CN112116860B - Model for upper abdomen operation training and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of animal specimen models, in particular to a model for upper abdominal operation training and a manufacturing method thereof. The method for manufacturing the model for the upper abdominal operation training comprises the following steps: (a) picking up the whole internal organs containing internal blood vessels of animal remains; (b) after separating the upper abdominal module from the entire set of internal organs, washing surface blood clots and contents; (c) biliary tract treatment, cleaning and antiseptic treatment, and vacuum freezing treatment. The manufacturing method of the invention can provide the combination of animal organs with adjacent organs, blood perfusion of blood vessels and filling of biliary tract with flowing liquid, even pancreatic ducts and pancreatic heads with openings in duodenum/common bile duct for doctors, can simulate the actual situation more truly, enables doctors to obtain real skill training, and improves the operation skill.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal specimen models, in particular to a model for upper abdominal operation training and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The modern science and technology is developed rapidly, and medical technology is different day by day, but at present, surgeons mostly adopt the teaching mode of "teachers and bare feet bring education" and "with skill instead of practice", so the chance of operation of the doctors is seriously insufficient, and only the traditional mode of training skill is changed, sufficient skill accumulation chance can be provided for the doctors, and meanwhile, the risk of doctors in medical practice is reduced.
In the current biliary tract operation training or pancreaticobiliary tract operation training, a doctor can only use a single animal organ purchased in the market for training, and the simulated operation environment cannot be ensured; or the mode of animal living body operation is adopted, the cost is high, a large amount of examination and approval are required, and the doctor has difficult training opportunity.
The existing method for manufacturing the training model uses a module with a shrivelled biliary tract, and has the defects of difficult operations such as searching and dissociating, and great difference with the human body operation. The related operation of the gallbladder triangle (the most important anatomical position in the human body operation) basically does not involve, only the treatment of the gallbladder tube can be simply carried out, and the whole operation and the operation steps are incomplete and cannot be effectively used for the operation simulation training.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
A first object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a model for training a surgery on the upper abdomen, which can provide a model having excellent simulation so as to train a surgery on the upper abdomen more favorably.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a model for training of upper abdominal operation obtained by the above-described production method.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the method for manufacturing the model for the upper abdominal operation training comprises the following steps:
(a) picking up the whole internal organs containing internal blood vessels of animal remains;
(b) after separating the upper abdominal module from the entire set of internal organs, washing surface blood clots and contents;
(c) treating the biliary tract:
(c1) taking the cleaned upper abdominal module, making an incision at a position within 10cm away from the duodenal papilla, turning over an intestinal tube from the incision, inserting a hose into the biliary tract at the duodenal papilla on the inner side of the intestinal tube, inserting one end of the hose into the biliary tract by 3-5 cm, leading out the other end of the hose from the incision, and connecting the hose with an injector; suturing the duodenal papilla and the incision;
(c2) injecting a calculus material into the biliary tract through the opening end of the hose leading out of the incision, and solidifying the calculus material after squeezing to form a calculus structure with a required shape; and after antiseptic treatment, vacuum packaging and freezing treatment.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a flexible tube is inserted inside the intestine at the duodenal papilla. The damage of the membrane structure around the bile duct caused by inserting the soft tube at the biliary tract is avoided.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises pancreaticobiliary treatment: before the duodenal papilla is sutured, turning over the intestinal canal from the incision to find the duodenal papilla; cutting a 1cm +/-0.2 cm opening on a bile duct connected with the large papilla of the duodenum and clinging to the large papilla of the duodenum, and suturing the heart of the avenae animal at the opening for fixing; after suturing the duodenal papilla, the opening is sutured.
In the above procedure, the duodenal papilla is found so that a new pancreatic head is placed there and a pancreatic duct opening is made. Wherein the opening is preferably sized to receive a new pancreatic head.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the apex of the heart of an aves is used as the neopancreatic head. Further, the aves are chickens. The part of the heart of the bird animal such as the heart of the chicken, which can be flowed with liquid, is sewed to the opening, and the heart of the chicken can be ensured to be communicated with the external part and the pancreatic duct through the heart, and the liquid can be allowed to smoothly pass through the opening.
The upper abdomen referred to in the present invention refers to the liver, gallbladder and/or pancreas.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for harvesting the entire internal organs containing internal blood vessels of animal remains comprises:
cutting the abdomen of the remains of the animal, and tightly adhering to the anus to cut off the rectum and the urethra;
starting from the bladder level, the back side is tightly attached to the vertebra, the two sides are tightly attached to the small lumbar muscle and the large lumbar muscle, the vertebra and the muscle are separated until the diaphragm level, and the left and right common iliac vessels are separated;
completely cutting off diaphragm muscle tightly clinging to abdominal wall;
the throat is cut off, and the whole set of internal organs is collected.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the upper abdominal module comprises the diaphragm, liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, part of the small intestine (duodenum), spleen and pancreas, and the corresponding blood vessels of the abdominal trunk supply.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the method of separating the epigastric module comprises:
separating and taking off the heart and lung of the whole set of internal organs, searching for a pancreatic duct opening and a bile duct opening along the small intestine below a stomach pylorus in the rest internal organs, and separating off the small intestine at a position 4.5-5.5 cm away from the anal side of the pancreatic duct opening;
finding an abdominal trunk and an superior mesenteric artery from the head side to the foot side of the aorta, separating the abdominal aorta from a position 1-1.5 cm below the superior mesenteric artery, closely adhering the root of the superior mesenteric artery to separate, and ligating one side of the aorta with a hemp thread; inserting an infusion head at the aortic dissection position below the superior mesenteric artery, and fixing with silk thread; above the position of the abdominal aorta rupture, the root of the superior mesenteric artery is separated from the superior mesenteric artery, and the side of the thoracic aorta is ligatured by a hemp thread;
the inferior vena cava is separated and clings to the liver below the liver; the posterior peritoneum and inferior mesenteric vein were dissected along the inferior border of the pancreas.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method of cleaning comprises: the water pipe is inserted into the gastric cardia part through the esophagus to be fully washed, another 20-25 cm long hollow pipe is inserted into the gastric pylorus part through the small intestine broken end to discharge the washing water, and the operation is repeated for a plurality of times until the discharged water is clear liquid. Blood clots and gastric contents on the surface of the organ are subjected to a washing process.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method of preservation treatment comprises: applying food antiseptic on the surface of organ.
The food preservative can be selected according to actual requirements, and conventional food preservatives such as sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate can be used.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method of vacuum freezing process comprises: and (4) vacuumizing and packaging the upper abdominal module subjected to the antiseptic treatment, and then performing vacuum freezing treatment at the temperature of less than or equal to-18 ℃.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (c1), the size of the flexible tube is equivalent to the inner diameter size of the bile duct. In practice, the outer diameter of the hose is typically between 3.2mm and 4.5mm, and the inner diameter of the hose is typically between 2.1mm and 3.2mm, similar to infusion tubing.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the other end of the hose is led out from the notch by 10-20 cm.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the open end of the hose leading out of the slit is connected to an injection device. For injecting fluid into the bile duct through the flexible tube. For example, the injection device may be a syringe. In practice, a certain amount of liquid with fluidity, usually not less than 30mL, is kept in the syringe, and the bile duct can be inflated by continuously delivering the liquid into the bile duct during the training process.
In actual practice, the liquid having the mobile phase may be water, or a mixed solution of water and a pigment.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the stone material comprises water, carrier material and dye, and the ratio of the water to the carrier material to the dye is 22 mL/10 g/0.1-0.3 mL.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the carrier material comprises any one or more of alginate, vesuvianite, gypsum, AB gum, silica gel, gutta percha, plasticine, bubble gum (with polyvinyl acetate as the major component), glass gum, red brick, starch, cheese, hot melt adhesive, cheese, glutinous rice flour, fish skin peanut, konjac flour, locust bean gum and gelatin, preferably alginate. Wherein the gelatin comprises fish gelatin and/or Gelidin.
The glue material can be selected according to actual requirements, and the rest materials can be fed into the biliary tract and can form a solid material with a certain shape.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the amount of stone material is adjusted according to the requirements of the preset stone structure. According to the requirement of a preset stone structure, a certain volume of stone material is adopted, and the stone material is squeezed and pinched by fingers properly to form a required shape and be solidified.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the animal includes any one of pigs, sheep and cattle, preferably pigs.
The invention also provides a model for upper abdomen operation training, which is manufactured by any one of the manufacturing methods.
The model has a combination of adjacent organs, vascular blood perfusion and biliary tract filled with flowing fluid, even with pancreatic ducts and heads opening to the duodenum/common bile duct, and can be used for biliary or pancreaticobiliary surgery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the manufacturing method of the invention can provide the combination of animal organs with adjacent organs, blood perfusion of blood vessels and filling of biliary tract with flowing liquid, even pancreatic ducts and pancreatic heads with openings in duodenum/common bile duct for doctors, can simulate the actual situation more truly, enables doctors to obtain real skill training, and improves the operation skill.
(2) The manufacturing method of the invention reserves the complete vascular structure of each organ by anatomical extraction, recovers the blood supply state by a specific method, provides a doctor with a treatment method and skill training of each blood vessel in operation, trains consciousness for preventing complications and a treatment method after the complications appear.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows an upper abdominal module isolated from the entire internal organs of a pig according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a biliary tract model for upper abdominal operation training, which comprises the following steps:
picking and taking
1. The miniature pig remains are placed on the table board with the abdomen upward, the cutter cuts the abdomen, and the miniature pig remains are tightly attached to the anus and are separated from the rectum and the urethra.
2. Starting from the bladder level, the back side is tightly attached to the vertebra (spine small internal spine), the two sides are tightly attached to the psoas minimus and psoas major, and the spine and the muscle are separated by using a cutter till the diaphragm level; during the period, the ureter and the kidney are protected. The left and right common iliac vessels, but not the abdominal aorta, are severed during the separation process as required above.
3. The diaphragm muscle (heart muscle) is cut off closely to the abdominal wall, and the esophagus, trachea, thoracic and abdominal aorta, upper and lower vena cava are protected.
4. And (5) separating the throat, taking away the whole set of internal organs, and obtaining the whole set of internal organs of the pig by paying attention to not pull the internal organs forcefully and dragging the bottom of the internal organs with hands to buffer.
II, separation
1. And D, placing the whole set of pig viscera obtained in the step one on a plane, separating fascia between the lung and the diaphragm, respectively clinging to the diaphragm to separate the superior vena cava, the thoracic aorta and the esophagus, and separating the heart and the lung from the diaphragm.
2. On the remaining pig viscera with the heart and lung removed, the opening of the pancreatic duct and the opening of the bile duct are searched along the small intestine below the pylorus of the stomach, and the small intestine is cut off at the 5cm of the anal side of the opening of the pancreatic duct and the bile duct.
3. Finding abdominal trunk and superior mesenteric artery from head to foot, separating the abdominal aorta at 1cm position below the superior mesenteric artery, closely contacting the root of the superior mesenteric artery, and ligating one side of the aorta with hemp thread; inserting an infusion head at the aortic dissection position below the superior mesenteric artery, and fixing with silk thread; above the site of the abdominal aorta, the superior mesenteric artery root is separated from the superior mesenteric artery, and the thoracic aorta is ligated with a ligature.
4. The inferior vena cava is separated and clings to the liver below the liver; the posterior peritoneum and inferior mesenteric vein were dissected along the inferior border of pancreas; the remaining diaphragm, liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, part of the small intestine (duodenum), spleen, pancreas, and corresponding vessels supplied by the abdominal trunk constitute the upper abdominal module. The upper abdominal module is shown in fig. 1.
Thirdly, cleaning and preserving
1. The water inlet pipe is inserted into the stomach cardia part through the esophagus to be fully washed, another 20cm long hollow pipe is inserted into the stomach pylorus part through the small intestine broken end to discharge the cleaning water, and the operation is repeated for a plurality of times until the discharged water is clear liquid.
2. The clear water cleanses the surface of the organ of blood clots and stomach contents.
Four, biliary tract treatment
1. Cutting a small opening at a proper position within 10cm from the large papilla of the duodenum, turning over an intestinal canal from the cut opening, and upwards searching the large papilla of the duodenum; a soft tube which is in accordance with the inner diameter of a bile duct is inserted at the large papilla of the duodenum on the inner side of the intestinal tube, the outer diameter of the soft tube is generally between 3.2mm and 4.5mm, and the inner diameter of the soft tube is generally between 2.1mm and 3.2mm, which is similar to an infusion tube. Inserting one end of a hose into the biliary tract from the large duodenal papilla by about 3-5 cm to ensure that the hose does not slip off, and leading the other end of the hose out of the body from the large duodenal papilla to the incision by 10-20 cm; suturing the large papilla of duodenum, and fixing the hose; the jejunum incision is sutured and the hose is fixed.
2. The open end of the hose led out of the body is connected with an injector, and liquid can be sent into the bile duct through the hose through the injector; a certain amount of water, not less than 30mL, is kept in the injector, so that the bile duct can be continuously filled in the training process.
3. Concocting and making the calculus material, mix alginate, water and dye (the dye of similar bile of colour) according to water/alginate/dye for 22 mL/10 g/0.1 ~0.3 mL's proportion, prepare about 10 mL's calculus material, the three mixes and forms the thick stick form rapidly, place the syringe in after the colour evenly distributed fast, inject the syringe rapidly, according to the calculus demand, inject different volume calculus material, by the incision, upwards insert the calculus material by the large papilla of duodenum, it is appropriate to pinch the calculus material with the finger, form required shape, wait to solidify, be used for simulating different shapes, the calculus of different sizes of biliary tract in the human operation.
4. After the calculus material is solidified, a small amount of food preservative such as sodium benzoate is applied to the organ surface.
5. Vacuum packaging, and storing by quick freezing at-18 deg.C.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a pancreaticobiliary duct model for upper abdominal operation training, which comprises the following steps:
picking and taking
1. The miniature pig remains are placed on the table board with the abdomen upward, the cutter cuts the abdomen, and the miniature pig remains are tightly attached to the anus and are separated from the rectum and the urethra.
2. Starting from the bladder level, the back side is tightly attached to the vertebra (spine small internal spine), the two sides are tightly attached to the psoas minimus and psoas major, and the spine and the muscle are separated by using a cutter till the diaphragm level; during the period, the ureter and the kidney are protected. The left and right common iliac vessels, but not the abdominal aorta, are severed during the separation process as required above.
3. The diaphragm muscle (heart muscle) is cut off closely to the abdominal wall, and the esophagus, trachea, thoracic and abdominal aorta, upper and lower vena cava are protected.
4. And (5) separating the throat, taking away the whole set of internal organs, and obtaining the whole set of internal organs of the pig by paying attention to not pull the internal organs forcefully and dragging the bottom of the internal organs with hands to buffer.
Second, separation
1. And D, placing the whole set of pig viscera obtained in the step one on a plane, separating fascia between the lung and the diaphragm, respectively clinging to the diaphragm to separate the superior vena cava, the thoracic aorta and the esophagus, and separating the heart and the lung from the diaphragm.
2. On the remaining pig viscera from which the heart and lung were removed, the opening of the pancreatic duct and the opening of the bile duct were found along the small intestine below the gastric pylorus, and the small intestine was severed 5cm on the anal side of the pancreaticobiliary duct opening.
3. Finding abdominal trunk and superior mesenteric artery from head to foot, separating the abdominal aorta at 1cm position below the superior mesenteric artery, closely contacting the root of the superior mesenteric artery, and ligating one side of the aorta with hemp thread; inserting a perfusion head at the aortic dissection below the superior mesenteric artery, and fixing with silk thread; above the site of the abdominal aorta, the superior mesenteric artery root is separated from the superior mesenteric artery, and the thoracic aorta is ligated with a ligature.
4. The inferior vena cava is separated and clings to the liver below the liver; the posterior peritoneum and inferior mesenteric vein were dissected along the inferior border of pancreas; the remaining diaphragm, liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, part of the small intestine (duodenum), spleen, pancreas, and corresponding vessels supplied by the abdominal trunk constitute the upper abdominal module. The upper abdominal module is shown in fig. 1.
Thirdly, cleaning and preserving
1. The water inlet pipe is inserted into the stomach cardia part through the esophagus to be fully washed, another 20cm long hollow pipe is inserted into the stomach pylorus part through the small intestine broken end to discharge the cleaning water, and the operation is repeated for a plurality of times until the discharged water is clear liquid.
2. The clear water cleanses the surface of the organ of blood clots and stomach contents.
Treatment of the four, pancreatic bile ducts
1. Cutting a small opening at a proper position within 10cm from the large papilla of the duodenum, turning over an intestinal canal from the cut opening, and upwards searching the large papilla of the duodenum; the duodenal papilla is found so that a new pancreatic head is placed there and a pancreatic duct opening is made. A suitable opening, about 1cm in size, is cut in the bile duct connecting the duodenal papilla, close to the duodenal papilla, to accommodate a new pancreatic head, and the heart of the aves is sutured at the opening and fixed. After subsequent stapling of the duodenal papilla, the opening was sutured. Note that: a new pancreatic head, namely a heart, is accommodated at the opening of the original pancreatic duct, and the heart and the bile duct are ensured to be communicated, so that liquid exchange can be carried out, and blockage is prevented. Wherein, the preparation of the new pancreatic head comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking the heart top of a chicken, and manufacturing a tunnel by utilizing an original channel of the heart to simulate a pancreatic head and a pancreatic duct.
2. A soft tube which is in accordance with the inner diameter of a bile duct is inserted at the large papilla of the duodenum on the inner side of the intestinal tube, the outer diameter of the soft tube is generally between 3.2mm and 4.5mm, and the inner diameter of the soft tube is generally between 2.1mm and 3.2mm, which is similar to an infusion tube. Inserting one end of a hose into the biliary tract from the large duodenal papilla by about 3-5 cm to ensure that the hose does not slip off, and leading the other end of the hose out of the body from the large duodenal papilla to the incision by 10-20 cm; the large duodenal papilla is sutured, all incisions are sutured, and the hose is fixed, so that the liquid is preferably not leaked.
3. The open end of the hose led out of the body is connected with an injector, and liquid can be sent into the bile duct through the hose through the injector; a certain amount of water, not less than 30mL, is kept in the injector, so that the bile duct can be continuously filled in the training process.
4. Concocting and making the calculus material, mix alginate, water and dyestuff (the dyestuff of similar bile of colour) according to water: alginate: dyestuff for 22 mL: 10 g: 0.1~0.3 mL's proportion, prepare about 10 mL's calculus material, the three mixes and stirs rapidly and forms thick form, place the syringe in after the colour evenly distributed fast, inject the syringe rapidly, according to the calculus demand, inject different volume calculus material, by the incision, upwards insert the calculus material by the duodenum large papilla, appropriately pinch the calculus material with the finger, form required shape, wait to solidify, be used for simulating different shapes, the calculus of equidimension of biliary tract in the human operation.
5. After the calculus material is solidified, coating a small amount of food antiseptic such as sodium benzoate on the surface of organ, vacuum packaging, and storing by quick freezing at-18 deg.C.
The biliary tract model and the pancreaticobiliary tract model prepared in the embodiment can completely practice the treatment method related to the gallbladder trigone and the treatment method of complications (damage caused by improper operation of bile ducts).
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The method for manufacturing the model for the upper abdominal operation training is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a) picking up the whole internal organs containing internal blood vessels of animal remains;
(b) after separating the upper abdominal module from the entire set of internal organs, washing surface blood clots and contents;
(c) treating the biliary tract:
(c1) taking the cleaned upper abdominal module, making an incision at a position within 10cm away from the duodenal papilla, turning over an intestinal tube from the incision, inserting a hose into the biliary tract at the duodenal papilla on the inner side of the intestinal tube, inserting one end of the hose into the biliary tract by 3-5 cm, and leading out the other end of the hose from the incision; suturing the duodenal papilla and the incision;
before the duodenal papilla is sutured, turning over the intestinal canal from the incision to find the duodenal papilla; cutting a 1cm +/-0.2 cm opening on a bile duct connected with the large papilla of the duodenum and clinging to the large papilla of the duodenum, and suturing the heart of the avenae animal to the opening for fixing; suturing the opening after suturing the duodenal papilla;
(c2) injecting a calculus material into the biliary tract through the opening end of the hose leading out of the incision, and solidifying the calculus material after squeezing to form a calculus structure with a required shape; after antiseptic treatment, vacuum packaging and freezing treatment;
the upper abdominal module includes diaphragm, liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, spleen, and pancreas, and the corresponding vessels supplied by the abdominal trunk.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said method of eviscerating the entire body of animal remains including internal blood vessels comprises:
cutting the abdomen of the remains of the animal, and tightly adhering to the anus to cut off the rectum and the urethra;
from the bladder level, the back side is tightly attached to the vertebra, the two sides are tightly attached to the small lumbar muscle and the large lumbar muscle, the spine and the muscles are separated until the diaphragm level, and the left and right common iliac vessels are separated;
completely cutting off diaphragm muscle tightly clinging to abdominal wall;
the throat is cut off, and the whole set of internal organs is collected.
3. The method of making as claimed in claim 1 wherein the method of separating the upper abdominal module comprises:
separating and taking off the heart and lung of the whole set of internal organs, searching for a pancreatic duct opening and a bile duct opening along the small intestine below a stomach pylorus in the rest internal organs, and separating off the small intestine at a position 4.5-5.5 cm away from the anal side of the pancreatic duct opening;
finding an abdominal trunk and an superior mesenteric artery from the head side to the foot side of the aorta, separating the abdominal aorta from a position 1-1.5 cm below the superior mesenteric artery, closely adhering the root of the superior mesenteric artery to separate, and ligating one side of the aorta with a hemp thread; inserting a perfusion head at the aortic dissection below the superior mesenteric artery, and fixing with silk thread; above the position of the abdominal aorta rupture, the root of the superior mesenteric artery is separated from the superior mesenteric artery, and the side of the thoracic aorta is ligatured by a hemp thread;
the inferior vena cava is separated and clings to the liver below the liver; the posterior peritoneum and inferior mesenteric vein were dissected along the inferior border of the pancreas.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the method of preserving comprises: applying food antiseptic on the surface of organ.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein the vacuum packaging freezing process comprises: and (4) vacuumizing and packaging the preserved upper abdomen module, and freezing and storing at the temperature of less than or equal to-18 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the open end of the hose exiting the slit is connected to an injection device.
7. The method of manufacturing of claim 6, wherein the injection device comprises a syringe; the syringe retains a liquid therein.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate material comprises water, carrier material and dye at a ratio of 22mL to 10g to 0.1 to 0.3 mL.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the carrier material comprises any one or more of alginate, volcanic rock, gypsum, AB glue, silica gel, gutta percha, plasticine, bubble gum, glass gum, red brick, starch, cheese, hot melt glue, cheese, glutinous rice flour, fish skin peanuts, konjac flour, locust bean gum, and gelatin.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the carrier material is alginate.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the animal comprises any one of a pig, a sheep, and a cow.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the animal is a pig.
13. A model for training of epigastric surgery, produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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