CN112132447A - Calculation power network trust evaluation and guarantee algorithm based on block chain - Google Patents
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Abstract
A block chain-based computing power network trust evaluation and guarantee algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps: step (1) a computing power network user identity registration mechanism method based on a block chain: the users in the computing network comprise a computing provider and a computing consumer, and when the computing consumer joins the computing network, identity registration needs to be completed; when the computing power provider joins the computing power network, identity registration and computing power service registration need to be completed; step (2) a computing power service registration and perception mechanism method based on the block chain: step (3) a calculation network transaction mechanism method based on the block chain: and (4) a reputation evaluation mechanism method based on the block chain. The invention establishes a detailed trust evaluation and guarantee system of the computing power network from a plurality of dimensions of identity trust, behavior trust and the like of users and resources, and provides support for trust and safety management of the computing power network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information, in particular to a block chain-based computing power network trust evaluation and guarantee algorithm.
Background
With the development of 5G and artificial intelligence, the future society can spread over many different scales of computing power at different distances close to users, and various personalized services are provided for the users through a global network. From a billion-magnitude intelligent terminal, to a billion-magnitude home gateway all over the world, to thousands of edge clouds with computing capability brought by future MECs in each city, and to tens of large-scale cloud DCs in each country, a huge amount of ubiquitous computing power is formed, and the internet is accessed from all places, so that a cloud, edge and end three-level computing power architecture is formed, and a development trend of deep integration of computing and networks is formed.
However, under the large trend of network and computing convergence, computationally intensive deployment and coordination expose the following problems:
(1) there is a lack of efficient coordination between edge compute nodes. In the scene of edge calculation and even ubiquitous calculation, the calculation power resources of a single site are limited, the edge sites are not mutually sensed and cannot cooperatively work, and a calculation task cannot be scheduled to an optimal edge node for calculation.
(2) Computing lacks efficient collaboration with the network. In a traditional scheduling scheme, for example, in a current cloud network convergence scheme, a service application layer is decoupled from a network, the application layer cannot accurately grasp the state of the network in real time, the comprehensive performance of an addressing result mainly based on the application layer may not be optimal or even poor, so that the network load is unbalanced, and a service cannot be scheduled to an optimal edge node for service, thereby causing poor service experience.
(3) Cloud computing and edge computing lack efficient coordination. At first, edge computing aims to make up for some short boards of central cloud computing in a part of application scenes at the present stage; in the future, "cloud-edge collaboration" will become an important development trend. Today, the practical application of 5G edge computing is continuously landed, but cloud edge collaboration is still in an exploration phase.
Under the background, the industry proposes a new resource integration scheme of a computing network, which provides an optimal resource allocation and network connection scheme for customer requirements by distributing computing information, storage information, algorithm information and the like of service nodes through a network and combining information such as network states (such as paths, time delays) and the like, and realizes optimal use of resources of the whole network.
However, as an emerging concept, computational networks still have many problems to solve. For example, how to guarantee trusted access to computing resources, how to judge whether the originator of a service request is trusted; in addition, users need to frequently use computing resources and services in a computing network, and therefore how to perform reliable service transactions between a computing provider and a computing consumer is also an unsolved important issue. Although all parties actively advance the research of the computing network, the current computing network still lacks mature security mechanisms similar to those of cloud computing, so that the security risk of participants is increased, and whether the computing network really moves to the application or not is related.
Based on the problems, the technology is designed to develop the key technology research of the algorithm network based on the block chain by means of the characteristics of decentralization, traceability, non-falsification, safety, reliability and the like of the block chain technology, and the algorithm network trust evaluation and guarantee mechanism based on the block chain is designed aiming at the safety and credibility problems possibly existing in the processes of user identity registration and authentication, algorithm service registration and authentication, algorithm perception, algorithm scheduling and transaction and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the chinese telecommunications has constructed a test environment based on new technologies such as SDN, NFV, AI, cloud computing, etc. on the basis of a theoretical research in the early stage, and has designed an "AI computing power network" system capable of providing flexible resource scheduling for AI applications in combination with an AI enabling platform, and its architecture is shown in fig. 1. The system architecture mainly comprises 4 parts: computing power network management orchestration system, enabling platform, edge/core DC, network infrastructure. In addition, the AI computing network adopts a transaction flow similar to power grid transaction, and a user orders computing resources to obtain corresponding services according to the steps of 'requirement providing-computing network transaction platform providing alternatives-user selection scheme-computing network transaction platform scheduling resources-settlement after transaction is finished'. The AI computational network can automatically analyze the hierarchical requirements posed by the user and allocate appropriate underlying resources. An example of an AI computing power network transaction processing flow is shown in fig. 2.
In the technology, the proposed AI computational power network framework considers the problems of deep fusion and flexible scheduling of cloud, network and edge three-level computational power in a centralized manner, but does not consider the problem of security and credibility in the computational power network. Under the scenes of a large amount of heterogeneous resource access and frequent use of computing resources of a computing power network by a user, the problems of the security and the credibility of the computing power network mainly comprise credible identity authentication of the user, credible access of the heterogeneous computing power resources, credible service of the computing power resources, high-efficiency credible computing power service transaction and settlement and the like.
As shown in FIG. 3, the edge computing system is optimized for the user application demand characteristics based on one of the core challenges of edge computing, namely privacy trust and security assurance issues. An evaluation system based on the comprehensive trust degree is constructed by integrating 3 aspects of identity trust, behavior trust and capability trust of users and resources into the comprehensive trust degree, and a resource optimization scheduling algorithm based on the comprehensive trust is designed and realized: a Mobile Resource Aware (MRA) scheduling algorithm that guarantees edge computing resource management and co-optimization using trust evaluation.
The comprehensive degree of trust proposed by the technique in fig. 3 is applicable to edge computing scenarios, but not fully applicable to computational network scenarios. The second prior art only provides a concept of identity trust, and does not provide a specific solution for how to realize identity trust. Secondly, the evaluation scheme of behavior trust and capability trust provided by the second prior art is too simple, the evaluation dimension is too simple, and the performance of the scheme under the conditions of reentry attack, collusion commenting, unfair rating and the like is not verified. In addition, the technology does not carry out research on the transmission and storage of the trust level, and the characteristics of traceability, non-tampering and the like of the trust level are not ensured. In summary, this approach does not fundamentally address the trust problem of edge computing.
Disclosure of Invention
The algorithm for evaluating and guaranteeing the trust of the computing power network based on the block chain establishes a detailed system for evaluating and guaranteeing the trust of the computing power network from multiple dimensions of identity trust, behavior trust and the like of users and resources, and provides support for trust and safety management of the computing power network.
The present invention will be developed around these security and credibility problems. Aiming at the possible safety and credibility problems of the computing network in user identity registration and authentication, computing service registration and authentication, computing power perception, computing power scheduling and transaction, the invention respectively designs a computing network user identity registration mechanism, a computing power service registration and perception mechanism, a computing power network transaction mechanism and a computing power service credit evaluation mechanism based on block chains by means of a block chain technology, thereby providing a solution for the safety and credibility of the computing power network.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a block chain-based computing power network trust evaluation and guarantee algorithm comprises the following steps:
step (1) a computing power network user identity registration mechanism method based on a block chain:
the users in the computing network comprise a computing provider and a computing consumer, and when the computing consumer joins the computing network, identity registration needs to be completed; when the computing power provider joins the computing power network, identity registration and computing power service registration need to be completed;
step (2) a computing power service registration and perception mechanism method based on the block chain:
step (3) a calculation network transaction mechanism method based on the block chain:
step (4) a reputation evaluation mechanism method based on block chains: by utilizing the traceability of the block chain technology, the credit value of the computational power service can be obtained by calculating the historical transaction evaluation score, the calculation of the single transaction evaluation score is completed, and then a time-varying credit value calculation method based on the forgetting factor is carried out on the basis.
The algorithm network user identity registration mechanism method based on the block chain in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
step (1.1) a user generates a digital certificate, the certificate needs to adopt an international standard X.509 format, and an identifier is added in an extension item, so that query is facilitated; storing a private key corresponding to the certificate at the user side;
step (1.2) certificate user initiates identity registration request to the computational power network arrangement management platform, the request includes user's digital certificate and information needed for verifying certificate; if the certificate entity user applies for the personal real-name certificate, information for verifying the personal identity of the user, such as resident identity information, needs to be submitted;
step (1.3) the computing power network arrangement management platform collects the certificate application request of the user, verifies the legality of the certificate according to the information submitted by the user, and judges whether the user has the qualification of joining the computing power network by combining the admission rule of the computing power network;
if the judgment is successful, sending the user certificate to any node in the block chain network in the form of 'identification-certificate state'; if the registration fails, returning registration failure information to the user;
step (1.5) after the user certificate information is sent to the block chain network, the verification node completes the chain operation of the certificate; the verification node runs a preset block chain consensus mechanism, takes all current 'identification-certificate states' which are not included in the blocks as transaction records in the block chain, packs the transaction records into blocks and sends the blocks to all nodes of the block chain; after other nodes in the network receive the new block, verifying the correctness of the block and each record in the block, and if the correctness is ensured, adding the new block into a locally stored distributed account book; otherwise, discarding the new block;
step (1.6), after finishing the chain operation of the certificate, the blockchain network returns registration success information to the computational power network arrangement management platform; and then, the computing network arrangement management platform informs the identity registration success information to the user.
The algorithm service registration and perception mechanism method based on the block chain in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
and (2.1) after the computing power provider finishes identity registration, continuously sending a computing power service registration request to the computing power network arrangement management platform. The registration request includes a certificate identifier, a certificate, computing power service information, and request signature information. Computing powerThe information includes static characteristic information and dynamic characteristic information. Static information is generally fixed during registration and is not easy to change, and mainly comprises a service IP (Internet protocol) and a port number, a computing node type, CPU (Central processing Unit)/GPU (graphics processing Unit) performance, storage capacity, network interface bandwidth, charging standard and the like; the dynamic characteristics mainly comprise some calculation load information which is updated at any time in the process of the computing power transaction, such as the number of the current online service instances, the CPU/GPU/memory utilization rate, the current connection number and the like[5]。
And (2.2) after the computing power network arrangement management platform receives the computing power service registration request, inquiring the user certificate and the certificate state information stored in the distributed account book in the user registration stage from the block link points according to the certificate identification.
And (2.3) after the computing power network arrangement management platform obtains the user certificate information, firstly checking the legality and validity of the digital qualification certificate information. The validity verification of the certificate comprises whether the certificate is in a validity period, whether the name of the certificate is consistent with the claimed name and the like; secondly, signature information of the service registration request is checked, whether the registration request is sent by the user or not is judged, and whether the authentication request is tampered in the transmission process or not is judged. If the verification total number passes, the computing power network arrangement management platform checks the computing power service to be registered according to the computing power network computing power service admission rule.
And (2.4) if the computing power service is approved, performing the following operations: allocating service ID for the force calculation service according to the force calculation service registration information and giving an initial reputation value of the service. The initial reputation value can be determined according to the real-name condition of the user, the reputation value changes along with the user evaluation after the trading of the computational power service, and details about the reputation value evaluation are described in the fourth subsection, "reputation evaluation mechanism based on block chain"; secondly, the credit value of the computing power service is sent to the block chain node in the form of 'identification-service ID-initial credit value', and the credit value information is stored in the block chain by the verification node; storing the calculation service information into a calculation service registry; and fourthly, returning the successful information of the calculation ability service registration to the user.
And (2.5) if the verification in the step (2.3) is not passed or the computing service does not have the admittance qualification, returning registration failure information to the user.
The step (2.5) is followed by the following steps:
after the service is started, regular heartbeat is still required to be sent to the computational power network arrangement management platform regularly, and the computational load information is updated; if the computing power awareness module does not receive a periodic heartbeat from the service, a delete operation of an instance in a registry on the computing power awareness module is triggered.
The algorithm network transaction mechanism method based on the block chain in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
step (3.1) the computing power consumption direction initiates a service request to the computing power network arrangement management platform, wherein the service request comprises service demand information, a certificate identifier of a user and service request signature information;
step (3.2) after the computing power network arrangement management platform receives the service request, inquiring the certificate information of the user from the block chain according to the certificate identification;
and (3.3) after the certificate information of the user is obtained, the computational force network management platform verifies the validity and validity of the digital qualification certificate information and the service request signature information. The check is the same as the check in the computing force service registry;
after the user identity information is verified, the computational power network arrangement management platform selects a computational power service scheduling strategy (the scheduling strategy should consider the comprehensive requirements of the user on computational power, network, price and computational power service credit value) according to the service requirement information in the user request, and carries out computational power service scheduling decision to match the optimal computational power provider and network connection for the user;
step (3.5) after the computing power network arrangement management platform completes the scheduling decision, making a service electronic contract for both transaction parties; the content of the service electronic contract comprises a calculation power consumer, a calculation power provider, resource demand information, charging standards (such as charging according to the duration of application deployment and use or the number of times of calling), service after-sale clause information and the like;
step (3.6) after the computing power network arrangement management platform generates a service electronic contract, the contract is sequentially sent to a user and a service provider, both parties sign the contract in an authorized signature mode, and the contract information after the authorized signature is returned to the arrangement management platform; the arrangement management platform inquires certificate information of a user from the blockchain according to the certificate identification, extracts a public key in the certificate and verifies contract information of the authorized signature;
after the verification of the step (3.7) is passed, sending the contract information to the block chain nodes and storing the contract information in the block chain distributed account book;
step (3.8) maintaining the service electronic contract through the block chain intelligent contract, wherein the contract maintenance comprises the following steps: after the transaction is finished, transaction settlement and charge transfer are carried out according to the charging standard in the contract; collecting the grade of the user to the provider of the transaction and the grade of the supervision institution to the provider according to the content of the service contract and the completion degree of the provider, obtaining the evaluation grade of the transaction of the provider based on the two grades, and calculating and updating the credit value of the provider according to a time-varying credit value calculation method based on a forgetting factor.
The reputation evaluation mechanism method based on the block chain in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
step (4.1) method for evaluating scores in single transaction:
single transaction evaluation by user evaluation EtraderAnd the supervision authorities evaluate EregTwo parts are formed;
the user evaluation factor set may be expressed as D ═ D1,d2,d3,...,dnN is the dimension of the evaluation factor, which may be the completion of the computation, time consumption, price reasonableness, etc., and the weight set of each evaluation factor may be represented as W ═ W1,w2,w3,...,wnThe evaluation level space may be defined as U ═ U1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6In which u1,u2,...,u6Respectively shows that the quantized values are 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1; if the user rates the transaction factor as R ═ R1,r2,r3,...,rn|rnE.g., U }, the user's evaluation score for a transaction can be expressed as:
Emader＝W*R＝(s1，s2，...，sn)；
in addition, every time the transaction is completed, the supervision organization compares the completion condition of the provider with each index agreed by the service contract and gives an evaluation score E for the servicereg；
Identifying the transaction by time, the valuation score obtained for a transaction completed at time t may be expressed as:
Eseller(t)＝wf1×Reptrader(t)+wf2×Repreg(t)
wherein wf1, wf2 are weight factors of the evaluation components; the weighting factors may be adjusted based on the particular transaction type;
step (4.2) time-varying credit value calculation method based on forgetting factor
Based on the definition of Gambetta on trust, a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on a forgetting factor is adopted in the text to adapt to a computational power network transaction event; in this calculation method, the latest transaction has a higher calculation weight than the previous transaction;
as can be seen from the above introduction of the single transaction valuation score, the provider is at t0-tnOver time, the evaluation score for each transaction completed may be represented as Eseller(t0),Eseller(t1),……,Eseller(tn) And weighting and accumulating the evaluation scores to obtain the point t of the providernReputation value R (t) of time of dayn) It can be expressed as:
weight value beta (t) of evaluation score per transactionn-t) because of the forgetting property in time, i.e. distance tnThe transaction evaluation score which is closer at the moment has a higher weight value, so the transaction evaluation score is called a forgetting factor; beta (t) should be a function which decays with increasing timeNumbers, e.g. β (t) ═ e-f(t)。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
by means of characteristics of decentralization, traceability, non-falsification, safety and reliability and the like of a block chain, computing network user identity registration and authentication, computing service registration, authentication and perception, a computing network transaction mechanism, a computing network credit evaluation mechanism and other computing network key technologies under a centralized computing network architecture are researched, malicious behaviors such as reentry attack, collusion attack, unfair rating and the like are effectively prevented, trusted access of users and computing resources and trusted transaction of a computing provider and a computing consumer are guaranteed, and support is provided for trust evaluation and guarantee of a computing network.
And a user identity registration and authentication mechanism of the computing network based on the block chain. The invention provides an identity registration and authentication mechanism of a computing resource provider and a computing network resource consumer in a computing network, and effectively prevents possible reentry attacks in computing network transactions.
A blockchain based computing power service registration and awareness mechanism. The invention provides a registration and perception mechanism of a computing power service in a computing power network, ensures the credible access of heterogeneous resources and provides credible access guarantee for the computing power network.
A block chain based computational network transaction mechanism.
The invention provides a credible transaction mechanism in a computing network, which is based on the scheduling of a computing network arrangement management platform and is combined with a block chain intelligent contract to ensure the credible transaction and credible settlement of the computing network.
A block chain based reputation evaluation mechanism. The invention provides a credit value evaluation mechanism of the computational power network based on forgetting factors, which effectively prevents collusion attack and unfair rating possibly suffered in the transaction process of the computational power network and ensures the credible transaction of the computational power network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art AI computational power network framework.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of AI network traffic processing flow in the prior art.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a prior art edge computing trust assurance architecture.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a user registration process of the computing power network of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a computing network computing service registration process according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a computing network transaction process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, a block chain-based algorithm for trust evaluation and guarantee of a computational power network includes the following steps:
step (1) a computing power network user identity registration mechanism method based on a block chain:
the users in the computing network comprise a computing provider and a computing consumer, and when the computing consumer joins the computing network, identity registration needs to be completed; when the computing power provider joins the computing power network, identity registration and computing power service registration need to be completed;
step (2) a computing power service registration and perception mechanism method based on the block chain:
step (3) a calculation network transaction mechanism method based on the block chain:
step (4) a reputation evaluation mechanism method based on block chains: by utilizing the traceability of the block chain technology, the credit value of the computational power service can be obtained by calculating the historical transaction evaluation score, the calculation of the single transaction evaluation score is completed, and then a time-varying credit value calculation method based on the forgetting factor is carried out on the basis.
The algorithm network user identity registration mechanism method based on the block chain in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
step (1.1) a user generates a digital certificate, the certificate needs to adopt an international standard X.509 format, and an identifier is added in an extension item, so that query is facilitated; storing a private key corresponding to the certificate at the user side;
step (1.2) certificate user initiates identity registration request to the computational power network arrangement management platform, the request includes user's digital certificate and information needed for verifying certificate; if the certificate entity user applies for the personal real-name certificate, information for verifying the personal identity of the user, such as resident identity information, needs to be submitted;
step (1.3) the computing power network arrangement management platform collects the certificate application request of the user, verifies the legality of the certificate according to the information submitted by the user, and judges whether the user has the qualification of joining the computing power network by combining the admission rule of the computing power network;
if the judgment is successful, sending the user certificate to any node in the block chain network in the form of 'identification-certificate state'; if the registration fails, returning registration failure information to the user;
step (1.5) after the user certificate information is sent to the block chain network, the verification node completes the chain operation of the certificate; the verification node runs a preset block chain consensus mechanism, takes all current 'identification-certificate states' which are not included in the blocks as transaction records in the block chain, packs the transaction records into blocks and sends the blocks to all nodes of the block chain; after other nodes in the network receive the new block, verifying the correctness of the block and each record in the block, and if the correctness is ensured, adding the new block into a locally stored distributed account book; otherwise, discarding the new block;
step (1.6), after finishing the chain operation of the certificate, the blockchain network returns registration success information to the computational power network arrangement management platform; and then, the computing network arrangement management platform informs the identity registration success information to the user.
The algorithm service registration and perception mechanism method based on the block chain in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
and (2.1) after the computing power provider finishes identity registration, continuously sending a computing power service registration request to the computing power network arrangement management platform. The registration request includes a certificate identifier, a certificate, computing power service information, and request signature information. The computing power information includes static feature information and dynamic feature information. The static information is generally fixed during registration and is not easily changed, and mainly comprises service IP and port number, computing node type, CPU/GPU performance, storage capacity, network interface bandwidth,Charging criteria, etc.; the dynamic characteristics mainly comprise some calculation load information which is updated at any time in the process of the computing power transaction, such as the number of the current online service instances, the CPU/GPU/memory utilization rate, the current connection number and the like[5]。
And (2.2) after the computing power network arrangement management platform receives the computing power service registration request, inquiring the user certificate and the certificate state information stored in the distributed account book in the user registration stage from the block link points according to the certificate identification.
And (2.3) after the computing power network arrangement management platform obtains the user certificate information, firstly checking the legality and validity of the digital qualification certificate information. The validity verification of the certificate comprises whether the certificate is in a validity period, whether the name of the certificate is consistent with the claimed name and the like; secondly, signature information of the service registration request is checked, whether the registration request is sent by the user or not is judged, and whether the authentication request is tampered in the transmission process or not is judged. If the verification total number passes, the computing power network arrangement management platform checks the computing power service to be registered according to the computing power network computing power service admission rule.
And (2.4) if the computing power service is approved, performing the following operations: allocating service ID for the force calculation service according to the force calculation service registration information and giving an initial reputation value of the service. The initial reputation value can be determined according to the real-name condition of the user, the reputation value changes along with the user evaluation after the trading of the computational power service, and details about the reputation value evaluation are described in the fourth subsection, "reputation evaluation mechanism based on block chain"; secondly, the credit value of the computing power service is sent to the block chain node in the form of 'identification-service ID-initial credit value', and the credit value information is stored in the block chain by the verification node; storing the calculation service information into a calculation service registry; and fourthly, returning the successful information of the calculation ability service registration to the user.
And (2.5) if the verification in the step (2.3) is not passed or the computing service does not have the admittance qualification, returning registration failure information to the user.
The step (2.5) is followed by the following steps:
after the service is started, regular heartbeat is still required to be sent to the computational power network arrangement management platform regularly, and the computational load information is updated; if the computing power awareness module does not receive a periodic heartbeat from the service, a delete operation of an instance in a registry on the computing power awareness module is triggered.
The algorithm network transaction mechanism method based on the block chain in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
step (3.1) the computing power consumption direction initiates a service request to the computing power network arrangement management platform, wherein the service request comprises service demand information, a certificate identifier of a user and service request signature information;
step (3.2) after the computing power network arrangement management platform receives the service request, inquiring the certificate information of the user from the block chain according to the certificate identification;
and (3.3) after the certificate information of the user is obtained, the computational force network management platform verifies the validity and validity of the digital qualification certificate information and the service request signature information. The check is the same as the check in the computing force service registry;
after the user identity information is verified, the computational power network arrangement management platform selects a computational power service scheduling strategy (the scheduling strategy should consider the comprehensive requirements of the user on computational power, network, price and computational power service credit value) according to the service requirement information in the user request, and carries out computational power service scheduling decision to match the optimal computational power provider and network connection for the user;
step (3.5) after the computing power network arrangement management platform completes the scheduling decision, making a service electronic contract for both transaction parties; the content of the service electronic contract comprises a calculation power consumer, a calculation power provider, resource demand information, charging standards (such as charging according to the duration of application deployment and use or the number of times of calling), service after-sale clause information and the like;
step (3.6) after the computing power network arrangement management platform generates a service electronic contract, the contract is sequentially sent to a user and a service provider, both parties sign the contract in an authorized signature mode, and the contract information after the authorized signature is returned to the arrangement management platform; the arrangement management platform inquires certificate information of a user from the blockchain according to the certificate identification, extracts a public key in the certificate and verifies contract information of the authorized signature;
after the verification of the step (3.7) is passed, sending the contract information to the block chain nodes and storing the contract information in the block chain distributed account book;
step (3.8) maintaining the service electronic contract through the block chain intelligent contract, wherein the contract maintenance comprises the following steps: after the transaction is finished, transaction settlement and charge transfer are carried out according to the charging standard in the contract; collecting the grade of the user to the provider of the transaction and the grade of the supervision institution to the provider according to the content of the service contract and the completion degree of the provider, obtaining the evaluation grade of the transaction of the provider based on the two grades, and calculating and updating the credit value of the provider according to a time-varying credit value calculation method based on a forgetting factor.
The reputation evaluation mechanism method based on the block chain in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
step (4.1) method for evaluating scores in single transaction:
single transaction evaluation by user evaluation EtraderAnd the supervision authorities evaluate EregTwo parts are formed;
the user evaluation factor set may be expressed as D ═ D1,d2,d3,...,dnN is the dimension of the evaluation factor, which may be the completion of the computation, time consumption, price reasonableness, etc., and the weight set of each evaluation factor may be represented as W ═ W1,w2,w3,...,wnThe evaluation level space may be defined as U ═ U1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6In which u1,u2,...,u6Respectively shows that the quantized values are 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1; if the user rates the transaction factor as R ═ R1,r2,r3,...,rn|rnE.g., U }, the user's evaluation score for a transaction can be expressed as:
Emader＝W*R＝(s1，s2，…，sn)；
in addition, every time the transaction is completed, the supervision organization compares the completion condition of the provider with each index agreed by the service contract and gives an evaluation score E for the servicereg；
Identifying the transaction by time, the valuation score obtained for a transaction completed at time t may be expressed as:
Eseller(t)＝wf1×Reptrader(t)+wf2×Repreg(t)
wherein wf1, wf2 are weight factors of the evaluation components; the weighting factors may be adjusted based on the particular transaction type;
step (4.2) time-varying credit value calculation method based on forgetting factor
Based on the definition of Gambetta on trust, a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on a forgetting factor is adopted in the text to adapt to a computational power network transaction event; in this calculation method, the latest transaction has a higher calculation weight than the previous transaction;
as can be seen from the above introduction of the single transaction valuation score, the provider is at t0-tnOver time, the evaluation score for each transaction completed may be represented as Eseller(t0),Eseller(t1),……,Eseller(tn) And weighting and accumulating the evaluation scores to obtain the point t of the providernReputation value R (t) of time of dayn) It can be expressed as:
weight value beta (t) of evaluation score per transactionn-t) because of the forgetting property in time, i.e. distance tnThe transaction evaluation score which is closer at the moment has a higher weight value, so the transaction evaluation score is called a forgetting factor; beta (t) should be a function which decays with increasing time, e.g. beta (t) e-f(t)。
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A block chain-based computing power network trust evaluation and guarantee algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1) a computing power network user identity registration mechanism method based on a block chain:
the users in the computing network comprise a computing provider and a computing consumer, and when the computing consumer joins the computing network, identity registration needs to be completed; when the computing power provider joins the computing power network, identity registration and computing power service registration need to be completed;
step (2) a computing power service registration and perception mechanism method based on the block chain:
step (3) a calculation network transaction mechanism method based on the block chain:
step (4) a reputation evaluation mechanism method based on block chains: by utilizing the traceability of the block chain technology, the credit value of the computational power service can be obtained by calculating the historical transaction evaluation score, the calculation of the single transaction evaluation score is completed, and then a time-varying credit value calculation method based on the forgetting factor is carried out on the basis.
2. The algorithm for assessing and guaranteeing trust of a blockchain-based computing power network according to claim 1, wherein the method for registering the identity of the user of the blockchain-based computing power network in step (1) comprises the following steps:
step (1.1) a user generates a digital certificate, the certificate needs to adopt an international standard X.509 format, and an identifier is added in an extension item, so that query is facilitated; storing a private key corresponding to the certificate at the user side;
step (1.2) certificate user initiates identity registration request to the computational power network arrangement management platform, the request includes user's digital certificate and information needed for verifying certificate; if the certificate entity user applies for the personal real-name certificate, information for verifying the personal identity of the user, such as resident identity information, needs to be submitted;
step (1.3) the computing power network arrangement management platform collects the certificate application request of the user, verifies the legality of the certificate according to the information submitted by the user, and judges whether the user has the qualification of joining the computing power network by combining the admission rule of the computing power network;
if the judgment is successful, sending the user certificate to any node in the block chain network in the form of 'identification-certificate state'; if the registration fails, returning registration failure information to the user;
step (1.5) after the user certificate information is sent to the block chain network, the verification node completes the chain operation of the certificate; the verification node runs a preset block chain consensus mechanism, takes all current 'identification-certificate states' which are not included in the blocks as transaction records in the block chain, packs the transaction records into blocks and sends the blocks to all nodes of the block chain; after other nodes in the network receive the new block, verifying the correctness of the block and each record in the block, and if the correctness is ensured, adding the new block into a locally stored distributed account book; otherwise, discarding the new block;
step (1.6), after finishing the chain operation of the certificate, the blockchain network returns registration success information to the computational power network arrangement management platform; and then, the computing network arrangement management platform informs the identity registration success information to the user.
3. The algorithm for assessing and guaranteeing trust of a blockchain-based computing power network according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of the method for registering and sensing a blockchain-based computing power service comprises the following steps:
and (2.1) after the computing power provider finishes identity registration, continuously sending a computing power service registration request to the computing power network arrangement management platform. The registration request includes a certificate identifier, a certificate, computing power service information, and request signature information. Computing power information including static stateCharacteristic information and dynamic characteristic information. Static information is generally fixed during registration and is not easy to change, and mainly comprises a service IP (Internet protocol) and a port number, a computing node type, CPU (Central processing Unit)/GPU (graphics processing Unit) performance, storage capacity, network interface bandwidth, charging standard and the like; the dynamic characteristics mainly comprise some calculation load information which is updated at any time in the process of the computing power transaction, such as the number of the current online service instances, the CPU/GPU/memory utilization rate, the current connection number and the like[5]。
And (2.2) after the computing power network arrangement management platform receives the computing power service registration request, inquiring the user certificate and the certificate state information stored in the distributed account book in the user registration stage from the block link points according to the certificate identification.
And (2.3) after the computing power network arrangement management platform obtains the user certificate information, firstly checking the legality and validity of the digital qualification certificate information. The validity verification of the certificate comprises whether the certificate is in a validity period, whether the name of the certificate is consistent with the claimed name and the like; secondly, signature information of the service registration request is checked, whether the registration request is sent by the user or not is judged, and whether the authentication request is tampered in the transmission process or not is judged. If the verification total number passes, the computing power network arrangement management platform checks the computing power service to be registered according to the computing power network computing power service admission rule.
And (2.4) if the computing power service is approved, performing the following operations: allocating service ID for the force calculation service according to the force calculation service registration information and giving an initial reputation value of the service. The initial reputation value can be determined according to the real-name condition of the user, the reputation value changes along with the user evaluation after the trading of the computational power service, and details about the reputation value evaluation are described in the fourth subsection, "reputation evaluation mechanism based on block chain"; secondly, the credit value of the computing power service is sent to the block chain node in the form of 'identification-service ID-initial credit value', and the credit value information is stored in the block chain by the verification node; storing the calculation service information into a calculation service registry; and fourthly, returning the successful information of the calculation ability service registration to the user.
And (2.5) if the verification in the step (2.3) is not passed or the computing service does not have the admittance qualification, returning registration failure information to the user.
4. The algorithm for assessing and guaranteeing trust in a blockchain-based computing power network as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step (2.5) is followed by the steps of:
after the service is started, regular heartbeat is still required to be sent to the computational power network arrangement management platform regularly, and the computational load information is updated; if the computing power awareness module does not receive a periodic heartbeat from the service, a delete operation of an instance in a registry on the computing power awareness module is triggered.
5. The algorithm for assessing and guaranteeing the trust of the algorithm based on the blockchain according to claim 1, wherein the algorithm for trading the algorithm based on the blockchain in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
step (3.1) the computing power consumption direction initiates a service request to the computing power network arrangement management platform, wherein the service request comprises service demand information, a certificate identifier of a user and service request signature information;
step (3.2) after the computing power network arrangement management platform receives the service request, inquiring the certificate information of the user from the block chain according to the certificate identification;
and (3.3) after the certificate information of the user is obtained, the computational force network management platform verifies the validity and validity of the digital qualification certificate information and the service request signature information. The check is the same as the check in the computing force service registry;
after the user identity information is verified, the computational power network arrangement management platform selects a computational power service scheduling strategy (the scheduling strategy should consider the comprehensive requirements of the user on computational power, network, price and computational power service credit value) according to the service requirement information in the user request, and carries out computational power service scheduling decision to match the optimal computational power provider and network connection for the user;
step (3.5) after the computing power network arrangement management platform completes the scheduling decision, making a service electronic contract for both transaction parties; the content of the service electronic contract comprises a calculation power consumer, a calculation power provider, resource demand information, charging standards (such as charging according to the duration of application deployment and use or the number of times of calling), service after-sale clause information and the like;
step (3.6) after the computing power network arrangement management platform generates a service electronic contract, the contract is sequentially sent to a user and a service provider, both parties sign the contract in an authorized signature mode, and the contract information after the authorized signature is returned to the arrangement management platform; the arrangement management platform inquires certificate information of a user from the blockchain according to the certificate identification, extracts a public key in the certificate and verifies contract information of the authorized signature;
after the verification of the step (3.7) is passed, sending the contract information to the block chain nodes and storing the contract information in the block chain distributed account book;
step (3.8) maintaining the service electronic contract through the block chain intelligent contract, wherein the contract maintenance comprises the following steps: after the transaction is finished, transaction settlement and charge transfer are carried out according to the charging standard in the contract; collecting the grade of the user to the provider of the transaction and the grade of the supervision institution to the provider according to the content of the service contract and the completion degree of the provider, obtaining the evaluation grade of the transaction of the provider based on the two grades, and calculating and updating the credit value of the provider according to a time-varying credit value calculation method based on a forgetting factor.
6. The algorithm for trust evaluation and guarantee of a computation power network based on a block chain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the block chain-based reputation evaluation mechanism method in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps:
step (4.1) method for evaluating scores in single transaction:
single transaction evaluation by user evaluation EtraderAnd the supervision authorities evaluate EregTwo parts are formed;
the user evaluation factor set may be expressed as D ═ D1,d2,d3,...,dnN is the dimension of the evaluation factor, which may be the completion of the computation, time consumption, price reasonableness, etc., and the weight set of each evaluation factor may be represented as W ═ W1,w2,w3,...,wnThe evaluation level space may be defined as U ═ U1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6In which u1,u2,...,u6Respectively shows that the quantized values are 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 and 1; if the user rates the transaction factor as R ═ R1,r2,r3,...,rn|rnE.g., U }, the user's evaluation score for a transaction can be expressed as:
Etrader＝W*R＝(s1，s2，...，sn)；
in addition, every time the transaction is completed, the supervision organization compares the completion condition of the provider with each index agreed by the service contract and gives an evaluation score E for the servicereg；
Identifying the transaction by time, the valuation score obtained for a transaction completed at time t may be expressed as:
Eseller(t)＝wf1×Reptrader(t)+wf2×Repreg(t)
wherein wf1, wf2 are weight factors of the evaluation components; the weighting factors may be adjusted based on the particular transaction type;
step (4.2) time-varying credit value calculation method based on forgetting factor
Based on the definition of Gambetta on trust, a time-varying reputation value calculation method based on a forgetting factor is adopted in the text to adapt to a computational power network transaction event; in this calculation method, the latest transaction has a higher calculation weight than the previous transaction;
as can be seen from the above introduction of the single transaction valuation score, the provider is at t0-tnOver time, the evaluation score for each transaction completed may be represented as Eseller(t0),Eseller(t1),……,Eseller(tn) And weighting and accumulating the evaluation scores to obtain the point t of the providernReputation value R (t) of time of dayn) It can be expressed as:
weight value beta (t) of evaluation score per transactionn-t) because of the forgetting property in time, i.e. distance tnThe transaction evaluation score which is closer at the moment has a higher weight value, so the transaction evaluation score is called a forgetting factor; beta (t) should be a function which decays with increasing time, e.g. beta (t) e-f(t)。
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