CN112136698A - Method for manufacturing calf overwintering biological bedding material bed - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing calf overwintering biological bedding material bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN112136698A CN112136698A CN202010971207.9A CN202010971207A CN112136698A CN 112136698 A CN112136698 A CN 112136698A CN 202010971207 A CN202010971207 A CN 202010971207A CN 112136698 A CN112136698 A CN 112136698A
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- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 19
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021403 cultural food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000038280 herbivores Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a calf overwintering biological bedding material bed, which comprises the following steps: step S1, constructing a bed body which is a hard layer, the two sides of the bed body are slightly higher, and the middle of the bed body is slightly lower; s2, preparing a bacterial liquid, wherein the bacterial liquid is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, clean water and nutrient substances, sealing and fermenting, and S3, paving a padding layer on the bed body, wherein the padding layer is a layer of plant crushed materials, the plant crushed materials are required to be dry and have good water absorption, and meanwhile, the bacterial liquid is sprayed on the padding layer when the padding layer is paved. The biological bedding material bed prepared by the method provides a warm, soft, dry and comfortable bed-lying environment for calves, and improves the survival rate of the calves over winter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural breeding technology, in particular to a method for manufacturing a calf overwintering biological bedding material bed.
Background
With the rapid increase of economy, the income level of urban and rural residents is continuously improved, the food culture and the dietary structure are gradually improved, the pork product can not meet the requirements of mass social consumers any more, and the beef becomes the second choice of most urban and rural residents.
Today's policy incentives and supports for herbivores have slowly moved from the north of vast amounts to the south where grass vegetation is more abundant. Generally, cows are oestrous and bred in spring and calves are produced in winter, but due to the fact that the beef cattle breeding technology is laggard in south, and due to the fact that the southern areas are cold and moist in winter, an effective warm keeping means is lacked, cattle farms are generally mainly made of cement ground and are horizontal in ground, urine and excrement of the cows are accumulated on beds and cannot be discharged or treated in time, the calves lie on the beds which are cold and moist and accumulate feces for a long time, and a large number of born calves die due to feces infection and the cold and unsafe overwintering of the beds. As a single-birth animal, the cattle has long breeding period, slow breeding and difficult group expansion, and if the safe overwintering of calves cannot be guaranteed, the cattle is a huge economic loss for farmers in breeding farms.
At present, facilities and equipment for calf overwintering are few, only calf islands, fan heaters and the like exist in the market, technologies for beef cattle fermentation beds also exist, the calf islands severely restrict the activity range of calves and increase the breeding investment, and the beef cattle fermentation beds are widely applied to fattening cattle, but the calf fermentation beds cannot be widely applied to breeding of calves in southern areas, particularly overwintering, because the problems that the fermentation beds are moist and various harmful microorganisms breed to cause infection of the calves cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a calf overwintering biological bedding material bed. The biological bedding material bed manufactured by the manufacturing method of the biological bedding material bed for the overwintering of the calves can provide a warm, soft, dry and comfortable lying environment for the calves and improve the survival rate of the calves during the overwintering.
The manufacturing method of the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed comprises the following steps: step S1, constructing a bed body which is a hard layer, wherein two sides of the bed body are slightly higher, and the middle of the bed body is slightly lower; step S2, preparing a bacterial liquid, wherein the bacterial liquid comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and saccharomyces cerevisiae; and S3, paving a bedding layer on the bed body, wherein the bedding layer is a layer of plant crushed aggregates which are required to be dry and have good water absorption, and meanwhile, the bacterium liquid is sprayed on the bedding layer when the bedding layer is paved.
The manufacturing method of the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects:
1. the biological bedding material bed for the overwintering of the calves can ensure that the calves live in a dry, comfortable and warm environment and improve the survival rate of the calves during the overwintering.
2. The bacillus subtilis contained in the padding layer has high-activity protease, can inhibit pathogenic bacteria, promote the growth of beneficial anaerobic bacteria and generate organic acids such as lactic acid and the like; the bacillus licheniformis has high-activity amylase, can degrade nutrient which is not absorbed and digested in the excrement and decompose toxic and harmful substances in the excrement; the saccharomyces cerevisiae generates organic acid, can reduce the content of ammonia gas and improve the environmental odor.
3. When the biological bedding material bed is used for feeding cattle, urine of the cattle leaks through the bedding material layer, and heat is generated while the urine is fermented and decomposed by strains in the bacterial liquid, so that the temperature of the biological bedding material bed is maintained. The bed bodies on the two sides of the biological bedding material bed are slightly higher, the middle part of the bed body is slightly lower, the urine of the cattle after leakage is convenient to concentrate, and the bedding material layer is kept dry. The bed body is a hard layer, so that the biological bedding material bed is convenient to loosen by using loosening equipment.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the preparation of the bacterial liquid comprises the following steps:
step S21, mixing the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae to prepare a strain, and placing the strain in a container;
step S22, adding clear water with the weight 40 times of that of the strains;
step S23, adding sugar accounting for 2% of the weight of the clean water, and mixing;
and step S24, covering and sealing the mixture with a plastic film for 2 to 3 days.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the laying of the padding layer comprises the steps of:
step S31, laying a layer of the plant crushed aggregates;
step S32, spraying the bacterial liquid once by using a sprayer;
repeating the steps S31 and S32 in sequence until a total of 5 padding layers are laid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, each layer of the plant scraps is laid with a thickness of 10cm, and the amount of the bacteria liquid sprayed each time is 1kg/m2The moisture of the padding layer was kept at 50%.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the plant pieces are made from chaff and dried sawdust by mixing in a weight ratio of 2: 3.
according to some embodiments of the invention, the construction slope is 1% slightly higher on both sides of the bed than slightly lower in the middle.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a food groove is arranged on one side of the bed body, a water groove is arranged on the other side of the bed body, and the food groove and the water groove are 60cm higher than the surface of the padding layer.
According to some embodiments of the invention, to ensure sufficient activity space for calves, the bed construction area should not be less than 5m when calves are fed alone2(ii) a When calves and cows are fed simultaneously, the construction area of the bed body is not less than 12m2。
According to some embodiments of the invention, further comprising a post-treatment step of the padding layer, the padding layer needs to be loosened monthly using prior art loosening equipment; the padding layer needs to be replaced every 6 months.
The embodiments of the invention realize the homotopic fermentation of the cattle excretion, and the organic fertilizer is used after the padding layer is replaced and cleaned, so the organic fertilizer can be directly returned to the field for planting grass, fruits and vegetables, thereby really realizing the planting and breeding combination of the farm and playing a positive role in the aspects of environmental protection, ecology, economy and the like.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bio-mattress bed manufactured according to the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Referring to fig. 1, there is illustrated a schematic structural view of a bio-mat bed manufactured according to a manufacturing method of an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the manufacturing method of the biological bedding material bed for wintering calves of the invention comprises the following steps: step S1, constructing a bed body 100, wherein the bed body 100 is a hard layer, two sides of the bed body 100 are slightly higher, and the middle of the bed body 100 is slightly lower; step S2, preparing a bacterial liquid, wherein the bacterial liquid comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and saccharomyces cerevisiae; step S3, laying a padding layer 200 on the bed body 100, where the padding layer 200 is a layer of plant scraps, and the plant scraps are required to be dry and have good water absorption, and meanwhile, spraying bacteria liquid on the padding layer 200 when laying the padding layer 200.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the preparation of the bacterial liquid includes the following steps: step S21, mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to obtain a strain, and placing the strain in a container; step S22, adding clear water with the weight 40 times of that of the strains; step S23, adding sugar accounting for 2% of the weight of the clear water, and then mixing; and step S24, covering and sealing the mixture with a plastic film for 2 to 3 days. The prepared bacterial liquid can promote the activation of strains, split more strains and obtain more active strains, and the bacteria liquid can be sprayed on the padding layer 200 to effectively ferment and decompose the cattle excretion.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the laying of the padding layer 200 includes the following steps: step S31, laying a layer of plant crushed aggregates; step S32, spraying a primary bacterium solution by using a sprayer; the steps S31 and S32 are repeated in sequence until a total of 5 padding layers 200 are laid.
Specifically, the plant crushed aggregates are prepared by mixing chaff and dry sawdust according to a weight ratio of 2: 3 mixing, laying each layer of plant crushed material with a thickness of 10cm, and spraying bacterial liquid 1kg/m each time2Keeping padThe moisture of the material layer 200 is 50%. The fungus liquid can fully evenly distribute in the plant crushed aggregates this moment, can fully contact with ox excrement, improves ox excrement fermentation decomposition efficiency, keeps the whole dry state that is of bedding layer simultaneously. Meanwhile, the chaff and the dry sawdust are used for manufacturing the padding layer 200, so that the utilization rate of agricultural waste is improved.
According to the manufacturing method of the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed, according to some embodiments of the invention, the construction gradient of the bed body 100 is 1%, one side of the bed body 100 is provided with the feeding trough 300, the other side is provided with the water trough 400, and the feeding trough 300 and the water trough 400 are both 60cm higher than the surface of the bedding material layer 200. When a single calf is raised, the construction area of the bed body 100 is not less than 5m2(ii) a When simultaneously feeding calves and cows, the construction area of the bed body 100 is not less than 12m2. The bed body construction slope is 1%, can realize concentrating the effect of cow urine, can guarantee again that the bedding layer can not be to the middle gathering extrusion blocking of bed body. The two sides of the bed body are respectively provided with a trough and a water tank, so that the cattle can take food and drink water in the biological bedding material bed, and management of breeders is facilitated.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method for manufacturing the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed further comprises a step S4 of post-treating the bedding material layer 200, loosening the bedding material layer 200 by using loosening equipment every month to keep the dryness and comfort of the bedding material layer 200, replacing the bedding material layer 200 every 6 months, and using the replaced bedding material layer 200 as organic fertilizer to be directly returned to the field for utilization or processed for sale.
The calves are bred on the prepared biological bedding bed, can eat in the feeding trough 300, and drink in the water trough 400. Urine that the calf excretes leaks downwards and passes through bedding layer 200, is decomposed by the fungus liquid fermentation in bedding layer 200, and the temperature of biological bedding material bed is maintained to the while production of heat, because bed body 100 middle slightly low both sides are slightly high, and the urine that is not in time decomposed is concentrated the separation, keeps biological bedding material bed in dry condition. Feces excreted by calves fall on the dry biological cushion material layer, are wrapped by chaff and dry sawdust, are treaded up when the calves move, and are finally fermented and decomposed by bacteria liquid.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
The stock of the Hunan Taimei animal husbandry development Limited company can breed 400 cows and 300 calves every year, the death rate of the calves every year is 8-10% before the embodiment of the invention is not used, the calves are bred by using the biological bedding bed built by the embodiment of the invention from 2018, the overwintering survival rate of the calves is obviously improved, and the death rate is reduced to 0.8-1%.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a calf overwintering biological bedding material bed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, a bed body (100) is built, the bed body (100) is a hard layer, two sides of the bed body (100) are slightly higher, and the middle of the bed body is slightly lower;
step S2, preparing a bacterial liquid, wherein the bacterial liquid comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
s3, paving a bedding layer (200) on the bed body (100), wherein the bedding layer (200) is a layer of plant crushed aggregates which are required to be dried and have good water absorption, and meanwhile, the bacterium liquid is sprayed on the bedding layer (200) when the bedding layer (200) is paved.
2. The method for preparing a calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the preparation of the bacteria liquid comprises the following steps:
step S21, mixing the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the saccharomyces cerevisiae to prepare a strain, and placing the strain in a container;
step S22, adding clear water with the weight 40 times of that of the strains;
step S23, adding sugar accounting for 2% of the weight of the clean water, and then mixing;
and step S24, covering and sealing the mixture with a plastic film for 2 to 3 days.
3. The method for manufacturing a calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, the laying of the bedding material layer (200) comprises the following steps:
step S31, laying a layer of the plant crushed aggregates;
step S32, spraying the bacterial liquid once by using a sprayer;
repeating the steps S31 and S32 in sequence until a total of 5 padding layers (200) are laid.
4. The method for preparing the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to the claim 3, is characterized in that: the thickness of each layer of the plant crushed aggregates is 10cm, and the amount of the bacterial liquid sprayed each time is 1kg/m2Maintaining the moisture of the padding layer (200) at 50%.
5. The method for preparing the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: the plant crushed aggregates are prepared by mixing chaff and dry sawdust, and the mixing weight ratio is 2: 3.
6. the method for preparing the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to the claim 1, is characterized in that: the construction gradient of the bed body (100) is 1 percent with two sides slightly higher than the middle and slightly lower than the middle.
7. The method for preparing the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to the claim 1, is characterized in that: a feeding trough (300) is arranged on one side of the bed body (100), a water trough (400) is arranged on the other side of the bed body, and the feeding trough (300) and the water trough (400) are 60cm higher than the surface of the padding layer (200).
8. The method for preparing the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to the claim 1, is characterized in that: the construction area of the bed body (100) is not less than 5m2。
9. The method for preparing the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to the claim 1, is characterized in that: the construction area of the bed body (100) is not less than 12m2。
10. The method for preparing the calf overwintering biological bedding material bed according to the claim 1, is characterized in that: the method further comprises a step S4 of post-processing the padding layer (200), wherein the padding layer (200) is loosened by using loosening equipment every month, and the padding layer (200) is replaced every 6 months.
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| CN202010971207.9A CN112136698A (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2020-09-16 | Method for manufacturing calf overwintering biological bedding material bed |
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| CN102792895A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2012-11-28 | 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Beef cattle fermentation bed and production method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-09-16 CN CN202010971207.9A patent/CN112136698A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2006101162A1 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2008-09-04 | 株式会社サコダバイオ研究所 | Animal breeding material, pathogenic microorganism growth inhibitor, pathogenic microorganism growth inhibitory method, animal breeding method and feed |
| CN101416610A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2009-04-29 | 李季 | Pigpen fermentation bed and use thereof |
| CN101544960A (en) * | 2009-05-06 | 2009-09-30 | 俞嵘 | A leaven dedicated for fermenting bed of microorganism engineering and fermenting bed pad manufacture method |
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Inventor after: Qin Mao Inventor after: Zhang Baizhong Inventor after: Zhang Mabing Inventor after: Lu Shengwan Inventor after: Qin Shixin Inventor after: Long Tao Inventor after: Xiang Chengzhi Inventor before: Qin Mao Inventor before: Zhang Baizhong Inventor before: Zhang Mabing Inventor before: Lu Shengwan Inventor before: Qin Shixin Inventor before: Long Tao |
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Application publication date: 20201229 |
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