CN112117476A - Distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated method and device - Google Patents

Distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112117476A
CN112117476A CN202010669344.7A CN202010669344A CN112117476A CN 112117476 A CN112117476 A CN 112117476A CN 202010669344 A CN202010669344 A CN 202010669344A CN 112117476 A CN112117476 A CN 112117476A
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anode
cathode
reaction chamber
reaction
biomass gasification
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肖睿
刘攀笏
曾德望
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated device, which organically combines a solid oxide fuel cell with a fluidized bed electrode and biomass gasification, and the integrated device is a cylinder, and the device comprises: the system comprises a biomass gasification reaction chamber, an SOFC fluidized bed anode reaction chamber, an SOFC packed bed cathode reaction chamber and an external circuit. Also provides a method for realizing the integration of biomass gasification and power generation by using the device. Compared with the prior art, the fluidized bed electrode in the device can improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the SOFC; the three rows and three columns of electrodes which are distributed in a staggered manner enable the chemical reaction of the fuel cell to be more sufficient, and simultaneously, the energy density of the cell is greatly improved; the method for integrating gasification and power generation saves a pipeline between a gasification system and a power generation system in the traditional process, greatly simplifies the process flow, greatly improves the energy output efficiency, and has low investment and operation cost.

Description

Distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated method and device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to biomass gasification and fluidized bed electrode solid oxide fuel cells, and particularly relates to a distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated method and device.
Technical Field
Fuel cells can be classified into Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs), Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs), Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) according to the difference in electrolyte. The SOFC uses solid oxide as electrolyte, and both the cathode and the anode are solid materials, so that the SOFC is an all-solid-state battery and has unique advantages and characteristics. The electrolyte of the SOFC can not leak, the fuel adaptability is good, the pollution is small, the energy conversion efficiency is high, a precious metal catalyst is not needed, and the material cost is low. However, the anode reaction of the SOFC is complex, and has many influencing factors, and the anode reaction is more obstructed compared with the cathode, and further affects the output performance of the battery, so a good method is needed to ensure the smooth proceeding of the anode reaction. Meanwhile, the energy density of the traditional fuel cell is not high, and if the energy density is improved through series-parallel connection, the complexity of a circuit and the instability of a fuel cell system are greatly increased. Therefore, in this context, if the multiple electrodes can be integrated, the energy density can be improved.
Fluidized bed electrode uses fluidizing medium to fluidize catalyst particles and electrolyte particles, because of the violent disturbance of bed layer particles, the bed material concentration is very uniform, the electrolyte particles have huge electrode activation area and high mass transfer rate, the fluidization of catalyst particles greatly improves the contact area and contact time, the catalytic effect is greatly improved, and simultaneously the fluidized bed electrode also has the advantages of uniform distribution of temperature and overpotential in the bed. Based on the advantages of SOFC and fluidized bed electrodes, the power generation performance of SOFC can be greatly improved if the two can be combined.
The biomass reserve is huge, the gasification can ensure higher thermal efficiency, the gasification equipment has low cost and is easy to control pollutants, and the method is a good way for converting low-grade energy into high-grade energy. The traditional fixed bed gasification has small treatment amount and low gas production efficiency, the reaction rate and the gas production efficiency can be greatly improved by fluidized bed gasification, steam can be used as a gasification agent, and gasification products comprise CO and H2、CH4Etc. of combustible gases, these products being useful as fuelAnd the anode reactant of the fuel cell directly participates in the anode reaction of the SOFC. Conventional gasification-fuel cell power generation systems require piping between the two, adding to process complexity and capital cost. If the biomass gasification of the fluidized bed, the SOFC and the fuel electrode of the fluidized bed can be organically combined into a whole, the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the biomass can be realized, the gasification and the power generation are combined into a whole, the system is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the high-efficiency output of the energy is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the biomass gasification gas is directly supplied to the SOFC anode, the SOFC energy density is improved through multi-row staggered distribution, fluidized bed biomass gasification and fluidized bed SOFC are combined by adopting the fluidized bed anode and the packed bed cathode, and a simple and efficient biomass gasification and power generation integrated method and device are provided.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a distributed biomass gasification power generation integrated apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a biomass gasification chamber, an anode reaction chamber, a cathode reaction chamber and an external circuit, wherein two sides of the biomass gasification chamber are connected with an external biomass feeder, the bottom of the biomass gasification chamber is connected with a superheated steam supply pipeline, and the device is connected with a waste heat utilization device (such as a waste heat boiler).
Preferably, the anode reaction chamber and the biomass gasification chamber are not physically separated and have no obvious limit, the product gas after biomass gasification directly participates in the anode reaction, air or oxygen is introduced into the cathode reaction chamber to participate in the cathode reaction, and the composite diaphragm is connected with the cathode and the anode to form a battery loop for supplying power to the outside.
Preferably, the biomass gasification chamber comprises a gasification chamber-anode air distribution plate and a biomass particle inlet.
Preferably, the cathode reaction chambers are distributed in three rows and three columns in a staggered manner, 9 cathode reaction chambers in total cross the device, each cathode reaction chamber comprises a cathode air distribution plate, a cathode rod, a cathode current collector and a honeycomb ceramic plate, the cathode reaction chambers adopt packed bed packing, the packing in the cathode packed bed comprises a cathode catalyst and electrolyte, and the cathode reaction chambers are wrapped by composite diaphragms and are in contact with the anode reaction chambers.
Preferably, the anode reaction chamber comprises an anode rod, an anode current collector, an auxiliary heater, correspondingly staggered cathode reaction chambers, and the anode current collector and the anode rod are also staggered in three rows and three columns next to the composite membrane in the anode reaction chamber. The anode employs a fluidized bed electrode, the bed material comprising an anode catalyst and an electrolyte, and superheated steam is used as the fluidizing medium.
Preferably, the anode reaction chamber and the cathode reaction chamber are connected by a composite diaphragm, and the composite diaphragm is O2-Exchange membrane allowing only O2-By, in the apparatus, O2-The composite diaphragm is moved from the cathode reaction chamber to the anode reaction chamber to form a loop.
Preferably, the auxiliary heater is only responsible for assisting the start-up of the fluidized bed operation, controlling the temperature of the fluidized bed, and assisting the start-up of the gasification reaction and the SOFC anode reaction in the initial stage of the start-up operation. After the operation in the device is stable, the auxiliary heater does not work any more.
A distributed biomass gasification power generation integrated method, comprising the steps of:
step 10) gasification of biomass particles: biomass particles are fed into a biomass gasification chamber through a biomass particle inlet, superheated steam is injected into the biomass gasification chamber from a superheated steam inlet through a gasification chamber-anode air distribution plate, an auxiliary heater is additionally arranged, so that the biomass particles are gasified at a high temperature, gas generated after gasification and bed materials are blown up by the superheated steam and enter an anode reaction chamber under the action of pressure difference.
Step 20) reduction reaction of oxygen in a cathode reaction chamber: introducing air or oxygen into the cathode reaction chamber through the cathode air distribution plate, transferring electrons from the anode reaction chamber to the cathode rod and the cathode current collector through an external circuit, and introducing oxygen into the cathode catalyst in the cathode packed bedThe reduction reaction of electrons is generated under the action, and the reaction equation is as follows: 2O2+4e-=4O2-, O2-The electrolyte and the composite diaphragm in the cathode packed bed sequentially migrate to the anode reaction chamber.
Step 30) oxidation reaction of gasified gas in the anode reaction chamber: o is2-Continuously transferring through electrolyte after passing through the composite diaphragm, and allowing the product gas to reach the vicinity of the anode rod and the anode current collector and react with O under the action of the anode catalyst in the bed material2-Oxidation reaction with loss of electrons to CO and H2For example, the reaction equation is: CO + O2-=CO2+2e-, H2+ O2-=H2O+2e-The lost electrons migrate to the cathode rod successively through the anode current collector, the anode rod and the external circuit.
Step 40) fuel cell reaction exotherm replacement auxiliary heater: after the operation in the device is stable, the auxiliary heater is closed, and the heat released by the oxidation reaction in the anode reaction chamber and the heat of the superheated steam are enough to provide the temperature required by the biomass gasification reaction and the anode reaction.
Preferably, in step 20), the honeycomb ceramic plate completely confines the packing material within the cathode reaction chamber, preventing the packing material in the cathode packing bed from diffusing to the environment with the flow of cathode gas.
Preferably, in the step 30), the exhaust gas of the device is introduced into a waste heat utilization device (such as a waste heat boiler) through the device exhaust pipeline and the device exhaust outlet in sequence, so that the full utilization of heat is ensured.
Preferably, the biomass gasification in the biomass gasification chamber adopts fluidized bed gasification, the anode reaction in the anode reaction chamber adopts a fluidized bed electrode, superheated steam is used as a fluidizing medium, and the gas flow speed is controlled to keep the fluidized bed as a dense-phase fluidized bed; the temperature in the biomass gasification chamber is controlled to be 800-900 ℃; the temperature of the anode reaction chamber is controlled to be 800-850 ℃; the cathode reaction chamber is distributed in three rows and three columns in a staggered mode, and correspondingly, the anode current collector and the anode bar are also distributed in the anode reaction chamber and are next to the composite diaphragm in three rows and three columns in a staggered mode.
Has the advantages that: the method and the device of the invention have the following characteristics and advantages:
1. the chemical reaction quality is high. The device of the invention adopts the fluidized bed to gasify the biomass, so that the gas phase and the solid phase are uniformly mixed, the heat transfer effect is enhanced, the temperature distribution is uniform, and the gasification efficiency is high; the anode reaction of SOFC adopts the fluidized bed electrode form, which improves the specific surface area of the particles, the heat and mass transfer efficiency is higher, the overpotential distribution is uniform, and the battery efficiency is obviously improved. The fluidized bed design greatly increases the reaction rate and ensures the high-efficiency operation of biomass gasification and SOFC.
2. The battery has high energy density. The device of the invention adopts an electrode distribution mode of three rows and three columns in staggered arrangement, 9 pairs of electrodes are distributed in total, each pair of electrodes comprises a packed bed cathode and a fluidized bed anode, all cathode circuits and anode circuits are respectively converged through an external circuit to form a complete loop of the fuel cell, and the energy density of the cell can be greatly improved without series-parallel connection.
3. The biomass gasification gas is efficiently utilized. The device of the invention directly supplies the gasified gas generated after the biomass is gasified to the SOFC anode without being transported by an external pipeline, thereby reducing the loss of the gasified gas, besides, the three-layer electrode enables the gasified gas to fully react in the device, the electrode of the middle layer uses the gasified gas which can not be used at the bottommost layer to react, the electrode of the uppermost layer uses the gasified gas which can not be used at the bottommost layer and the middle layer to react, and most of the gasified gas can be consumed by the fuel cell in the device by the utilization of the three-layer electrode.
4. Self-heating balance can be realized. In the initial stage of starting and operating the device, in order to reach the temperature of the biomass gasification reaction and the SOFC anode reaction, the auxiliary heater is started to compensate the heat required by the gasification reaction and the anode reaction, the temperature of the fluidized bed is controlled, the auxiliary heater can be closed after the operation in the device is stable, the heat released by the oxidation reaction in the anode reaction chamber and the heat of the superheated steam are enough to provide the temperature required by the biomass gasification reaction and the anode reaction, and the self-heating balance can be continuously maintained.
5. The device has low energy consumption. The device of the invention needs no other energy input except that the auxiliary heater is additionally arranged at the initial stage of starting operation, the exhaust of the device is introduced into the waste heat utilization device to fully utilize the waste heat, the whole device has compact structure, each component fully exerts the characteristics of the device, the biomass is continuously gasified and the electric energy is output, and the energy consumption of the whole device is reduced.
6. The environmental protection performance is good. In the device, the cathode reaction gas is air or oxygen, can be directly discharged into the environment after participating in the reaction and cannot cause pollution, the SOFC fully consumes the gasified gas, the exhaust gas of the device is introduced into the waste heat utilization device, and the operation of the device cannot cause pressure on the environment.
7. And (4) integration of gasification and power generation. The device integrates biomass gasification and SOFC power generation, greatly reduces the complexity of the system, occupies small area, is convenient to manage and is convenient to put into operation on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The figure shows that: the device comprises a gasification chamber-anode air distribution plate 1, a superheated steam inlet 2, a bed material 3, a biomass particle inlet 4, an anode rod 5, a cathode rod 6, a cathode air distribution plate 7, an external circuit 8, an anode current collector 9, a composite diaphragm 10, a cathode current collector 11, a honeycomb ceramic plate 12, an auxiliary heater 13, a cathode packed bed 14, a device exhaust outlet 15, a device exhaust pipeline 16, a biomass gasification chamber 17, an anode reaction chamber 18, a cathode reaction chamber 19 and an integral device 20.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the drawings, the distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated device of the embodiment of the invention comprises: the device comprises a biomass gasification chamber 17, an anode reaction chamber 18, a cathode reaction chamber 19 and an external circuit 8, wherein two sides of the biomass gasification chamber 17 are connected with an external biomass feeder, the bottom of the biomass gasification chamber 17 is connected with a superheated steam supply pipeline, and the device 20 is connected with a waste heat utilization device (such as a waste heat boiler).
In the above apparatus, the biomass gasification chamber 17 is used for gasifying biomass, and biomass particles are gasified with superheated steam to generate a gasification gas, which is used to supply fuel (reactant) to the SOFC anode. The anode reaction chamber 18 is responsible for providing a site for SOFC anode reaction, and realizes oxidation reaction of gasification gas. The cathode reaction chamber 19 is responsible for providing a place for the SOFC cathode reaction to realize the reduction reaction of oxygen. The external circuit 8 is responsible for connecting external power utilization or transmission equipment, and is communicated with the cathode and the anode to close the circuit and generate current.
The anode reaction chamber 18 and the biomass gasification chamber 17 are not physically separated and have no obvious limit, the product gas after biomass gasification directly participates in the anode reaction, air or oxygen is introduced into the cathode reaction chamber to participate in the cathode reaction, and the composite diaphragm 10 is connected with the cathode and the anode to form a battery loop for supplying power to the outside.
The biomass gasification chamber 17 comprises a gasification chamber-anode air distribution plate 1 and a biomass particle inlet 4.
The cathode reaction chambers 19 are distributed in three rows and three columns in a staggered manner, 9 cathode reaction chambers cross the device 20, the cathode reaction chambers 19 comprise cathode air distribution plates 7, cathode rods 6, cathode current collectors 11 and honeycomb ceramic plates 12, the cathode reaction chambers 19 adopt packed bed packing, and the packing in the cathode packed bed 14 comprises cathode catalysts and electrolyte. The cathode reaction chamber 19 is provided with a cathode air distribution plate 7 at one side, a honeycomb ceramic plate 12 at the other side, a cathode packed bed 14 arranged in the cathode reaction chamber 19, one end of a cathode bar 6 connected with a cathode current collector 11 inserted into the cathode packed bed 14 and positioned close to a composite diaphragm 10, the other end of the cathode bar 6 connected with an external circuit 8, and the cathode reaction chamber 19 wrapped by the composite diaphragm 10 and contacted with an anode reaction chamber 18.
The anode reaction chamber 18 comprises an anode rod 5, an anode current collector 9, an auxiliary heater 13, and similarly to the cathode reaction chamber 19 which is staggered, the anode current collector 9 and the anode rod 5 are also staggered in three rows and three columns next to the composite diaphragm 10 in the anode reaction chamber 18. The anode employs a fluidized bed electrode, the bed material 3 includes an anode catalyst and an electrolyte, and superheated steam is used as a fluidizing medium. One end of the anode rod 5 is connected with the anode current collector 9 and inserted into the anode reaction chamber 18 near the position of the composite diaphragm 10, the other end of the anode rod 5 is connected with the external circuit 8, the auxiliary heater 13 is arranged in the anode reaction chamber 18 and fixed on the inner wall of the integral device 20, and the auxiliary heater is positioned at the opposite side of the anode rod 5 and below the anode rod 5 and the anode current collector 9.
The anode reaction chamber 18 and the cathode reaction chamber 19 are connected by a composite diaphragm 10, and the composite diaphragm 10 is O2-Exchange membrane allowing only O2-By, in the apparatus 20, O2-The composite diaphragm is moved from the cathode reaction chamber to the anode reaction chamber to form a loop.
The auxiliary heater 13 is only responsible for the auxiliary start of the fluidized bed operation, controls the temperature of the fluidized bed, and assists the start of the gasification reaction and the SOFC anode reaction at the initial stage of the start operation. After the operation in the device 20 is stabilized, the auxiliary heater 13 is no longer functional.
The method for realizing the integration of the distributed biomass gasification power generation by using the device of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 10) gasification of biomass particles: biomass particles are fed into a biomass gasification chamber 17 through a biomass particle inlet 4, superheated steam is injected into the biomass gasification chamber 17 from a superheated steam inlet 2 through a gasification chamber-anode air distribution plate 1, an auxiliary heater 13 is additionally arranged, so that the biomass particles are gasified at a high temperature, gas generated after gasification is blown up by the superheated steam together with bed materials 3, and enters an anode reaction chamber 18 under the action of pressure difference.
Step 20) reduction reaction of oxygen in a cathode reaction chamber: air or oxygen is introduced into the cathode reaction chamber 19 through the cathode air distribution plate 7, electrons are transferred from the anode reaction chamber 18 to the cathode bar 6 and the cathode current collector 11 through the external circuit 8, and the oxygen generates reduction reaction of the electrons under the action of the cathode catalyst in the cathode packed bed 14, wherein the reaction equation is as follows: 2O2+4e-=4O2-, O2-Successively passing through the cathode fillingThe electrolyte in the bed 14 and the composite separator 10 migrate toward the anode reaction chamber 18.
Step 30) oxidation reaction of gasified gas in the anode reaction chamber: o is2-The product gas reaches the vicinity of the anode bar 5 and the anode current collector 9 and is reacted with O under the action of the anode catalyst in the bed material 32-Oxidation reaction with loss of electrons to CO and H2For example, the reaction equation is: CO + O2-=CO2+2e-, H2+ O2-=H2O+2e-The lost electrons migrate successively through the anode current collector 9, the anode rod 5 and the external circuit 8 towards the cathode rod.
Step 40) fuel cell reaction exotherm replacement auxiliary heater: after the operation in the apparatus 20 is stabilized, the auxiliary heater 13 is turned off, and the heat generated by the oxidation reaction in the anode reaction chamber 18 and the heat of the superheated steam are sufficient to provide the temperature required for the biomass gasification reaction and the anode reaction.
Said step 20) wherein the honeycomb ceramic plate 12 completely confines the packing within the cathode reaction chamber 19, preventing the packing in the cathode packed bed 14 from diffusing to the environment with the flow of cathode gas.
In the step 30), the exhaust gas of the device 20 is introduced into a waste heat utilization device (such as a waste heat boiler) through the device exhaust pipeline 16 and the device exhaust outlet 15 in sequence, so that the full utilization of heat is ensured.
The biomass gasification of the biomass gasification chamber 17 adopts fluidized bed gasification, the anode reaction in the anode reaction chamber 18 adopts a fluidized bed electrode, the fluidizing medium adopts superheated steam, and the air flow speed is controlled to keep the fluidized bed as a dense-phase fluidized bed; the temperature in the biomass gasification chamber 17 is controlled at 800-900 ℃; the temperature of the anode reaction chamber 18 is controlled at 800-850 ℃; the cathode reaction chamber 19 is arranged in three rows and three columns in a staggered manner, and correspondingly, the anode current collector 9 and the anode rod 5 are also arranged in the anode reaction chamber 18 next to the composite diaphragm 10 in three rows and three columns in a staggered manner.
In the above-mentioned integrated method of distributed biomass gasification power generation, biomass particles are injected into the biomass gasification chamber 17 from the biomass particle inlet 4, superheated steam is injected into the biomass gasification chamber 17 from the superheated steam inlet 2 through the gasification chamber-anode air distribution plate 1, the superheated steam is simultaneously used as a fluidizing medium to fluidize the bed material 3, gasified gas is blown up by the superheated steam and reaches the bottom SOFC anode to participate in the reaction, the rest gasified gas which does not participate in the reaction continues to reach the middle SOFC anode to participate in the reaction, the gasified gas which does not participate in the reaction continues to reach the top SOFC anode to participate in the reaction, and three rows and three columns of electrodes which are arranged in a staggered manner enable most of the gasified gas to participate in the anode reaction and be consumed.
In the above-mentioned integrated method of distributed biomass gasification power generation, air or oxygen pass the cathode reaction chamber 19 and finish the cathode reaction process, the gasified gas after the biomass gasification passes the anode reaction chamber 18 and finishes the anode process, the exhaust in the apparatus is introduced into the waste heat utilization apparatus through the apparatus exhaust duct 16, apparatus exhaust outlet 15 successively and fully utilizes the waste heat, the external circuit 8 connects the cathode and the anode, form the return circuit, produce the electric current, finish the whole process.
In the above-mentioned integrated method of distributed biomass gasification power generation, the auxiliary heater 13 is turned on at the initial stage of start-up operation to compensate the heat required by the biomass gasification reaction and the SOFC anode reaction, and after the device 20 operates stably, the auxiliary heater 13 is turned off, and at this time, the heat released by the SOFC anode oxidation reaction is enough to compensate the heat required by the biomass gasification reaction and the SOFC anode reaction, and as the reaction proceeds and reciprocates, the SOFC anode oxidation reaction continuously compensates the heat, thereby completing self-heating balance.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a biomass gasification chamber, an anode reaction chamber, a cathode reaction chamber and an external circuit, wherein two sides of the biomass gasification chamber are connected with an external biomass feeder, the bottom of the biomass gasification chamber is connected with a superheated steam supply pipeline, and the device is connected with a waste heat utilization device.
2. The integrated device for distributed biomass gasification and power generation according to claim 1, wherein the anode reaction chamber and the biomass gasification chamber are not physically separated and have no obvious limit, the product gas after biomass gasification directly participates in the anode reaction, air or oxygen is introduced into the cathode reaction chamber to participate in the cathode reaction, and the composite diaphragm is connected with the cathode and the anode to form a battery loop for supplying power to the outside.
3. The integrated distributed biomass gasification and power generation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biomass gasification chamber comprises a gasification chamber-anode air distribution plate and a biomass particle inlet.
4. The integrated device for distributed biomass gasification power generation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cathode reaction chambers are distributed in three rows and three columns in a staggered manner, 9 cathode reaction chambers cross the device, each cathode reaction chamber comprises a cathode air distribution plate, a cathode rod, a cathode current collector and a honeycomb ceramic plate, the cathode reaction chambers adopt packed bed packing, the packing of the cathode packed bed comprises a cathode catalyst and electrolyte, and the cathode reaction chambers are wrapped by composite membranes and are in contact with the anode reaction chambers.
5. The integrated distributed biomass gasification and power generation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anode reaction chamber comprises an anode rod, an anode current collector, an auxiliary heater, correspondingly to the cathode reaction chambers which are staggered, and the anode current collector and the anode rod are also staggered in three rows and three columns next to the composite membrane in the anode reaction chamber; the anode employs a fluidized bed electrode, the bed material comprising an anode catalyst and an electrolyte, and superheated steam is used as the fluidizing medium.
6. Distributed biomass according to claim 1 or 2The device for integrating gasification and power generation is characterized in that the anode reaction chamber and the cathode reaction chamber are connected by a composite diaphragm, and the composite diaphragm is O2-Exchange membrane allowing only O2-By, in the apparatus, O2-The composite diaphragm is moved from the cathode reaction chamber to the anode reaction chamber to form a loop.
7. A distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 10) gasification of biomass particles: biomass particles are fed into a biomass gasification chamber through a biomass particle inlet, superheated steam is injected into the biomass gasification chamber from a superheated steam inlet through a gasification chamber-anode air distribution plate, an auxiliary heater is additionally arranged, so that the biomass particles are gasified at a high temperature, gas generated after gasification and bed materials are blown up by the superheated steam and enter an anode reaction chamber under the action of pressure difference;
step 20) reduction reaction of oxygen in a cathode reaction chamber: air or oxygen is introduced into the cathode reaction chamber through the cathode air distribution plate, electrons are transferred from the anode reaction chamber to the cathode bar and the cathode current collector through an external circuit, the oxygen generates reduction reaction of the electrons under the action of a cathode catalyst in the cathode packed bed, and the reaction equation is as follows: 2O2+4e-=4o2-, O2-The electrolyte and the composite diaphragm in the cathode packed bed sequentially migrate to the anode reaction chamber;
step 30) oxidation reaction of gasified gas in the anode reaction chamber: o is2-Continuously transferring through electrolyte after passing through the composite diaphragm, and allowing the product gas to reach the vicinity of the anode rod and the anode current collector and react with O under the action of the anode catalyst in the bed material2-Oxidation reaction of electron loss occurs, and the lost electrons migrate to the cathode bar through the anode current collector, the anode bar and the external circuit in sequence;
step 40) fuel cell reaction exotherm replacement auxiliary heater: after the operation in the device is stable, the auxiliary heater is closed, and the heat released by the oxidation reaction in the anode reaction chamber and the heat of the superheated steam are enough to provide the temperature required by the biomass gasification reaction and the anode reaction.
8. The integrated distributed biomass gasification and power generation method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 20), the honeycomb ceramic plate completely limits the filler in the cathode reaction chamber, and prevents the filler in the cathode filler bed from diffusing to the environment along with the flow of the cathode gas.
9. The integrated distributed biomass gasification and power generation method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 30), the exhaust gas of the device is introduced into the waste heat utilization device through the device exhaust gas pipeline and the device exhaust gas outlet in sequence.
10. The integrated distributed biomass gasification and power generation method according to claim 7, wherein the biomass gasification in the biomass gasification chamber adopts fluidized bed gasification, the anode reaction in the anode reaction chamber adopts a fluidized bed electrode, the fluidizing medium adopts superheated steam, and the gas flow speed is controlled to keep the fluidized bed as a dense-phase fluidized bed; the temperature in the biomass gasification chamber is controlled to be 800-900 ℃; the temperature of the anode reaction chamber is controlled to be 800-850 ℃; the cathode reaction chamber is distributed in three rows and three columns in a staggered mode, and correspondingly, the anode current collector and the anode bar are also distributed in the anode reaction chamber and are next to the composite diaphragm in three rows and three columns in a staggered mode.
CN202010669344.7A 2020-07-13 2020-07-13 Distributed biomass gasification and power generation integrated method and device Pending CN112117476A (en)

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Cited By (4)

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CN116137341A (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-05-19 安徽华曙科技有限公司 Power generation device using plants as raw materials and power generation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113178605A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-27 东南大学 Fluidized bed anode solid oxide fuel cell
WO2023001139A1 (en) * 2021-07-21 2023-01-26 东南大学 Method and device for treating nitrous oxide tail gas by using fuel cell
CN113793963A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-12-14 东南大学 Fluidized bed catalytic electrode ammonia direct fuel cell system
CN116137341A (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-05-19 安徽华曙科技有限公司 Power generation device using plants as raw materials and power generation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20201222