CN112135729B - 低失真的汽车夹层摄像头加热*** - Google Patents

低失真的汽车夹层摄像头加热*** Download PDF

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CN112135729B
CN112135729B CN201980033638.6A CN201980033638A CN112135729B CN 112135729 B CN112135729 B CN 112135729B CN 201980033638 A CN201980033638 A CN 201980033638A CN 112135729 B CN112135729 B CN 112135729B
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glass
layer
plastic
camera
interlayer
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CN112135729A (zh
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马里奥·阿图罗·曼海姆·阿斯塔特
劳拉·格拉纳多斯·卡罗
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AGP America SA
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
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  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)

Abstract

在汽车中，基于摄像头的安全***的应用正在迅速增长，它们用于提供车道偏离警告、避免碰撞、自适应巡航控制和其他功能。随着行业朝着完全自主能力的方向发展，摄像头的数量和分辨率都在增加。为了正确操作，摄像机需要清晰的、无失真的视野。保持相机区域没有雪和冰一直是一个问题，电阻加热电路通常用于保持该区域的清洁。为了快速清洁，电路需要在高功率水平下工作。由于塑料中间层的折射率取决于温度，由电路元件的间隔导致的非等温加热会造成严重的失真。本发明的夹层通过除去相机视野中的中间层并用折射率具有更高的温度稳定性的塑料代替而减少了失真。

Description

低失真的汽车夹层摄像头加热***
技术领域
本发明涉及夹层汽车玻璃的领域。
背景技术
以摄像头为基础的安全***的应用正在迅速增长，这类***要求宽广的视野和高水准的光学清晰度。基于摄像头的***用于提供多种安全功能，包括自适应巡航控制、紧急制动、障碍物检测、车道偏离警告以及对自主操作的支持。明亮、清晰、无失真的视野和未改变的自然色彩对于基于摄像头的***按预期运行至关重要。这对于这些***能够快速分类和区别对象、采集文档、识别标牌和信号、以及以最少的照明进行操作是必不可少的。
随着行业朝着完全自主能力的方向发展，摄像头的数量和分辨率都在增加。摄像头需要较高的前视视野，因此通常必须被安装在挡风玻璃上和雨刷器区域中，以使视野能够在雨雪中保持清洁。同时，挡风玻璃变得越来越大，形状也越来越复杂。在最极端的情况下，我们采用全景挡风玻璃，其顶部边缘已经大大延伸，以至于其包括了车顶的一部分。
摄像机的视野必须远离水，雪和冰，以确保安全***正常工作。此外，完全自动驾驶的车辆必须具有排除雨，雪和冰的区域，然后才能操作车辆。
摄像头通常安装在挡风玻璃刮水器的路径中，刮水器可提供足够的水分清除功能。保持摄像机视野中没有冰雪则更加困难，来自热空气除霜器***的空气(通常用于清洁挡风玻璃)会被照相机组件阻挡。尽管某些挡风玻璃可以使用全表面透明导电涂层或嵌入式布线电阻加热，但这些挡风玻璃工作时的功率密度不足以提供较短的驶离时间所需的快速清洁。
安装到玻璃内表面上或并入摄像头组件的不透明电加热电路仅在相机视野较小时才有效。该限制的原因在于玻璃的导热性差。加热元件的间隔距离不能超过约35mm。否则，温度的升高并不足以清洁玻璃。对于具有较大视野的多摄像头***，通常需要侵入摄像头视野的电阻加热电路。
有两种主要技术用于为摄像头视野制造电阻加热电路：印刷银粉和嵌入式布线。
银粉是用于后照灯、加热刮水器座和摄像头除霜器的最常见的加热电路类型，它也是最具成本效益的。银粉被与载体，粘合剂和细磨玻璃混合。有时还添加其他材料以增强特定性能：焙烧温度、防粘性、耐化学性等等。在对玻璃进行加热和弯曲之前，使用丝网印刷或喷墨印刷工艺将银粉涂覆到玻璃上。在弯曲过程中加热平板玻璃时，银粉中的粉状玻璃会软化和融化，并熔合到玻璃表面，银粉印刷层就成为玻璃的永久部分。发生这种情况时，银粉被称为“烧制完成”。这就是玻璃化过程，它与用于在浴室装置、陶器、瓷器和家用电器上涂覆珐琅饰面的过程非常相似。电阻低至每平方2毫欧、线宽窄至0.5mm都是能实现的。银粉印刷的主要缺点是烧制后的银的美学效果，其具有从深橙色到芥末黄颜色，这取决于其印刷在玻璃的哪一侧，即空气侧或镀锡侧。母线为印刷银粉，但可用铜条或编织带进行电性加固。驾驶员视野范围内的挡风玻璃上不能使用丝网印刷的银电路，因为线太宽将会干扰视线。
嵌入式布线电阻加热电路是通过将细导线嵌入层压板的塑料粘合层中而形成的，通过加热或超声波将导线嵌入塑料中。钨是首选材料，因为它的拉伸强度是铜的十倍，并且它的颜色是浅黑色。加热的挡风玻璃通常使用18至22μm范围内的钨丝，在此范围内导线几乎是看不见的。使用振荡正弦形图案嵌入导线，以减少在某些照明条件下可能发生的眩光。对于不同于挡风玻璃的玻璃位置，可以使用更大的线径。通常使用某些类型的CNC机器嵌入导线。母线使用薄扁铜，通常使用两层。在嵌入导线之前，将第一层涂覆到塑料层上，将第二层涂覆在第一层的顶部上，并且通过焊接或使用导电粘合剂将两者结合。对于某些应用，可能只需要使用单层铜即可。当然，也可以使用除铜以外的导体。
不论采用哪种方法，电阻元件都彼此间隔一定距离，间距将取决于技术和其他因素。对于印刷的银材料，最大间距为约35mm。对于0.5mm的最小线宽来说，不希望视野中存在任何的线，但是对间隔的限制通常需要在视野中至少有一条线。大多数摄像头***都可以承受这种状况，但这并不是最佳的选择。
嵌入式布线电路可以使用细至18μm的导线进行工作。在此直径下，它们对于摄像头***几乎是不可见的，不会造成太大的问题。在线径为18μm时，通常间距将处于3-6mm范围内。
元件彼此之间越接近，加热就将会越均匀。而且，元件的总长度越大，随着能量在元件的整个长度上耗散，元件温度将会越低。
这样，与印刷银电路相比，具有相同功率密度的嵌入式布线电路将倾向于具有较低的元件温度并且更加均匀。但是，整个视野中的温度可能会有显著的变化量，而这就是问题所在。
材料的折射率是真空中的光速与该材料中的光速之比。它的值确定进入或离开物质时光的折射程度。折射率不是固定的，它是多个变量的函数。折射率随材料类型、温度、压力、电场和波长而变化。对于固体来说，温度是影响折射率的主要因素之一。
热光系数可以通过Clausius-Mossotti关系的推导来估算：
其中αm是宏观极化率。
的变化取决于两个抵消作用：由正的热膨胀系数导致的密度变化、以及极化率随温度的增加。正的热膨胀系数α导致了负的热光系数/>而极化率随体积的正变化/>会导致正的热光系数/>以此方式，具有高热膨胀系数和高极化率的材料倾向于具有较高的热光系数1。聚合物夹层倾向于具有较高的热光系数。
(1其他参考资料：
Handbook of optics,Volume 2,McGraw Hill.
Temperature dependence of refractive characteristics of opticalplastics.S N Kasarova et al 2010J.Phys.:Conf.Ser.253 012028.
TIE-19.Temperature Coefficient of the Refractive Index,Technicalinformation,advanced optics,Schott,2016.)
挡风玻璃由至少三层组成：外玻璃和内玻璃以及中间层。中间层的设计使得其折射率与所述玻璃的折射率相匹配，以尽量减小光的折射。但是，随着聚合物中间层温度的升高，折射率会发生变化，并且该性质会不再与玻璃的折射率匹配。折射率的这一变化会导致失真。所述变化量T越大，失真就越大。此外，当聚合物夹层处于高于其玻璃化转变温度的温度时，其热光系数会增加直至达到恒定值。图1显示了聚合物夹层的热光系数如何受到其温度升高的影响。可以注意到，当T小于Tg时，该系数保持在恒定的34处的数值。一旦达到Tg，并且随着T的值开始上升，系数/>就从恒定值开始偏移到36处。如上所述，一旦温度足够高于Tg，则热光系数会再次达到恒定值38处。
这样，我们不仅需要等待冰雪融化，还需要等待夹层板恢复到恒温状态。我们所希望的将是减少或消除这种失真，以便减少车辆开始运行所需的时间。
发明内容
在加热电路工作期间由于聚合物夹层的折射率变化而引起的有关失真的缺陷得到了减小，如果没有通过用包含中间层的嵌件代替摄像头视野中的聚合物夹层来将其消除的话。所述中间层在加热电路工作的温度范围内具有更加稳定的折射率。
优点：
有助于实现更短的驶离时间；
减少失真；
支持具有更高分辨率的摄像头；
使用标准的汽车玻璃工艺和设备制造。
附图说明
通过与附图结合的以下实施方式的具体描述，本发明的这些特征和优点将会变得更加清楚，其中：
图1描绘了聚合物中间层的热塑性系数表现与其温度变化的关系。
图2A是传统的汽车夹层板的横截面。
图2B是具有涂层和性能膜的传统的汽车夹层板的横截面。
图3是具有单个塑料中间层的挡风玻璃的分解图。
图4是具有单个塑料中间层的挡风玻璃的分解图，该夹层具有延伸至玻璃边缘的切口。
图5是具有两个塑料中间层、一个薄膜层和一个薄膜嵌件的挡风玻璃的分解图。
参考标号
2：玻璃
4：塑料粘合层
6：掩蔽部
8：中间层切口
12：塑料性能膜
18：涂层
20：遮阳部
22：透明中间层嵌件
24：薄膜嵌件
28：薄膜切口
32：用于摄像头的掩蔽部开口
34：第一恒定值区间
36：过渡区间
38：第二恒定值区间
101：第一表面
102：第二表面
103：第三表面
104：第四表面
201：外玻璃层
202：内玻璃层
具体实施方式
以下术语用于描述本发明的夹层玻璃。典型的汽车夹层板横截面如图2A和2B所示。夹层板由两层玻璃，即外部层或外侧层201和内部层或内侧层202组成，它们通过塑料粘合层4(中间层)永久地粘合在一起。车辆外部的玻璃表面被称为第一表面101或一号表面。外玻璃层201的相对一面是第二表面102或二号表面。车辆内部的玻璃表面被称为第四表面104或四号表面。内玻璃层202的相对一面是第三表面103或三号表面。第二表面102和第三表面103通过塑料粘合层4粘合在一起。掩蔽部6也可以被涂覆到玻璃上。掩蔽部6通常由印刷在第二表面102或第四表面104上、或同时印刷在该两个表面上的黑色珐琅玻璃料构成。所述夹层板还可以包括位于一个或多个表面上的涂层18。所述夹层板还可以包括层压在至少两个塑料粘合层4之间的薄膜12。
夹层安全玻璃是通过使用塑料粘合层4将退火玻璃2的两个玻璃片201、202粘合在一起而制成的，所述塑料粘合层4包括如图2A和2B所示的透明热塑性塑料的薄片(中间层)。退火玻璃是已经从弯曲温度缓慢地冷却下来，通过了玻璃转变范围的玻璃。这个过程减轻了玻璃在弯曲过程中留下的任何应力。退火玻璃会破碎成带有锋利边缘的大块碎片。当夹层玻璃破裂时，碎玻璃的碎片会通过塑料层被约束在一起，就像拼图玩具的碎片一样，这有助于保持玻璃的结构完整性。挡风玻璃破损的车辆仍然可以运行。塑料粘合层还有助于防止入侵物体从外部撞击夹层板，并且在发生碰撞的情况下提高乘员的保持力。
玻璃层是通过重力弯曲、压力弯曲、冷弯曲或本领域已知的任何其他常规手段来形成的。用于形成玻璃的重力和压力弯曲方法在本领域中是众所周知的，并且将不会在本公开中讨论。
塑料粘合层4(中间层)具有将相邻层的主要表面彼此粘合的主要功能。当将一个玻璃层粘合到另一玻璃层时，所选材料通常是透明塑料。对于汽车用途，最常用的塑料粘合层4(中间层)是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。除聚乙烯醇缩丁醛外，还可以使用离子塑料聚合物，乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)，现浇(CIP)液态树脂和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。除了将玻璃层粘合在一起之外，中间层还可用于增强功能。本发明还可以包括被设计用于衰减声音的中间层。这样的中间层全部或部分地由塑料层构成，该塑料层比通常使用的塑料层更软且更具挠性。中间层也可以是具有日光衰减特性的类型。
汽车夹层板通过挤出工艺制成。光滑的表面往往会粘附在玻璃上，导致难以在玻璃上进行定位和捕获空气。为了便于处理塑料板以及从夹层板中去除空气(脱气)，通常在塑料表面上进行压花。汽车PVB中间层的标准厚度为0.38毫米和0.76毫米(15和30密耳)。
多种薄膜可用于结合到夹层板中。这些薄膜的用途包括但不限于：日光控制、可变的透光率、增强的刚度、增强的结构完整性、改善的抗穿透性、改善的乘员保持力、提供阻挡层、着色、提供遮阳、色彩校正、以及用作功能性的基材和装饰图形。术语“薄膜”应包括所有这些以及可能被开发或当前可获得的，可改善夹层玻璃的性能、功能、美观性或成本的其他产品。大多数薄膜包括至少一个塑料基材。大多数薄膜不具有粘合性能。为了被结合到夹层板中，在薄膜的每一侧上需要塑料中间层薄片，以便将薄膜粘合到夹层板的其他层上。
汽车玻璃通常利用吸热玻璃组合物来减少车辆上的日光负荷。虽然吸热窗可能非常有效，但是玻璃会变热，并通过对流传递和辐射将能量传递到乘客舱。一种更有效的方法是将热量反射回大气中，使玻璃保持凉爽。这是通过使用各种红外反射薄膜和涂层来完成的。红外涂层和薄膜通常太软，以致无法安装或涂覆到对这些元件暴露的玻璃表面上。相反，它们必须被制造成层压产品的内层之一，以防止薄膜或涂层的损坏和降解。
夹层窗相对于回火单片玻璃的最大优点之一在于，夹层板除了可以利用吸热成分和中间层之外，还可以利用红外反射涂层和薄膜。
红外反射涂层包括但不限于通过磁控溅射真空沉积(MSVD)以及本领域中其他已知方法涂覆的各种金属/电介质涂层，所述其他已知方法通过热解、喷涂、受控气相沉积(CVD)、浸涂和其他方法进行涂覆。
红外反射薄膜既包括涂覆有金属的塑料基板，也包括在红外线中产生反射的有机基非金属光学薄膜。大多数红外反射薄膜包含塑料薄膜基材，该塑料膜基材具有涂覆的红外反射层状金属涂层。
如果红外反射涂层被涂覆到了所述玻璃表面之一上，则可能需要从摄像头的视野中除去该涂层。由于这类涂层的厚度为纳米级，因此无需进行厚度补偿。这类涂层可以与应用于塑料层的本发明的方法相结合。
为了本发明的目的，各种性能膜和塑料粘合层都被认为是塑料层。可以用任何可行的组合方式来组合本发明的塑料层和本发明的方法，包括被描述为在不脱离本发明的原理的情况下可以理解的实施例中并不存在的那些组合。
实验方法已经表明，折射率引起的热变形的临界温度范围是中间层的玻璃化转变温度Tg。这是里聚合物从半脊峰状态转变为柔软和可塑状态的位置。折射率的变化速率，作为温度的函数，小于玻璃化转变范围。至少，我们希望尽量减小电路的工作范围和中间层的玻璃化转变温度之间的重叠。
基于技术、功率密度、环境温度和导体电阻，最大的电阻元件温度处于50℃-70℃的范围内。由于仅当环境气温接近冰点时才需要加热电路，因此我们可以将工作范围的下限视为0，尽管对于在寒冷的天气中位于外部开放区域的车辆而言，该下限可能要低得多。因此，理想的中间层将会具有落在0℃至70℃这个范围之外的玻璃化转变温度。如果这样不可行，那么尽量减小重叠区间也将有所帮助。
传统的汽车夹层的Tg为约20℃，使其较好地处于加热电路的工作温度范围内。随着温度升高，如果夹层温度是等温的，则图像将会由于折射率的变化而发生位移，但不会失真。但是从来不会有这种情况，因此会产生失真。
许多聚氨酯塑料中间层都是可用的，它们都符合汽车安全标准，而且也具有明显低于0℃，因此处于加热电路的工作温度范围之外的Tg。当使用这些中间层时，失真会大大降低。同样地，存在有在非常高的温度下仍保持坚硬的层压树脂。这些也减少了热引起的失真。这些种类被定义为热稳定的中间层，其具有的玻璃化转变范围不具有落入加热电路的工作范围内的上限和下限。理想的情况是没有重叠，但是即使有部分重叠，也可以改善失真。
不仅是可以替换摄像头的视野，整片中间层都可以被替换。但由于替代材料的成本较高，因此仅替换摄像头视野中的部分更为经济。
为了制造这种夹层，中间层4的处于摄像头视野中的部分被切开8并去除。切口可以延伸到玻璃的边缘以利于组装。接下来，从具有与切口大致相同的厚度的折射率热稳定的中间层片上，将嵌件22切割成与从切口8区域去除的部分大致相同的尺寸。
当组装夹层板时，将嵌件22放置在中间层片4中的切口区域中。通过精确地切割中间层和嵌件，实现了紧密的匹配，并且出于所有实际目的，分割线在成品夹层板中是不可见的。根据弯曲的玻璃和切口的形状，可能需要用粘接件将嵌件固定在适当的位置。如有需要，可以使用热量(来自烙铁或热风枪)或溶剂(酒精或增塑剂)将中间层4粘接或固定在适当的位置。或者也可以提前制备片材，但是必须提供将***物保持在适当位置的手段。
在一些实施方式中，如图5所示，当夹层板被组装时，将嵌件24放置在薄膜中的切口28中。通过精确地切割薄膜和薄膜嵌件，实现了紧密的匹配，并且出于所有实际目的，分割线在成品夹层板中是不可见的。如有需要，可以将薄膜粘合到中间层上，以利于处理和加工，从而将薄膜嵌件保持在适当的位置。这将取决于弯曲的玻璃的形状，薄膜的类型、以及切口。如有需要，可以使用热量(来自热风枪)或溶剂(酒精或增塑剂)将薄膜嵌件粘合到中间层上。薄膜嵌件消除了切口边缘的失真，除此之外也消除了其他可能发生的突然的厚度变化。
之后即进行装配。施加热量和压力以将玻璃和塑料层永久地粘合在一起。嵌件成为夹层板的永久部分。
实施方式的具体说明
1.图3的挡风玻璃具有2.5mm厚的标准钠钙透明外部玻璃层201和2.1mm的钠钙日光绿色内部玻璃层202。黑色玻璃料6被丝网印刷在第二表面和第四表面上。黑色玻璃料6包围了摄像头的视野32的区域，并且还用于遮蔽成品夹层板中PVB和中间层嵌件22之间的边界。玻璃2的各层被通过重力弯曲工艺进行热弯曲。
在摄像头视野区域32中，在0.76mm厚的PVB塑料粘合中间层4中形成切口8。摄像机视野32的开口在黑色掩蔽部中呈梯形形状，大约为170mm×170mm。使用0.76mm厚的PVB中间层，其带有蓝色渐变色调的遮阳部。AS1线位于摄像头视野中。在PVB 4塑料粘合中间层片中形成比黑色掩蔽部6中的开口大10mm的切口。切除的PVB被去除且不再使用。切割成与切口尺寸近似的嵌件22由热稳定的聚合物制成。在组装弯曲的玻璃层时，该嵌件被放入所述开口中。使用标准的汽车层压设备对组装好的夹层板进行加工，从而嵌件就成为夹层板的永久性部分。银粉加热电路被丝网印刷到内玻璃层202的第四表面上。该电路的功率密度为15瓦/dm2。在起始温度为20℃时，电路的最高温度为65℃。选择Tg低于0℃且玻璃化转变范围与加热电路工作范围的重叠最小的聚氨酯塑料中间层，并将其用于所述嵌件。
2.图4的挡风玻璃具有2.5mm厚的标准钠钙透明外部玻璃层201和2.1mm的钠钙日光绿色内部玻璃层202。黑色玻璃料6被丝网印刷在第二表面和第四表面上。黑色玻璃料6包围了摄像头的视野32的区域，并且还用于遮蔽成品夹层板中PVB和中间层嵌件22之间的边界。玻璃的各层被通过重力弯曲工艺进行热弯曲。
在摄像头视野区域32中，在0.76mm厚的PVB塑料粘合中间层4中形成切口8。摄像机视野32的开口在黑色掩蔽部中呈梯形形状，大约为170mm×170mm。使用0.76mm厚的PVB中间层，其带有蓝色渐变色调的遮阳部。AS1线位于摄像头视野中。在PVB 4塑料粘合中间层片中形成矩形切口，该矩形切口延伸到玻璃边缘比黑色掩蔽部6中的开口大10mm。切除的PVB被去除且不再使用。切割成与切口尺寸近似的嵌件22由热稳定的聚合物制成。在组装弯曲的玻璃层时，该嵌件被放入所述开口中。使用标准的汽车层压设备对组装好的夹层板进行加工，从而嵌件就成为夹层板的永久性部分。银粉加热电路被丝网印刷到内玻璃层202的第四表面上。该电路的功率密度为15瓦/dm2。在起始温度为20℃时，电路的最高温度为65℃。选择Tg低于-20℃且玻璃化转变范围与加热电路工作范围的重叠最小的聚氨酯塑料中间层，并将其用于所述嵌件。
3.图5的挡风玻璃具有2.5mm厚的标准钠钙透明外部玻璃层201和2.1mm的钠钙日光绿色内部玻璃层202。黑色玻璃料6被丝网印刷在第二表面和第四表面上。黑色玻璃料6包围了摄像机的视野32的区域，并且还用来遮蔽成品夹层板中PVB和中间层嵌件22之间的边界。玻璃的各层被通过重力弯曲工艺进行热弯曲。
除遮阳部外，挡风玻璃还包括性能薄膜。需要用第二塑料粘合层来将性能薄膜的相对两面粘合到玻璃层上。使用没有遮阳部的0.38透明PVB片，并且不需要在摄像头视野中进行任何改变。
在摄像头视野区域32中，在0.76mm厚的PVB塑料粘合中间层4中形成切口8。摄像机视野32的开口在黑色掩蔽部中呈梯形形状，大约为170mm×170mm。使用0.76mm厚的PVB中间层，其带有蓝色渐变色调的遮阳部。AS1线位于摄像头视野中。在PVB塑料粘合中间层片4中形成比黑色掩蔽部6中的开口大10mm的切口。切除的PVB被去除且不再使用。切割成与切口尺寸近似的嵌件22由热稳定的聚合物制成。在组装弯曲的玻璃层时，该嵌件被放入所述开口中。
对塑料性能薄膜12重复相同的步骤。在摄像头视野区域32中，在0.3毫米厚的塑料性能薄膜12中形成切口28。切口28比黑色掩蔽部6中的开口大10毫米。性能薄膜中的切口28被去除且不再使用。由一片透明的0.30毫米塑料(PU)制成的嵌件24被切割成与切口28尺寸近似。当组装弯曲的玻璃层时，将嵌件24放置在切口28中。
使用标准的汽车层压设备对组装的夹层板进行加工，从而所述嵌件成为夹层板的永久性部分。塑料中间层嵌件设有由直径20微米的钨丝组成的嵌入式布线电路。该电路的功率密度为15瓦/dm2。在起始温度为20℃时，该电路的最高温度为50℃。选择Tg低于0℃且玻璃化转变范围与加热电路工作范围的重叠最小的聚氨酯塑料中间层，并将其用于所述嵌件。

Claims (10)

1.一种夹层玻璃，包括：
至少两个玻璃层，外玻璃层与内玻璃层；
电阻加热电路，位于所述外玻璃层与内玻璃层之间，加热所述内玻璃层或外玻璃层的至少一部分；
至少一个塑料层，置于所述玻璃层之间，其中所述至少一个塑料层具有切口区域，在该区域中被所述电阻加热电路加热；
嵌件，位于所述外玻璃层与内玻璃层之间，包括具有落在所述电阻加热电路的工作温度范围之外的玻璃化转变范围的中间层，其中所述嵌件具有与相应的塑料层大致相同的厚度；
其中所述嵌件置于所述切口中。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中所述电阻加热电路所在的部分对应于所述夹层玻璃的摄像头视野区域。
3.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中所述具有切口的塑料层为具有遮光带的塑料粘合层。
4.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中所述具有切口的塑料层为性能薄膜。
5.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，包括延伸到玻璃边缘的嵌件。
6.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，包括具有切口的性能薄膜层，但未设置相应嵌件。
7.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中所述夹层玻璃包括红外反射涂层。
8.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中所述夹层玻璃包括冷弯折玻璃层。
9.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中所述嵌件包括聚氨酯中间层。
10.一种车辆，包括如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃。
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