CN112140659A - 一种缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料及其制备方法。该材料为基于网格式布局上下贯穿的缝合方式的缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。以纳米粉体、陶瓷纤维及红外遮光剂为主要原料，通过混合分散和组装压制获得刚性纳米隔热材料；将压制好的刚性纳米隔热材料作为芯层材料，柔性包覆体作为外层面板，以耐高温纤维线为缝合线，依次按照“面板‑芯层‑面板”的顺序以网格式布局缝合方式对材料进行包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。该方法制备的材料具有良好的抗扭曲和隔热性能，未来在隔热、保温等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料的制备新方法，具体涉及一种多层复合的柔性纳米材料制备方法。
背景技术
纳米隔热材料是由纳米粉体和纤维增强体为主体原料，以干法分散，通过模压成型获得的新型隔热材料，其具有轻质、耐高温和导热系数低的特点。但是干法压制的纳米隔热材料没有柔性，难以适应复杂曲率物体的柔性包覆，限制了材料的应用。
现阶段，纳米隔热材料柔性化主要采用柔性增强体来实现，常用的方法包括真空包覆、复合粘结包覆以及缝合包覆等。真空包覆是指以有机密封材料或铝箔等物质为柔性增强体，将待包覆物真空密封，该种方法的主要缺陷就是柔性增强体耐温性不足，很难在600度以上的高温使用。复合粘结包覆是指采用大量无机胶粘结，将材料粘结在柔性增强体上，实现柔性强化，该种方式要求材料厚度较薄，且大量无机粘结剂的引入也会导致材料整体导热系数大大增加。传统的缝合法是指采用两层缝合布将材料包裹在内部，将边缘进行缝合，该种方法简单有效，但是易造成材料的柔性弯折过程，易造成材料内部散乱，进而导致材料局部隔热性能降低甚至失效。因此，急需开发出一种新型的简单高效柔性纳米隔热材料制备方法，克服现有方式方法的不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种柔性纳米隔热材料的制备方法，是一种基于网格式布局上下贯穿的缝合方式的新型三明治结构柔性纳米隔热材料制备新方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)以纳米粉体、陶瓷纤维及红外遮光剂为主要原料，通过混合分散和组装压制获得刚性纳米隔热材料；
2)以三明治结构为设计思路，将压制好的刚性纳米隔热材料作为芯层材料，柔性包覆体作为外层面板，依次按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序进行铺敷，获得三明治结构复合材料；
3)以耐高温纤维线为缝合线，采用缝合工具以网格式布局缝合方式对三明治结构复合材料进行包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
进一步地，步骤1)，纳米粉体包括纳米氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆、纳米碳化硅、纳米碳粉等材料；陶瓷纤维为石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、氧化锆纤维、莫来石纤维以及氧化铝纤维等材料；红外遮光剂为石墨微粉、碳化硅微粉、氧化锆粉、二氧化钛微粉以及钛酸钾晶须等可抗红外辐射的组分。
进一步地，步骤2)中，芯层材料，即刚性纳米隔热材料，其密度为0.1-0.8g/cm3，材料厚度0.5mm到20mm。
进一步地，步骤1)中，混合分散方式为干法分散或湿法分散；组装压制方式为干法压制或湿法压滤。
进一步地，步骤2)中，柔性包覆体包括耐高温纤维布，包括高硅氧纤维布、石英纤维布、氧化铝纤维布、碳化硅纤维布以及碳布等；耐高温纤维布厚度控制为0.3-3mm。
进一步地，步骤2)中，“面板-芯层-面板”的三明治结构中上下两层的面板可为同一物质，亦可以为不同物质；且上下面板的厚度可以相同也可以不同。
进一步地，步骤3)中，耐高温缝合线包括石英纤维缝线、氧化铝纤维缝线、碳化硅纤维缝线、碳纤维缝线。
进一步地，步骤3)，网格式缝合间距控制在10-100mm，缝合的方式为上下贯穿式缝合。
基于同一发明构思，本发明还提供一种采用上述方法制备的缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
本发明取得的有益效果为：
本发明提供了一种柔性纳米隔热材料的制备的新方法，解决了刚性纳米隔热材料难以实现柔性包覆的问题，同时解决了真空包覆不耐高温、粘结包覆隔热性能下降等多个问题。该制备方法过程简单，设计思路新颖，缝合方式有效，避免芯层材料的散乱带来材料性能降低，使得材料的抗扭曲和隔热等性能明显提升，未来在隔热、保温、吸声等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是依据网格式布局进行缝合的示意图。
图2是实施例12中芯层材料电镜图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂，下面介绍本专利具体实施的方式。
本专利具体实施有三步，首先是纳米隔热材料的制备，制过程备包括组分的选择、组分物料的均匀分散，以及混合物料的压制成型。其中刚性纳米隔热材料组分是由纳米隔热粉体、纤维和抗辐射剂组成，优选的纳米粉体包括纳米氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆、纳米碳化硅、纳米碳粉等材料中的一种或几种；优选的纤维为石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、氧化锆纤维、莫来石纤维以及氧化铝纤维等材料中一种或几种；优选的抗辐射剂为石墨微粉、碳化硅微粉、氧化锆粉、二氧化钛微粉以及钛酸钾晶须等物质中的一种或几种；将选择的材料组分进行有效分散，确保材料的均一性，同时依据分散方法选取混合物料的压制方法，本专利优选的混合组分物料分散方法为干法机械融合分散和湿法搅拌分散；优选的压制成型方法包括模压成型和压滤成型。
然后，将制备的刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，柔性包覆体为外层面板，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷，获得待缝合的三明治结构复合材料，该结构将芯层纳米隔热材料包裹在面板内部，可有效防止材料的掉粉、磕碰和流失等；其中，优选的芯层纳米隔热材料的密度为为0.1-0.8g/cm3，材料厚度为0.5mm-20mm；优选的柔性包覆体主要有高硅氧纤维布、石英纤维布、氧化铝纤维布、碳化硅纤维布以及碳布等，优选的柔性包覆体的厚度为0.3-3mm；其中上下面板可为同种材料，也可为不同材料，依据使用条件进行选择。
最后，将上诉材料进行缝合，选取耐高温的纤维线，依据网格式布局，如图1所示，按照一定的缝合间距，采用上下贯穿的缝合方式进行包覆，获得缝合型纳米隔热材料，该种缝合方式有效提高了整体材料的抗扭曲性能和弯折性能，实现刚性材料的柔性化；其中，优选的高温缝合线有石英纤维缝线、氧化铝纤维缝线、碳化硅纤维缝线、碳纤维缝线；网格式布局对于保持材料抗扭曲性能，避免材料松散至关重要，优选的网格式缝合间距为10-100mm范围内。
下文将通过举例的方式对本发明进行进一步的说明，但是本发明的保护范围不限于这些实施例：
实施例1
1)以氧化硅纳米粉体、高硅氧纤维及钛酸钾晶须为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.5g/cm3的0.5mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以0.5mm石英纤维布(纤维毡)为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取石英纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距100mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例2
1)以氧化硅纳米粉体、石英纤维及二氧化钛为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.1g/cm3的20mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以1mm高硅氧纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取石英纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距10mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例3
1)以氧化硅纳米粉体、硅酸铝纤维及二氧化钛为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.1g/cm3的20mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以2mm高硅氧纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取石英纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距10mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例4
1)以氧化铝纳米粉体、氧化铝纤维及碳化硅微粉为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.3g/cm3的10mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以0.5mm氧化铝纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取氧化铝纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距50mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例5
1)以氧化锆纳米粉体、莫来石纤维及氧化锆微粉为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.5g/cm3的0.5mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以3mm碳化硅纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取氧化铝纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距50mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例6
1)以氧化锆纳米粉体、氧化锆纤维及氧化锆微粉为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.5g/cm3的0.5mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以3mm氧化铝纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取碳化硅纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距50mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例7
1)以纳米碳粉、碳纤维及碳化硅微粉为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.8g/cm3的1mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以1.2mm碳纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取碳纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距50mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例8
1)以纳米碳化硅、碳纤维及石墨为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.8g/cm3的1mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以1.2mm碳纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取碳纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距50mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例9
1)以氧化硅纳米粉体、石英纤维及钛酸钾晶须为主要原料，以湿法分散的方式将混合物料搅拌均匀；将湿物料转移至压滤模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后常压干燥得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.8g/cm3的0.5mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以0.3mm石英纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取石英纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距100mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例10
1)以氧化铝纳米粉体、莫来石纤维及碳化硅粉体为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.5g/cm3的5mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以0.3mm石英纤维布和0.3mm的高硅氧纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“石英纤维布面板-芯层-氧化铝面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取石英纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距100mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例11
1)以氧化铝纳米粉体、莫来石纤维及石墨为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.5g/cm3的5mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以0.5mm氧化铝纤维布和0.5mm的石英纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“石英纤维布面板-芯层-氧化铝面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取石英纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距100mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
实施例12
1)以氧化铝纳米粉体、莫来石纤维及碳化硅粉体为主要原料，通过干法机械融合均匀分散；将分散好的物料装入模具，经压机模压成型，拆模后得到刚性纳米隔热材料。
2)将压制的密度0.5g/cm3的5mm刚性隔热材料作为芯层材料，以0.75mm高硅氧纤维布和0.5mm的氧化铝纤维布为柔性增强面板；采用三明治结构的设计思路，依次将材料按照“石英纤维布面板-芯层-氧化铝面板”的顺序铺敷；
3)选取石英纤维线为缝合线，确定网格式缝合间距100mm，采用缝合工具对铺敷好的材料进行上下贯穿式的缝合包覆，最终获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
对比例：
对比例为未经缝合的刚性纳米隔热材料，制备方法同实施例12中的步骤1)。
通过实施例制备的缝合型纳米隔热材料可柔性弯曲，有效包覆回转体结构的物体，获得的材料整体具有抗弯折性能，而对比例获得得材料不具有弯折性能，无法实现对回状体结构物体的包覆；实施例制备的柔性材料经弯曲后，其芯层材料仍然保持较好的纳米孔结构。
表1为典型实施例制备的缝合型纳米隔热材料的室温导热系数。可以看出，采用本发明方法制备的缝合型纳米隔热材料的导热系数低，具有良好的隔热性能和可弯折性。
表1典型实施例材料导热系数
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制，本领域的普通技术人员可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求书所述为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)以纳米粉体、陶瓷纤维及红外遮光剂为主要原料，通过混合分散和组装压制获得刚性纳米隔热材料；
2)将压制好的刚性纳米隔热材料作为芯层材料，柔性包覆体作为外层面板，依次按照“面板-芯层-面板”的顺序进行铺敷，获得三明治结构复合材料；
3)以耐高温纤维线为缝合线，以网格式布局缝合方式对三明治结构复合材料进行包覆，获得缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤1)所述纳米粉体为纳米氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆、纳米碳化硅、或纳米碳粉；所述陶瓷纤维为石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、氧化锆纤维、莫来石纤维、或氧化铝纤维；所述红外遮光剂为石墨微粉、碳化硅微粉、氧化锆粉、二氧化钛微粉、或钛酸钾晶须。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中芯层材料的密度为0.1-0.8g/cm3，厚度为0.5mm到20mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中混合分散方式为干法分散或湿法分散，组装压制方式为干法压制或湿法压滤。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中柔性包覆体为耐高温纤维布，包括高硅氧纤维布、石英纤维布、氧化铝纤维布、碳化硅纤维布、或碳布。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述耐高温纤维布厚度为0.3-3mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中三明治结构中的上下两层面板为同一物质，或者为不同物质；上下面板的厚度相同或者不同。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤3)中耐高温纤维线包括石英纤维缝线、氧化铝纤维缝线、碳化硅纤维缝线、或碳纤维缝线。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤3)中网格式缝合的间距控制在10-100mm，缝合的方式为上下贯穿式缝合。
10.根据权利要求1～9中任一权利要求所述方法制备的缝合型柔性纳米隔热材料。
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