, tapping after final deoxidation, controlling the tapping temperature at 1600-;
(3) electroslag remelting to obtain a steel ingot;
c1, preparing slag: the slag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 110 portions and 120 portions of binary premelting slag; 4-6 parts of magnesium oxide; 0.2-0.4 part of aluminum powder;
c2, heating the slag to a molten state, pouring the slag into a crystallizer, slowly inserting the remelting electrode rod obtained in the step (2) into the slag in the molten state, introducing argon gas before arc striking, controlling the current to be 6000-10000A and the voltage to be 37-41V during the arc striking, and controlling the time to be 5-60 min; electrifying to strike arc for remelting, controlling the current to 10000-10500A, the voltage to 38-41V and the time to 10-150min during remelting; filling after remelting, wherein the control current is 8000-10000A, the voltage is 36-37V and the time is 20-30min during filling;
c3, after the electroslag remelting filling, slowly cooling the steel ingot and then demoulding to obtain an electroslag remelting ingot;
(4) forged steel billet
D1, flatting two ends of the electroslag remelting ingot obtained in the step (4), and cutting a bottom pad and a shrinkage cavity; heating at 850 deg.C for 1.5 hr or more, and heating at 1180 deg.C; upsetting and forging the electroslag remelting ingot, and slowly cooling the electroslag remelting ingot after forging to obtain a steel billet;
(5) annealing of steel billets
Annealing the steel billet subjected to slow cooling in the step (4), wherein flat ends at two ends of the annealing are subjected to rough machining and qualified flaw detection, and then, carrying out heat treatment;
(6) thermal treatment
F1 solution treatment
Heating to 580-620 ℃ at a heating rate of 75-85 ℃/h, and preserving the heat at the temperature for 110-130 min; heating to 990-1010 ℃ at a heating rate of 95-105 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 710-730 min; then cooling the water to below 400 ℃;
f2 aging treatment
Heating to 540-560 ℃ at a heating rate of 75-85 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 890-910 min; then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the stainless steel finished product.
Further, in the step (2) B2, the diffusion deoxidizer is an Al — CaO agent; wherein the weight ratio of CaO to Al is 80: 20.
further, in the step (2) B2, the diffusion deoxidizer is added into the molten steel at a ratio of 6.4-7 kg/t.
Further, in the step (2) B8, the cerium is added into the molten steel at a ratio of 0.8-1.2 kg/t; the J-Ca line is added into the molten steel according to 0.1-0.115 kg/t; the nickel-magnesium alloy is added into the molten steel according to 0.8-1.2 kg/t.
Further, in the step (2) B9, before casting, the tapped molten steel is firstly calmed, and the calm time is more than or equal to 5 min; before casting, argon is filled into the steel ingot mold; the pressure of the argon gas is 0.2Mpa, and the time is 2 min.
Further, in the step (3) C2, before inserting the remelting electrode rod into the slag in the molten state, after cutting a cap opening of the remelting electrode, baking the remelting electrode rod at a temperature of more than 500 ℃ for 2 hours; argon is filled before the arc striking, the crystallizer is filled with argon for 5min, and the opening degree of the proportional valve is 30%; when the electroslag remelting is used for obtaining a steel ingot, arc striking is carried out through stainless steel turning scraps, and a bottom pad sawn by the steel is baked for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 500 ℃.
Further, in the step (3) C3, the slow cooling of the steel ingot is: naturally cooling for 150min, then cooling for more than or equal to 24h in a cover cooling mode, and finally air cooling to the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃.
Based on the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention can at least produce the following technical effects:
the stainless steel material for the heat-shrinkable tool handle and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention belong to special stainless steel with a very large thermal expansion coefficient, the special stainless steel can realize low-temperature hot charging, has the performances of high rigidity, high durability, high pressure resistance and the like, is very suitable for the heat-shrinkable tool handle, and can ensure the processing accuracy and safety of a high-end numerical control machine when being applied to the high-end numerical control machine.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Firstly, raw material description:
pure iron: pure iron produced by Changxiang special steel manufacturing company Limited in Jiangxiang oil city is adopted;
FeV 80: FeV80 produced by Panzhi vanadium company is adopted, which contains V80%;
a Cu plate: waste copper is adopted;
FeCr: FeCr55C25 produced by Guanghangshi power metallurgy burden company contains Cr 56%;
ni plate: the adopted Ni plate, 2# Ni, produced by Jinchuan group Limited company;
JMo: waste molybdenum is adopted;
al ingot: the Al ingot is pure aluminum produced by northwest aluminum processing branch company of aluminum industry limited company in China.
II, preparation example:
stainless steel for preparing heat-shrinkable knife handle
1. Chemical composition and raw material
In examples 1 to 5, stainless steel for a heat-shrinkable tool holder was prepared, the chemical composition (in mass percent) of which is shown in table 1 below, and the raw material ingredients (in parts by weight) of which are shown in table 2 below:
table 1 chemical composition table of stainless steel for heat-shrinkable tool shanks in examples 1 to 5
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
Carbon (%) 0.55 0.5 0.6 0.52 0.58
Silicon (%) 0.4 0.45 0.4 0.4 0.5
Manganese (%) 7.6 8 7 7.2 7.8
Phosphorus (%) 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.015
Sulfur (%) 0.003 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.003
Nickel (%) 7.7 7 8 7.8 7.4
Chromium (%) 9.5 10 9 9.2 9.8
Molybdenum (%) 1.9 1.8 2 1.85 1.95
Vanadium (%) 1.3 1.5 1 1.4 1.2
Copper (%) 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.35 2.45
Aluminum (%) 1.2 1.35 0.9 1.1 1.3
Iron (%) Balance of Balance of Balance of Balance of Balance of
Table 2 table of raw material composition of stainless steel for heat-shrinkable tool shanks in examples 1 to 5
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
Pure iron 4282 4279 4273 4287 4290
FeV80 115 120 105 118 110
Cu plate 172 170 181 170 175
FeCr 1204 1259 1148 1193 1225
Ni plate 552 507 573 560 531
JMn 538 551 498 529 525
JMo 135 120 140 120 130
Al ingot 100 105 109 95 108
2. Preparation method
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the chemical components to obtain raw materials;
(2) induction vacuum degassing furnace smelting
B1, adding the raw materials prepared in the step (1) into an induction vacuum degassing furnace for melting, wherein the smelting melting rate of the induction vacuum degassing furnace is 40kg/min, and meanwhile, adding lime and fluorite powder for slagging to avoid the exposure of molten steel;
b2, adding a diffusion deoxidizer while melting the raw materials; the diffusion deoxidizer is added after the molten pool can be seen, and 5kg of the deoxidizer is added every 30 min;
the diffusion deoxidizer is an Al-CaO agent; wherein the weight ratio of CaO to Al is 80: 20; the diffusion deoxidizer is added into the molten steel according to 6.6 kg/t;
b3, when the temperature in the smelting furnace rises to 1550 ℃, after the raw materials are fully melted into molten steel, sampling and fully analyzing, and preparing chemical components in the molten steel according to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder in the embodiment 1 in the table 1;
b4, when the result of the sampling total analysis reaches the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder in the embodiment 1 in the table 1, slagging off;
b5, feeding an aluminum wire and a J-Ca wire for pre-deoxidation after slagging-off is finished;
the mass ratio of the fed aluminum wire to the molten steel is 0.9: 1000, parts by weight; the mass ratio of the fed J-Ca line to the molten steel is 0.1-0.115: 1000;
b6, after the feeding of the aluminum wire and the J-Ca wire is finished, closing the smelting furnace to carry out vacuum pumping, and carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel for 20min at the vacuum degree of less than or equal to 200Pa and the temperature of 1565 ℃;
b7, performing vacuum breaking treatment after the molten steel vacuum treatment is finished, and sampling and fully analyzing after the vacuum breaking treatment; verifying the accuracy of the adjustment of the chemical components in B3, and if the chemical components in the molten steel do not conform to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of the embodiment 1 in Table 1, adjusting the chemical components again to conform to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of the embodiment 1 in Table 1;
b8, final deoxidation: heating the molten steel to 1610 ℃, adding cerium into the molten steel, feeding J-Ca lines, adding nickel-magnesium alloy before tapping, and finally deoxidizing to ensure that the oxygen content is less than or equal to 30 ppm;
the cerium is added into the molten steel according to the proportion of 1 kg/t; the J-Ca line is added into the molten steel according to 0.105 kg/t; adding the nickel-magnesium alloy into the molten steel according to the proportion of 1 kg/t;
b9, tapping after final deoxidation, controlling the tapping temperature at 1610 ℃, and casting into an electrode rod by an ingot mold casting method after tapping to obtain a re-melted electrode rod for electroslag re-melting;
before casting, the tapped molten steel is firstly calmed, and the calm time is more than or equal to 5 min; before casting, argon is filled into the steel ingot mold, the pressure of the argon is 0.2Mpa, and the time is 2 min;
(3) electroslag remelting to obtain a steel ingot;
c1, preparing slag: the slag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 115 parts of binary premelting slag; 5 parts of magnesium oxide; 0.3 part of aluminum powder;
c2, heating the slag to a molten state, pouring the slag into a crystallizer, slowly inserting the remelted electrode rod obtained in the step (2) into the slag in the molten state, filling argon gas before arc striking, controlling the current to be 9000A, the voltage to be 41V and the time to be 60min during arc striking; electrifying to strike arc for remelting, controlling the current to be 10200A, the voltage to be 39V and the time to be 150min during remelting; filling after remelting, wherein the control current is 9000A, the voltage is 36V and the time is 30min during filling;
before inserting the remelting electrode rod into slag in a molten state, cutting a cap opening (the molten steel can shrink in a cooling process, and the cap opening refers to a concentrated shrinkage hole area arranged for preventing holes from being generated by shrinkage) of the remelting electrode, and then baking the remelting electrode rod at the temperature of more than 500 ℃ for 2 hours; argon is filled before the arc striking, the crystallizer is filled with argon for 5min, and the opening degree of the proportional valve is 30%; when the electroslag remelting obtains a steel ingot, arc striking is carried out through stainless steel turning scraps, a bottom pad sawed by the steel is used (the bottom pad is a piece with the thickness of 20-40mm after a cap opening is cut on an electrode), and the bottom pad is baked for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 500 ℃;
c3, after the electroslag remelting filling, slowly cooling the steel ingot and then demoulding to obtain an electroslag remelting ingot;
the steel ingot slow cooling comprises the following steps: naturally cooling for 150min, then cover cooling for more than or equal to 24h, and finally air cooling to less than or equal to 50 ℃;
(4) forged steel billet
D1, flatting two ends of the electroslag remelting ingot obtained in the step (4), and cutting a bottom pad and a shrinkage cavity; heating at 850 deg.C for 1.5 hr or more, and heating at 1180 deg.C; upsetting and forging the electroslag remelting ingot, and slowly cooling the electroslag remelting ingot after forging to obtain a steel billet;
(5) annealing of steel billets
Annealing the steel billet subjected to slow cooling in the step (4), wherein flat ends at two ends of the annealing are subjected to rough machining and qualified flaw detection, and then, carrying out heat treatment;
(6) thermal treatment
F1 solution treatment
Heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 120 min; heating to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 710-; then cooling the water to below 400 ℃;
f2 aging treatment
After the solid solution treatment, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h, and preserving the heat for 900min at the temperature; then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the stainless steel finished product.
Example 2:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the chemical components to obtain raw materials;
(2) induction vacuum degassing furnace smelting
B1, adding the raw materials prepared in the step (1) into an induction vacuum degassing furnace for melting, wherein the smelting melting rate of the induction vacuum degassing furnace is 40kg/min, and meanwhile, adding lime and fluorite powder for slagging to avoid the exposure of molten steel;
b2, adding a diffusion deoxidizer while melting the raw materials; the diffusion deoxidizer is added after the molten pool can be seen, and 4kg of the deoxidizer is added every 25 min;
the diffusion deoxidizer is an Al-CaO agent; wherein the weight ratio of CaO to Al is 80: 20; the diffusion deoxidizer is added into the molten steel according to 6.4 kg/t;
b3, when the temperature in the smelting furnace rises to 1500 ℃, after the raw materials are fully melted into molten steel, sampling and fully analyzing, and preparing chemical components in the molten steel according to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder in the embodiment 2 in the table 1;
b4, when the result of the sampling total analysis reaches the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of the embodiment 2 in the table 1, slagging off;
b5, feeding an aluminum wire and a J-Ca wire for pre-deoxidation after slagging-off is finished;
the mass ratio of the fed aluminum wire to the molten steel is 1:1000, parts by weight; the mass ratio of the fed J-Ca line to the molten steel is 0.1: 1000;
b6, after the feeding of the aluminum wire and the J-Ca wire is finished, closing the smelting furnace to carry out vacuum pumping, and carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel for 20min at the vacuum degree of less than or equal to 200Pa and the temperature of 1550 ℃;
b7, performing vacuum breaking treatment after the molten steel vacuum treatment is finished, and sampling and fully analyzing after the vacuum breaking treatment; verifying the accuracy of the adjustment of the chemical components in B3, and if the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of the embodiment 2 in the molten steel in the table 1 are not consistent, adjusting the chemical components again to be consistent with the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of the embodiment 2 in the table 1;
b8, final deoxidation: heating the molten steel to 1600 ℃, adding cerium into the molten steel, feeding J-Ca lines, adding nickel-magnesium alloy before tapping, and finally deoxidizing to ensure that the oxygen content is less than or equal to 30 ppm;
the cerium is added into the molten steel according to 0.8 kg/t; the J-Ca line is added into the molten steel according to 0.1 kg/t; the nickel-magnesium alloy is added into the molten steel according to the proportion of 1.2 kg/t;
b9, tapping after final deoxidation, controlling the tapping temperature at 1600 ℃, and casting into an electrode rod by an ingot mould casting method after tapping to obtain a re-melted electrode rod for electroslag re-melting;
before casting, the tapped molten steel is firstly calmed, and the calm time is more than or equal to 5 min; before casting, argon is filled into the steel ingot mold; introducing argon under 0.2Mpa for 2 min;
(3) electroslag remelting to obtain a steel ingot;
c1, preparing slag: the slag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of binary premelting slag; 6 parts of magnesium oxide; 0.4 part of aluminum powder;
c2, heating the slag to a molten state, pouring the slag into a crystallizer, slowly inserting the remelted electrode rod obtained in the step (2) into the slag in the molten state, filling argon gas before arc striking, controlling the current to be 10000A, the voltage to be 40V and the time to be 5min during arc striking; electrifying and arcing to carry out remelting, wherein the remelting current is controlled to be 10500A, the voltage is 41V, and the remelting time is 150 min; filling after remelting, wherein the current is controlled to be 10000A, the voltage is 37V and the time is 20min during filling;
before inserting the remelting electrode rod into the slag charge in a molten state, cutting a cap opening of the remelting electrode, and baking the remelting electrode rod for 2 hours at the temperature of more than 500 ℃; argon is filled before the arc striking, the crystallizer is filled with argon for 5min, and the opening degree of the proportional valve is 30%; when the electroslag remelting is used for obtaining a steel ingot, arc striking is carried out through stainless steel turning scraps, and a bottom pad sawn by the steel is baked for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 500 ℃;
c3, after the electroslag remelting filling, slowly cooling the steel ingot and then demoulding to obtain an electroslag remelting ingot;
the steel ingot slow cooling comprises the following steps: naturally cooling for 150min, then cover cooling for more than or equal to 24h, and finally air cooling to less than or equal to 50 ℃;
(4) forged steel billet
D1, flatting two ends of the electroslag remelting ingot obtained in the step (4), and cutting a bottom pad and a shrinkage cavity; heating at 850 deg.C for 1.5 hr or more, and heating at 1180 deg.C; upsetting and forging the electroslag remelting ingot, and slowly cooling the electroslag remelting ingot after forging to obtain a steel billet;
(5) annealing of steel billets
Annealing the steel billet subjected to slow cooling in the step (4), wherein flat ends at two ends of the annealing are subjected to rough machining and qualified flaw detection, and then, carrying out heat treatment;
(6) thermal treatment
F1 solution treatment
Heating to 580 deg.C at a heating rate of 75 deg.C/h, and maintaining the temperature at the temperature for 130 min; heating to 990 ℃ at a heating rate of 95 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 740 min; then cooling the water to below 400 ℃;
f2, sensitization treatment
After the solution treatment, the temperature is raised to 560 ℃ at the heating rate of 85 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 850 min; then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the stainless steel finished product.
Example 3:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the chemical components to obtain raw materials;
(2) induction vacuum degassing furnace smelting
B1, adding the raw materials prepared in the step (1) into an induction vacuum degassing furnace for melting, wherein the smelting melting rate of the induction vacuum degassing furnace is 40kg/min, and meanwhile, adding lime and fluorite powder for slagging to avoid the exposure of molten steel;
b2, adding a diffusion deoxidizer while melting the raw materials; the diffusion deoxidizer is added after the molten pool can be seen, and 6kg is added every 35 min;
the diffusion deoxidizer is an Al-CaO agent; wherein the weight ratio of CaO to Al is 80: 20; the diffusion deoxidizer is added into the molten steel according to the proportion of 7 kg/t;
b3, when the temperature in the smelting furnace rises to 1600 ℃, after the raw materials are fully molten into molten steel, sampling and fully analyzing, and preparing chemical components in the molten steel according to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder in the embodiment 3 in the table 1;
b4, when the result of the sampling total analysis reaches the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of the embodiment 3 in the table 1, slagging off;
b5, feeding an aluminum wire and a J-Ca wire for pre-deoxidation after slagging-off is finished;
the mass ratio of the fed aluminum wire to the molten steel is 0.8: 1000, parts by weight; the mass ratio of the fed J-Ca line to the molten steel is 0.115: 1000;
b6, after the aluminum wire and the J-Ca wire are fed, closing the smelting furnace to carry out vacuum pumping, and carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel for 15min at the vacuum degree of less than or equal to 200Pa and the temperature of 1580 ℃;
b7, performing vacuum breaking treatment after the molten steel vacuum treatment is finished, and sampling and fully analyzing after the vacuum breaking treatment; verifying the accuracy of the adjustment of the chemical components in B3, and if the chemical components in the molten steel do not conform to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of the embodiment 3 in Table 1, adjusting the chemical components again to conform to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of the embodiment 3 in Table 1;
b8, final deoxidation: heating the molten steel to 1620 ℃, adding cerium into the molten steel, feeding a J-Ca line, adding a nickel-magnesium alloy before tapping, and finally deoxidizing to ensure that the oxygen content is less than or equal to 30 ppm;
the cerium is added into the molten steel according to the proportion of.2 kg/t; the J-Ca line is added into the molten steel according to 0.115 kg/t; the nickel-magnesium alloy is added into the molten steel according to 0.8 kg/t;
b9, tapping after final deoxidation, controlling the tapping temperature at 1620 ℃, and casting into an electrode rod by an ingot mould casting method after tapping to obtain a re-melted electrode rod for electroslag re-melting;
before casting, the tapped molten steel is firstly calmed, and the calm time is more than or equal to 5 min; before casting, argon is filled into the steel ingot mold; introducing argon under 0.2Mpa for 2 min;
(3) electroslag remelting to obtain a steel ingot;
c1, preparing slag: the slag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of binary premelting slag; 4 parts of magnesium oxide; 0.2 part of aluminum powder;
c2, heating the slag to a molten state, pouring the slag into a crystallizer, slowly inserting the remelted electrode rod obtained in the step (2) into the slag in the molten state, introducing argon gas before arc striking, controlling the current to be 6000A, the voltage to be 37V and the time to be 30min during arc striking; electrifying to strike arc for remelting, controlling the current to be 10000A, the voltage to be 40V and the time to be 10min during remelting; filling after remelting, wherein the control current is 8000A, the voltage is 36V and the time is 30min during filling;
before inserting the remelting electrode rod into the slag charge in a molten state, cutting a cap opening of the remelting electrode, and baking the remelting electrode rod for 2 hours at the temperature of more than 500 ℃; argon is filled before the arc striking, the crystallizer is filled with argon for 5min, and the opening degree of the proportional valve is 30%; when the electroslag remelting is used for obtaining a steel ingot, arc striking is carried out through stainless steel turning scraps, and a bottom pad sawn by the steel is baked for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 500 ℃;
c3, after the electroslag remelting filling, slowly cooling the steel ingot and then demoulding to obtain an electroslag remelting ingot;
the steel ingot slow cooling comprises the following steps: naturally cooling for 150min, then cover cooling for more than or equal to 24h, and finally air cooling to less than or equal to 50 ℃;
(4) forged steel billet
D1, flatting two ends of the electroslag remelting ingot obtained in the step (4), and cutting a bottom pad and a shrinkage cavity; heating at 850 deg.C for 1.5 hr or more, and heating at 1180 deg.C; upsetting and forging the electroslag remelting ingot, and slowly cooling the electroslag remelting ingot after forging to obtain a steel billet;
(5) annealing of steel billets
Annealing the steel billet subjected to slow cooling in the step (4), wherein flat ends at two ends of the annealing are subjected to rough machining and qualified flaw detection, and then, carrying out heat treatment;
(6) thermal treatment
F1 solution treatment
Heating to 620 ℃ at a heating rate of 85 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 110 min; heating to 1010 ℃ at a heating rate of 105 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 700 min; then cooling the water to below 400 ℃;
f2, sensitization treatment
After the solid solution treatment, the temperature is raised to 540 ℃ at the heating rate of 75 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 950 min; then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the stainless steel finished product.
Example 4
In this example, the chemical components in the molten steel were prepared according to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of example 4 in table 1, and the other preparation steps were the same as in example 1.
Example 5:
in this example, the chemical components in the molten steel were prepared according to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder of example 5 in table 1, and the other preparation steps were the same as in example 1.
Third, performance detection
1. The stainless steel materials prepared in examples 1 to 5 were subjected to the property test, and the test results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 Performance test results
Figure GDA0003203352100000141
2. According to the formula and the preparation method of the embodiment 1, smelting is carried out in different vacuum smelting furnaces at different times, and the performance parameters of the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool shank prepared are shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4 Performance test results
Figure GDA0003203352100000142
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a stainless steel for heat shrink formula handle of a knife which characterized in that: the chemical components of the material comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.6 percent of carbon; silicon is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; 7% -8% of manganese; phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; sulfur is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; 7% -8% of nickel; 9% -10% of chromium; 1.8% -2% of molybdenum; 1 to 1.5 percent of vanadium; 2.3% -2.5% of copper; 0.9 to 1.35 percent of aluminum; the balance being iron;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the chemical components to obtain raw materials;
(2) induction vacuum degassing furnace smelting
B1, adding the raw materials prepared in the step (1) into an induction vacuum degassing furnace for melting, and meanwhile, slagging to avoid the exposure of molten steel;
b2, adding a diffusion deoxidizer while melting the raw materials;
b3, when the temperature in the smelting furnace rises to 1500-1600 ℃, after the raw materials are completely smelted into molten steel, sampling and fully analyzing, and preparing chemical components in the molten steel according to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool shank;
b4, slagging off after the result of the sampling total analysis reaches the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool shank;
b5, feeding an aluminum wire and a J-Ca wire for pre-deoxidation after slagging-off is finished;
b6, after the feeding of the aluminum wire and the J-Ca wire is finished, closing the smelting furnace for vacuumizing, and carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel for more than 15min at the vacuum degree of less than or equal to 200Pa and the temperature of 1550-;
b7, performing vacuum breaking treatment after the molten steel vacuum treatment is finished, and sampling and fully analyzing after the vacuum breaking treatment; verifying the accuracy of the adjustment of the chemical components in the step B3, and if the chemical components in the molten steel are not consistent with the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder, adjusting the chemical components again to be consistent with the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder;
b8, heating the molten steel to 1600-;
b9, tapping after final deoxidation, controlling the tapping temperature at 1600-;
(3) electroslag remelting to obtain a steel ingot;
c1, preparing slag: the slag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 110 portions and 120 portions of binary premelting slag; 4-6 parts of magnesium oxide; 0.2-0.4 part of aluminum powder;
c2, heating the slag to a molten state, pouring the slag into a crystallizer, slowly inserting the remelting electrode rod obtained in the step (2) into the slag in the molten state, introducing argon gas before arc striking, controlling the current to be 6000-10000A and the voltage to be 37-41V during the arc striking, and controlling the time to be 5-60 min; electrifying to strike arc for remelting, controlling the current to 10000-10500A, the voltage to 38-41V and the time to 10-150min during remelting; filling after remelting, wherein the control current is 8000-10000A, the voltage is 36-37V and the time is 20-30min during filling;
c3, after the electroslag remelting filling, slowly cooling the steel ingot and then demoulding to obtain an electroslag remelting ingot;
(4) forged steel billet
D1, flatting two ends of the electroslag remelting ingot obtained in the step (4), and cutting a bottom pad and a shrinkage cavity; heating at 850 deg.C for 1.5 hr or more, and heating at 1180 deg.C; upsetting and forging the electroslag remelting ingot, and slowly cooling the electroslag remelting ingot after forging to obtain a steel billet;
(5) annealing of steel billets
Annealing the steel billet subjected to slow cooling in the step (4), wherein flat ends at two ends of the annealing are subjected to rough machining and qualified flaw detection, and then, carrying out heat treatment;
(6) thermal treatment
F1 solution treatment
Heating to 580-620 ℃ at a heating rate of 75-85 ℃/h, and preserving the heat at the temperature for 110-130 min; heating to 990-1010 ℃ at a heating rate of 95-105 ℃/h, and preserving the heat at the temperature for 700-740 min; then cooling the water to below 400 ℃;
f2 aging treatment
Heating to 560 ℃ at a heating rate of 75-85 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature at the temperature for 850-950 min; then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the stainless steel finished product.
2. The stainless steel for the heat shrink type tool holder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical components of the material comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.52 to 0.58 percent of carbon; 0.4% -0.5% of silicon; 7.2 to 7.8 percent of manganese; 0.013% -0.016% of phosphorus; 0.003 to 0.005 percent of sulfur; 7.4% -7.8% of nickel; 9.2 to 9.8 percent of chromium; 1.85% -1.95% of molybdenum; 1.2 to 1.4 percent of vanadium; 2.35 to 2.45 percent of copper; 1.1 to 1.3 percent of aluminum; the balance being iron.
3. The stainless steel for a heat shrink type tool shank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the chemical components of the material comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.55% of carbon; 0.4% of silicon; 7.6 percent of manganese; 0.015% of phosphorus; 0.004% of sulfur; 7.7 percent of nickel; 9.5 percent of chromium; 1.9 percent of molybdenum; 1.3 percent of vanadium; 2.4% of copper; 1.2 percent of aluminum; the balance being iron.
4. The method of producing a stainless steel for a heat shrink type tool shank according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials according to the mass percentage of the chemical components to obtain raw materials;
(2) induction vacuum degassing furnace smelting
B1, adding the raw materials prepared in the step (1) into an induction vacuum degassing furnace for melting, and meanwhile, slagging to avoid the exposure of molten steel;
b2, adding a diffusion deoxidizer while melting the raw materials;
b3, when the temperature in the smelting furnace rises to 1500-1600 ℃, after the raw materials are completely smelted into molten steel, sampling and fully analyzing, and preparing chemical components in the molten steel according to the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder in any one of the claims 1-3;
b4, when the result of the sampling total analysis reaches the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, slagging off;
b5, feeding an aluminum wire and a J-Ca wire for pre-deoxidation after slagging-off is finished;
b6, after the feeding of the aluminum wire and the J-Ca wire is finished, closing the smelting furnace for vacuumizing, and carrying out vacuum treatment on the molten steel for more than 15min at the vacuum degree of less than or equal to 200Pa and the temperature of 1550-;
b7, performing vacuum breaking treatment after the molten steel vacuum treatment is finished, and sampling and fully analyzing after the vacuum breaking treatment; verifying the accuracy of the adjustment of the chemical components in B3, and if the chemical components in the molten steel do not accord with the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, adjusting the chemical components again to accord with the chemical components in the stainless steel for the heat-shrinkable tool holder according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
b8, heating the molten steel to 1600-;
b9, tapping after final deoxidation, controlling the tapping temperature at 1600-;
(3) electroslag remelting to obtain a steel ingot;
c1, preparing slag: the slag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 110 portions and 120 portions of binary premelting slag; 4-6 parts of magnesium oxide; 0.2-0.4 part of aluminum powder;
c2, heating the slag to a molten state, pouring the slag into a crystallizer, slowly inserting the remelting electrode rod obtained in the step (2) into the slag in the molten state, introducing argon gas before arc striking, controlling the current to be 6000-10000A and the voltage to be 37-41V during the arc striking, and controlling the time to be 5-60 min; electrifying to strike arc for remelting, controlling the current to 10000-10500A, the voltage to 38-41V and the time to 10-150min during remelting; filling after remelting, wherein the control current is 8000-10000A, the voltage is 36-37V and the time is 20-30min during filling;
c3, after the electroslag remelting filling, slowly cooling the steel ingot and then demoulding to obtain an electroslag remelting ingot;
(4) forged steel billet
D1, flatting two ends of the electroslag remelting ingot obtained in the step (4), and cutting a bottom pad and a shrinkage cavity; heating at 850 deg.C for 1.5 hr or more, and heating at 1180 deg.C; upsetting and forging the electroslag remelting ingot, and slowly cooling the electroslag remelting ingot after forging to obtain a steel billet;
(5) annealing of steel billets
Annealing the steel billet subjected to slow cooling in the step (4), wherein flat ends at two ends of the annealing are subjected to rough machining and qualified flaw detection, and then, carrying out heat treatment;
(6) thermal treatment
F1 solution treatment
Heating to 580-620 ℃ at a heating rate of 75-85 ℃/h, and preserving the heat at the temperature for 110-130 min; heating to 990-1010 ℃ at a heating rate of 95-105 ℃/h, and preserving the heat at the temperature for 700-740 min; then cooling the water to below 400 ℃;
f2 aging treatment
Heating to 560 ℃ at a heating rate of 75-85 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature at the temperature for 850-950 min; then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain the stainless steel finished product.
5. The method of manufacturing a stainless steel for a heat shrink type tool shank according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (2) B2, the diffusion deoxidizer is an Al-CaO agent; wherein the weight ratio of CaO to Al is 80: 20.
6. the method of manufacturing a stainless steel for a heat shrink type tool shank according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step (2) B2, the diffusion deoxidizer is added into the molten steel according to the proportion of 6.4-7 kg/t.
7. The method of manufacturing a stainless steel for a heat shrink type tool shank according to claim 6, wherein: in the step (2) B8, the cerium is added into the molten steel according to the proportion of 0.8-1.2 kg/t; the J-Ca line is added into the molten steel according to 0.1-0.115 kg/t; the nickel-magnesium alloy is added into the molten steel according to 0.8-1.2 kg/t.
8. The method of manufacturing a stainless steel for a heat shrink type tool shank according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step (2) B9, before casting, the tapped molten steel is firstly calmed, and the calm time is more than or equal to 5 min; before casting, argon is filled into the steel ingot mold; the pressure of the argon gas is 0.2Mpa, and the time is 2 min.
9. The method of manufacturing a stainless steel for a heat shrink type tool shank according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step (3) C2, before the remelting electrode rod is inserted into the slag in the molten state, after a cap opening is cut by the remelting electrode, the remelting electrode rod is baked at the temperature of more than 500 ℃ for 2 hours; argon is filled before the arc striking, the crystallizer is filled with argon for 5min, and the opening degree of the proportional valve is 30%; when the electroslag remelting is used for obtaining a steel ingot, arc striking is carried out through stainless steel turning scraps, and a bottom pad sawn by the steel is baked for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 500 ℃.
10. The method of producing a stainless steel for a heat shrink type tool shank according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein: in the step (3) C3, the slow cooling of the steel ingot is: naturally cooling for 150min, cover cooling for 24 hr or more, and air cooling to 50 deg.C or less.
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