CN112139417A - Forging forming method of super-large deep blind hole shell - Google Patents
Forging forming method of super-large deep blind hole shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112139417A CN112139417A CN202010769174.XA CN202010769174A CN112139417A CN 112139417 A CN112139417 A CN 112139417A CN 202010769174 A CN202010769174 A CN 202010769174A CN 112139417 A CN112139417 A CN 112139417A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/34—Perforating tools; Die holders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/003—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass in punching machines or punching tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/02—Ejecting devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/04—Shaping in the rough solely by forging or pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/06—Hammers tups; Anvils; Anvil blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a forging forming method of an oversized deep blind hole shell, which is formed by manufacturing a conical blank, punching a blank and drawing an electroslag ingot, wherein the drawing step comprises the following steps of firstly, inserting a drawing mandrel into an inner hole through a punching end of the blind hole blank, and then, placing the blind hole blank between an upper arc anvil and a lower arc anvil for drawing: firstly, drawing out a solid end at the head of a blind hole blank to form a solid end at the head of the blind hole blank, then pressing a transition section of the blind hole end and the solid end at the head into a conical transition, then using a drawing-out core rod to prop against the bottom of an inner hole of the blind hole blank, and drawing out a blind hole end until a cylindrical section of an oversized deep blind hole shell is pressed out; then, the upper arc anvil and the lower arc anvil are changed into an upper conical arc anvil and a lower conical arc anvil, the solid end at the head is continuously drawn and formed until a smooth conical section of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell is extruded, and finally, the whole drawing process is completed to obtain the ultra-large deep blind hole shell; the invention adopts two swage blocks and one fire drawing to form, and the product has continuous inner hole fiber, good quality, simple process, low manufacturing cost, small equipment volume and low investment and production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forging method, in particular to a forging forming method of an oversized deep blind hole shell.
Background
With the deepening of national defense modernization in China, the establishment of strong air striking force becomes inevitable. According to the needs of the future battlefield, China also starts to develop a new generation of aviation bomb series. At present, the shell blind hole forge piece is produced in China mainly in two modes, one mode is free forging, namely, after a round bar blank is forged in a free forging mode, an inner hole is machined in a machining mode.
The other manufacturing method is die forging and reverse extrusion molding, namely, after a blank is forged in a free forging mode, a shell forging is formed in a special die by using a large-tonnage press, and the advanced production method is adopted by many foreign enterprises. In domestic enterprises, the housing forging is manufactured by adopting the method by the northern industrial group limited of inner Mongolia under the group of the Chinese weapon industry, and is limited to small housings. Because the requirement of the backward extrusion die forging on the tonnage of equipment is too high, the investment cost of a die is very huge, the working procedure is also complicated, and the die forging backward extrusion mode is difficult to be widely applied.
Therefore, through researching the forging technology of the large-scale shell forging, the advantages of enterprises are combined, under the existing equipment condition of a company, the forging allowance is further reduced, the material utilization rate is improved, the investment of a die is reduced, the deep blind hole and the head cone of the large-scale shell are forged, and the quality of the shell is improved, so that the development trend of manufacturing the large-scale shell forging is shown.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a forging and forming method of an ultra-large deep blind hole shell, which has the advantages of simple process, low manufacturing cost, small equipment volume, low investment and production cost and good product quality.
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) manufacturing an electroslag ingot into a conical blank, punching the blank and drawing and forming, wherein the blind hole blank obtained after punching the blank is drawn out of a furnace through high-temperature heat preservation and then drawn out of the furnace to be drawn and formed, and the drawing and forming step comprises two steps of drawing:
the first step is as follows: firstly, a drawing mandrel penetrates into an inner hole through a punching end of a blind hole blank, and then the blind hole blank is placed between an upper arc anvil and a lower arc anvil for drawing: firstly, drawing out a solid end at the head of a blind hole blank to form a solid end at the head of the blind hole blank, then pressing a transition section of the blind hole end and the solid end at the head into a conical transition, then using a drawing-out core rod to prop against the bottom of an inner hole of the blind hole blank, and drawing out a blind hole end until a cylindrical section of an oversized deep blind hole shell is pressed out;
the second step is that: then, the upper arc anvil and the lower arc anvil are changed into an upper conical arc anvil and a lower conical arc anvil, the solid end at the head is continuously drawn and formed until a smooth conical section of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell is extruded, and finally, the whole drawing process is completed to obtain the ultra-large deep blind hole shell;
when the drawing operation is carried out in the upper and lower arc anvils or the upper and lower conical arc anvils, the blind hole blank is uniformly rotated by 360 degrees by taking the axis as the center and is axially fed for a certain distance after being pressed for one circle, and then is repeatedly rotated by 360 degrees and is pressed for one circle; the inner circular arc parts of the upper conical circular arc anvil and the lower conical circular arc anvil are both conical.
The high-temperature heat preservation temperature of the blind hole blank is 1230 +/-20 ℃.
The length of the transition section is 300-400mm, so that a step with a large height difference is prevented from being formed at the joint of the solid end and the blind hole end, and a circle of folding is avoided at the joint during pulling.
In the step of manufacturing the tapered blank, the electroslag ingot is subjected to high temperature heat preservation and then undergoes three times of edgewise thickening and edgewise stretching on a press with more than 8000 tons to manufacture the tapered blank with taper, wherein the blank forging ratio is more than or equal to 5.
The diameter of the large end of the conical blank is 50-60mm larger than that of the small end, and the diameter drawing ratio of the conical blank in the drawing forming step is controlled to be more than or equal to 2.
The high-temperature heat preservation temperature of the electroslag ingot is 1250 +/-20 ℃.
In the blank punching step, the conical blank is placed in an outer die of a punching device after being subjected to high-temperature heat preservation, the conical blank in the outer die is punched by a punch rod, and the blind hole blank is upwards ejected from the outer die from the bottom of the outer die by an ejection device after the punching is finished to obtain the blind hole blank; the punching device consists of an outer die with a conical inner hole, a punch rod connected with a cross beam of the press and an ejection device positioned at the bottom of the outer die.
The high-temperature heat preservation temperature of the conical blank is 1270 +/-10 ℃;
the diameter of the large end of the conical blank is 10-20mm smaller than the maximum diameter of the inner hole of the outer die, and the diameter of the small end of the conical blank is 10-20mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the inner hole of the outer die.
The diameter of the punch is 15-25mm larger than the inner diameter of the blind hole of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell.
The diameter of the drawing core rod is the same as the inner diameter of the blind hole of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell.
In view of the problems in the background art, the inventor makes the following improvements:
(1) the forging forming of the oversized deep blind hole shell is carried out by adopting the process steps of manufacturing a conical blank, punching the blank and drawing out for forming, the process of each step is simple, the structure of the used workpiece is simple, the size is small, and the method can be suitable for producing a large-scale deep blind hole shell forge piece with the outer diameter of more than or equal to 500mm, the wall thickness of a blind hole of more than or equal to 100mm and the depth of the blind hole of more than or equal;
(2) by adopting a special drawing forming process and utilizing the upper and lower arc anvils, the problem that a core rod is easy to withdraw when the blind hole is drawn and formed can be effectively controlled, and the drawing efficiency and the shell forming appearance quality are improved; pressing the transition section of the blind hole end and the head solid end into conical transition to avoid folding of the transition section in the subsequent drawing process, wherein the length of the transition section is controlled to be 300-400mm, the drawing efficiency is reduced when the length is too long, and folding can be generated at the transition part when the length is too short;
(3) emphasizes that after the blind hole blank is subjected to high-temperature heat preservation and is discharged from a furnace, the forging ratio of the solid part is more than or equal to 2, the deformation of one-time forming is large, and the integral grain refinement and uniformity of the large deep blind hole shell can be ensured;
(4) in the drawing process, the blind hole blank is uniformly rotated by 360 degrees around an axis for a certain distance in turn after being pressed for one circle, and the blind hole blank is axially fed for a certain distance, so that the drawing method different from the prior art (the method that the blind hole blank is moved from the head to the tail along the axial direction and pressed while being pressed, and then is rotated by a certain angle after being pressed) has the following advantages: a, uniformly rotating for one circle, limiting the transverse flow of metal by utilizing the side pressure of an upper arc anvil and a lower arc anvil, and forcing the metal to extend along the axial direction, wherein the drawing method can greatly improve the drawing efficiency, shorten the drawing time, and ensure that the drawing operation is finished before the blind hole blank reaches the finish forging temperature; b, uniformly pressing a circle along the radial direction and then axially moving and drawing to ensure that the inner hole is round all the time, so that the operation sequence greatly improves the inner hole forming quality and effectively controls the problem of drawing the core rod to retreat; c, firstly, drawing out in the radial direction, and then axially feeding, wherein the stress state is best when drawing out in the upper and lower arc anvils, and the internal cracks of the solid part of the shell of the high alloy steel can be prevented;
(5) the two-step drawing process of drawing and forming two swage blocks by one fire is adopted, the first step utilizes the upper and lower arc anvil to draw and form the cylindrical section of the oversized deep blind hole shell, and the second step utilizes the upper and lower tapered arc anvil to further draw and finish and form the tapered section of the oversized deep blind hole shell, so that the surface quality of a product is improved, the molded oversized deep blind hole shell is ensured to meet the process size requirement, and the subsequent processing amount is greatly reduced.
Has the advantages that:
the method is particularly suitable for forging and forming the large deep blind hole shell with the outer diameter of more than or equal to 500mm, the wall thickness of the blind hole of more than or equal to 100mm and the depth of the blind hole of more than or equal to 3m, conical blank manufacturing, blank punching and core rod drawing forming are adopted, for shell forgings with different specifications, only a punch rod and a drawing core rod with corresponding sizes are required to be replaced, the adaptability is good, the method is flexible, the inner hole size of the blind hole of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell obtained by the forging method is controlled accurately, the external size is close to the size of the shell, and the forming quality of the large deep blind hole shell forgings is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conical blank.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of blank punching.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a transition section of a blind hole blank in a drawing process.
Fig. 4 is a schematic drawing of the drawing.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the upper and lower circular anvil.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the upper and lower conical circular arc anvils.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a molded ultra-large deep blind hole housing.
The device comprises a 1-conical blank, a 1.1-large end, a 1.2-small end, a 2-external mold, a 3-punch rod, a 4-ejection device, a 5-drawing mandrel, a 6-upper arc anvil, a 7-blind hole blank, a 7.1-blind hole end, a 7.2-solid end, a 7.3-inner hole, a 7.4-transition section, an 8-ultra-large deep blind hole shell, an 8.1-conical section, an 8.2-cylindrical section, a 9-lower arc anvil, a 10-upper conical arc anvil, an 11-lower conical arc drill and a 12-inner arc part.
Detailed Description
The process of the invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a conical blank, punching the blank and drawing and forming.
1) Preparing a conical blank: carrying out heat preservation on an electroslag ingot at 1250 +/-20 ℃ and then carrying out upsetting for three times and stretching for the flat side on a press with more than 8000 tons to obtain a tapered blank 1 with taper (shown in a figure 1), wherein the blank forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, the diameter of the large end of the tapered blank 1 is 50-60mm larger than that of the small end, the diameter of the 1.1 large end of the tapered blank 1 is controlled to be 10-20mm smaller than the maximum diameter of an inner hole of an outer die 2, and the diameter of the 1.2 small end is controlled to be 10-20mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the inner hole of the outer die 2;
2) punching a blank: referring to fig. 2, the conical blank 1 is taken out of the furnace after being returned to the furnace and subjected to high temperature insulation at 1270 +/-10 ℃, the conical blank is placed in an outer mold 2 of a punching device, a punch 3 is pressed by a press to punch the conical blank 1 in the outer mold 2, and after punching is finished, an ejection device 4 is driven by a hydraulic device to eject the blind hole blank upwards from the bottom of the outer mold 2 to obtain a blind hole blank 7; the punching device consists of an outer die 2 with a conical inner hole, a punch 3 connected with a cross beam of a press and an ejection device 4 positioned at the bottom of the outer die 2; the diameter of the punch 3 is 15-25mm larger than the size of an inner hole 7.3 of the designed ultra-large deep blind hole shell 8;
3) drawing and forming:
and (2) carrying out drawing forming on the blind hole blank 7 obtained after blank punching after high-temperature heat preservation at 1230 +/-20 ℃ and discharging, wherein the drawing forming step comprises two steps of drawing:
the first step is as follows: firstly, a pulling-out core rod 7 penetrates into an inner hole 7.3 through a blind hole end 7.1 of a blind hole blank 7, and then the blind hole blank 7 is placed between an upper arc anvil 6 and a lower arc anvil 9 for pulling-out: firstly, drawing and forming a head solid end 7.2 of a blind hole blank 7, and then pressing a transition section 7.4 of the blind hole end 7.1 and the head solid end 7.2 into conical transition, wherein the length of the transition section is preferably 300-400mm, so that a step with a large height difference is prevented from being formed at the joint of the solid end 7.2 and the blind hole end 7.1, and a circle of folding is avoided from being formed at the joint during drawing; then, a drawing core rod 5 is used for propping against the bottom of an inner hole 7.3 of a blind hole blank 7, and a blind hole end 7.1 is drawn and formed until a cylindrical section 8.2 of the oversized deep blind hole shell is extruded, and the outer diameter size of the solid end 7.2 meets the outer diameter requirement of a designed conical section 8.2;
the second step is that: then, the upper and lower arc anvils 6 and 9 are replaced by upper and lower conical arc anvils 10 and 11, the conical inner arc part 12 of the upper and lower arc anvils is used for continuously drawing and finishing to form a head solid end 7.2 until a smooth conical section 8.1 of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell is extruded, and finally, the whole drawing process is completed to obtain the ultra-large deep blind hole shell 8;
when the drawing operation is performed in the upper and lower arc anvils 6 and 9 or the upper and lower conical arc anvils 10 and 11, the blind hole blank 7 is uniformly rotated 360 degrees around the axis for a circle in turn, then axially fed for a certain distance (the axial feeding distance is preferably 0.5-0.8 time of the width of the corresponding arc anvil), and then repeatedly rotated 360 degrees for a circle in turn.
Referring to fig. 5, the inner arc parts of the upper and lower arc anvils 6 and 9 have no taper change, which is beneficial to drawing and forming the cylindrical section 8.2 of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell 8; referring to fig. 6, the inner circular arc portions 12 of the upper and lower tapered circular arc anvils 10 and 11 are both tapered (the inner circular arc portions 12 have a taper change when viewed from the axial direction, and have tapered cross sections), and are arranged symmetrically up and down, so as to facilitate finishing and drawing to form the tapered section 8.1 of the ultra-large deep blind hole casing 8, and improve the surface quality of the tapered section 8.1.
The ultra-large deep blind hole shell 8 obtained by completing the whole drawing process completely meets the design size requirement (see fig. 7), the ultra-large deep blind hole shell 8 with the outer diameter of more than or equal to 500mm, the wall thickness of the blind hole of more than or equal to 100mm and the depth of the blind hole of more than or equal to 3m can be forged by adopting the method, the inner hole of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell 8 has no shrinkage cavity, the quality of the inner hole is good, the size of the inner hole is accurately controlled, the appearance size is close to the size of the shell (the allowance of 10-20mm on the single side.
Claims (10)
1. The forging forming method of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell is characterized in that an electroslag ingot is formed by manufacturing a conical blank, punching the blank and drawing out, wherein the blind hole blank obtained after punching the blank is drawn out of a furnace through high-temperature heat preservation and then drawn out to form, and the drawing out forming step comprises two steps of drawing out:
the first step is as follows: firstly, a drawing mandrel penetrates into an inner hole through a punching end of a blind hole blank, and then the blind hole blank is placed between an upper arc anvil and a lower arc anvil for drawing: firstly, drawing out a solid end at the head of a blind hole blank to form a solid end at the head of the blind hole blank, then pressing a transition section of the blind hole end and the solid end at the head into a conical transition, then using a drawing-out core rod to prop against the bottom of an inner hole of the blind hole blank, and drawing out a blind hole end until a cylindrical section of an oversized deep blind hole shell is pressed out;
the second step is that: then, the upper arc anvil and the lower arc anvil are changed into an upper conical arc anvil and a lower conical arc anvil, the solid end at the head is continuously drawn and formed until a smooth conical section of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell is extruded, and finally, the whole drawing process is completed to obtain the ultra-large deep blind hole shell;
when the drawing operation is carried out in the upper and lower arc anvils or the upper and lower conical arc anvils, the blind hole blank is uniformly rotated by 360 degrees by taking the axis as the center and is axially fed for a certain distance after being pressed for one circle, and then is repeatedly rotated by 360 degrees and is pressed for one circle; the inner circular arc parts of the upper conical circular arc anvil and the lower conical circular arc anvil are both conical.
2. The forging forming method of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature holding temperature of the blind hole blank is 1230 +/-20 ℃.
3. The forging and forming method of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the transition section is 300-400 mm.
4. The method for forging and forming a super large deep blind hole shell according to claim 1, wherein in said step of making a tapered blank, the tapered blank is obtained by three times of upsetting and edgewise lengthening on a press of more than 8000 tons after holding an electroslag ingot at a high temperature, wherein the blank forging ratio is not less than 5.
5. The forging forming method of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the large end of the conical blank is 50-60mm larger than that of the small end, and the diameter drawing ratio of the conical blank in the drawing forming step is controlled to be not less than 2.
6. The forging and forming method of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the high temperature holding temperature of the electroslag ingot is 1250 ± 20 ℃.
7. The forging forming method of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the blank punching step, the conical blank is placed in an outer die of the punching device after being subjected to high-temperature heat preservation, a punch rod is used for punching the conical blank in the outer die, and after the punching is finished, the blind hole blank is ejected upwards from the outer die from the bottom of the outer die by an ejection device to obtain the blind hole blank; the punching device consists of an outer die with a conical inner hole, a punch rod connected with a cross beam of the press and an ejection device positioned at the bottom of the outer die.
8. The forging forming method of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell according to claim 7, wherein the high temperature holding temperature of the conical blank is 1270 +/-10 ℃.
9. The method for forging and forming a very large deep blind hole shell according to claim 7, wherein the diameter of the large end of the conical blank is 10-20mm smaller than the maximum diameter of the inner hole of the outer die, and the diameter of the small end of the conical blank is 10-20mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the inner hole of the outer die.
10. The forging forming method of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell according to claim 7, wherein the diameter of the punch is 15-25mm larger than the inner diameter of the blind hole of the ultra-large deep blind hole shell.
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| CN112894276A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Deep blind hole cylindrical component and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114147159A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-08 | 江阴市龙玉锻压有限公司 | Forging process for improving overall mechanical property of large-scale flat head forging |
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| CN112139417B (en) | 2022-06-28 |
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