CN112114638A - Method and device for realizing ion cooling, computer storage medium and electronic device - Google Patents
Method and device for realizing ion cooling, computer storage medium and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method, a device, a computer storage medium and an electronic device for realizing ion cooling.
Description
Technical Field
This document relates to, but is not limited to, ion trap technology, and more particularly to a method, apparatus, computer storage medium, and electronic device for implementing ion cooling.
Background
The application of ion arrays in quantum computing, quantum information, typically involves independent manipulation of individual ions, or selected ions; in the application of precision measurement, it is usually necessary to maintain spatial coherence between different ions, so that when an external optical field interacts with a large number of ions, a required signal can be amplified and constructive interference (constructive interference) occurs; these applications require that the position of each ion in the ion trap be stable, i.e. effective ion cooling techniques are required to reduce the thermal motion of the ions.
Disclosure of Invention
The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for implementing ion cooling, a computer storage medium, and an electronic apparatus, which can implement ion cooling of a multidimensional ion array.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for realizing ion cooling, which comprises the following steps:
determining laser composed of more than two first frequency components according to the amplitude of ion micromotion of the multi-dimensional ion array; wherein the frequency of the laser is: superposing the Doppler cooling frequency and n times of the radio frequency electric field frequency of the ion trap;
selecting one of the first frequency components of the laser as a second frequency component according to cooling effect information for cooling the ions corresponding to each frequency component of the first laser;
the laser light, comprised of the selected second frequency component, cools the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array.
In an exemplary embodiment, the n comprises a value selected by:
determining the maximum value x of the amplitude of the ion micromotionm；
Selecting more than two integer values from-M to + M as the value of n according to a preset selection strategy;
wherein, the
In an exemplary embodiment, before the laser composed of the selected second frequency component cools the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array, the method further comprises:
and selecting a preset number of first frequency components from other first frequency components except the second frequency component according to a preset selection strategy, and using the first frequency components and the second frequency components to form laser for cooling ions in the multi-dimensional ion array.
In an exemplary embodiment, the cooling effect information includes: cooling rate and/or cooling limit temperature.
In an exemplary embodiment, the selecting one of the first frequency components of the laser light as the second frequency component includes:
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling rate, selecting a first frequency component with the highest cooling rate as the second frequency component;
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling limit temperature, selecting a first frequency component with the lowest cooling limit temperature as the second frequency component;
and when the cooling effect information comprises the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature, determining that the first frequency component of which the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature both meet the preset condition is the second frequency component.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for implementing ion cooling is implemented.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, the memory having a computer program stored therein; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the processor is configured to execute the computer program in the memory;
the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements a method of implementing ion cooling as described above.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for implementing ion cooling, including: a determination unit, a selection unit and a cooling unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the determination unit is configured to: determining laser composed of more than two first frequency components according to the amplitude of ion micromotion of the multi-dimensional ion array; wherein the frequency of the laser is: superposing the Doppler cooling frequency and n times of the radio frequency electric field frequency of the ion trap;
the selection unit is configured to: selecting one of the first frequency components of the laser as a second frequency component according to cooling effect information for cooling the ions corresponding to each frequency component of the first laser;
the cooling unit is provided with: the laser light, comprised of the selected second frequency component, cools the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array.
In an exemplary embodiment, the determination unit is further arranged to select each value of n by:
determining the maximum x of the amplitude of the ion micromotionm；
Selecting more than two integer values from-M to + M as the value of n according to a preset selection strategy;
wherein, the
In one illustrative example:
the selection unit is further configured to: selecting a preset number of first frequency components from other first frequency components except the second frequency component according to a preset selection strategy, and forming laser for cooling ions in the multi-dimensional ion array together with the second frequency component;
the cooling unit is configured to: and cooling the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array by the laser consisting of the selected second frequency component and the preset first frequency component.
In an exemplary embodiment, the selection unit is arranged to:
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling rate, selecting a first frequency component with the highest cooling rate as the second frequency component;
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling limit temperature, selecting a first frequency component with the lowest cooling limit temperature as the second frequency component;
and when the cooling effect information comprises the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature, determining that the first frequency component of which the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature both meet the preset condition is the second frequency component.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after the lasers with more than two first frequency components are determined according to the amplitude of the ion micromotion of the multi-dimensional ion array, one of the first frequency components is selected as the second frequency component according to the cooling effect information, and the laser composed of the selected second frequency component realizes the ion cooling of the multi-dimensional ion array, so that the stability of the multi-dimensional ion array is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of implementing ion cooling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for cooling ions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary application of the present invention for cooling ions by laser light;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary laser for use with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the cooling rates of ions according to an exemplary application of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of cooling limit temperature versus temperature for an exemplary ion of use of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing cooling rates of ions according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of cooling limit temperature versus ion temperature for another exemplary application of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing cooling rates of ions in yet another example of an application of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of cooling limit temperature versus ion temperature for yet another exemplary application of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing cooling rates of ions according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of cooling limit temperature versus ion temperature for yet another exemplary application of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Currently, the commonly used ion cooling technique is Doppler cooling (Doppler cooling) based on laser-ion interaction. Doppler cooling originates from the cooling of neutral atoms, whose movement in the spatial direction is cooled by a pair of lasers propagating in opposite directions and having a frequency slightly below the transition frequency of the neutral atom (the frequency is said to be red-detuned with respect to the atom transition frequency); three pairs of mutually perpendicular lasers are used to cool the movement of neutral atoms in three-dimensional space. For a single ion or a single-dimensional chain of ions confined in the ion trap, it can be simplified to use a beam of red detuned laser light that does not follow the main axis (principal axes) of the ion trap to simultaneously cool the motion of the ions in various spatial directions. Assuming the natural linewidth of the ion transition, the minimum temperature achievable by Doppler cooling is approximately
Of this order, wherein
Joule second (J.s) is a reduced Planck constant, kB≈1.381×10-23Joule per Kelvin (J.K)-1) Is BoltzmannA constant.
In order to further increase the number of quantum bits in applications in the fields of quantum computing and quantum information, or to improve the measurement accuracy in precision measurement, it is necessary to stably confine thousands, even millions, of ions in an ion trap using a two-dimensional or three-dimensional ion array. The inventor of the application finds that: for two-or three-dimensional ion systems, ions further from the center typically have a large micromotion (micromotion), i.e., each ion vibrates with a different amplitude at the frequency of the radio frequency electric field of the Porro ion trap. This results in a reduction in the efficiency of the doppler cooling and even failure to counteract the effect of the ions being heated by the environment, so that a stable large-scale two-dimensional, three-dimensional array of ions cannot be obtained. The present application presents a method of achieving cooling of ions in a multi-dimensional ion array.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for implementing ion cooling according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including:
it should be noted that the values of the embodiment n of the present invention are different, and represent different first frequency components of the laser light.
In one illustrative example, n in embodiments of the invention comprises a value selected by:
determining the maximum x of the amplitude of the ion micromotionm；
Selecting more than two integer values from-M to + M as the value of n according to a preset selection strategy; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in an exemplary example, each integer value between-M and + M may be taken as a value of n, respectively; each value of n is determined for a first frequency component of the laser.
In one illustrative example, the inventionMaximum value x of amplitude of ion micromotion in examplemIt can be determined by a person skilled in the art, with reference to theory, from a dimensionless parameter of the amplitude of the ion micromotion. The expression of the ion micromotion in the embodiment of the invention is
The unit is meter/second; omegarfNegative 1 power(s) in seconds representing the ion trap radio frequency electric field frequency-1) (ii) a The expression for the dimensionless parameter of the amplitude of the ion micromotion is:
represents the wave vector of the laser in units of minus 1 power of meter (m)-1)。
In an exemplary embodiment, the first frequency component of the laser light in the embodiment of the present invention can be expressed by the following formula:
ω+nωrf(n takes an integer value between-M and + M);
where ω represents the doppler cooling frequency.
In one illustrative example of the present invention,
representing M as slightly larger than | xmInteger of | is provided.
In an exemplary example, the laser light in the embodiment of the present invention may be obtained by modulating a single-frequency laser light by an acousto-optic modulator;
in an exemplary example, the laser light in the embodiment of the present invention may be obtained by modulating a single-frequency laser light by an electro-optical modulator;
in an illustrative example, the laser in the embodiment of the present invention may be obtained by a pulsed laser;
in an illustrative example, the laser light in the embodiments of the present invention may be obtained by a continuous laser light whose amplitude is periodically modulated.
102, selecting one of the first frequency components of the laser as a second frequency component according to cooling effect information for cooling the ions corresponding to each frequency component of the laser;
in an exemplary embodiment, the cooling effect information in the embodiment of the present invention includes: cooling rate and/or cooling limit temperature.
In an exemplary embodiment, the cooling effect information may be calculated by one skilled in the art according to the relevant principles, with the first frequency component ω + n ω of the laser lightrfFor example, the cooling rate and/or the cooling limit temperature may be obtained by the following calculation:
for a first frequency component ω + n ω of the selected laser lightrfCalculating a main equation (master equation) of ion-related energy level transition by using the laser intensity s and the ion micromotion amplitude x; determining the probability rho of the ions in the excited state when the ions reach the steady state according to the calculation of the principal equation; the rate of laser cooling (proportional to the probability of ion being excited at steady state) is calculated from the probability ρ determined for ions in excited state at steady state
) And cooling limit temperature (proportional to
)。
In one illustrative example, an embodiment of the present invention selects one of first frequency components of laser light as a second frequency component, including:
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling rate, selecting a first frequency component with the fastest cooling rate as a second frequency component;
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling limit temperature, selecting a first frequency component with the lowest cooling limit temperature as a second frequency component;
and when the cooling effect information comprises the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature, determining that the first frequency component of which the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature both meet the preset condition is the second frequency component.
In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention may determine whether both the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature satisfy the preset condition through a preset function; in an exemplary example, the embodiment of the present invention calculates the ratio of the cooling rate to the cooling limit temperature after obtaining the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature by the correlation principle calculation, and selects the first frequency component at which the ratio is maximum as the second frequency component satisfying the preset condition. In an exemplary embodiment, after determining the fastest cooling rate and the lowest cooling limit temperature respectively; multiplying the fastest cooling rate and the lowest cooling limit temperature by corresponding percentage thresholds (which can be the same or different) respectively to obtain a comparison cooling rate and a comparison cooling limit temperature, and when the cooling rate of a first frequency component is greater than the comparison cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature is lower than the comparison cooling limit temperature, selecting the first frequency component as a second frequency component meeting preset conditions; when there are a plurality of second frequency components satisfying the preset condition, the second frequency components may be determined by adjusting the threshold. In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention may further use a monotonic function including an exponential function or other functions to determine the second frequency components satisfying the preset condition.
And 103, cooling the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array by the laser composed of the selected second frequency component.
Before the laser composed of the selected second frequency component cools the ions in the multidimensional ion array, the method according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
and selecting a preset number of first frequency components from other first frequency components except the second frequency component according to a preset selection strategy, and using the first frequency components and the second frequency components to form laser for cooling ions in the multi-dimensional ion array.
In an exemplary embodiment, selecting the predetermined number of first frequency components according to the predetermined selection policy may include: and selecting a preset first frequency component according to the cooling effect information of the first frequency component for cooling the ions correspondingly. In an exemplary example, the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by randomly selecting a preset number of first frequency components from other first frequency components except for the second frequency component by experience of those skilled in the art; in an exemplary embodiment, a first frequency component may be selected every i frequency components at a predetermined interval according to the value of n.
In an exemplary embodiment, after determining the frequency components of the laser light that cools the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array, embodiments of the present invention may use the laser light with determined frequency components to cool the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array based on relevant principles.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after the laser composed of more than two first frequency components is determined according to the amplitude of the ion micromotion of the multi-dimensional ion array, one of the first frequency components is selected as the second frequency component according to the cooling effect information, and the laser composed of the selected second frequency component realizes the ion cooling of the multi-dimensional ion array, so that the stability of the multi-dimensional ion array is improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the computer storage medium, and when being executed by a processor, the computer program realizes the method for realizing the ion cooling.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the processor is configured to execute the computer program in the memory;
the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the method of achieving ion cooling as described above.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for implementing ion cooling according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, including: a determination unit, a selection unit and a cooling unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the determination unit is configured to: determining laser composed of more than two first frequency components according to the amplitude of ion micromotion of the multi-dimensional ion array; wherein, the frequency of the laser is: superposing the Doppler cooling frequency and n times of the radio frequency electric field frequency of the ion trap;
the selection unit is configured to: selecting one of the first frequency components of the laser as a second frequency component according to cooling effect information for cooling the ions corresponding to each frequency component of the first laser;
the cooling unit is provided with: the laser light, comprised of the selected second frequency component, cools the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array.
In an exemplary embodiment, the determining unit in the embodiment of the present invention is further configured to select each of the n values by:
determining the maximum x of the amplitude of the ion micromotionm；
Selecting more than two integer values from-M to + M as the value of n according to a preset selection strategy; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in one illustrative example, in embodiments of the invention:
the selection unit is further configured to: selecting a preset number of first frequency components from other first frequency components except the second frequency component according to a preset selection strategy, and forming laser for cooling ions in the multi-dimensional ion array together with the second frequency components;
the cooling unit is configured to: and cooling the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array by the laser consisting of the selected second frequency component and the preset first frequency component.
In an exemplary embodiment, the cooling effect information in the embodiment of the present invention includes: cooling rate and/or cooling limit temperature.
In an exemplary embodiment, the selecting unit in the embodiment of the present invention is configured to:
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling rate, selecting a first frequency component with the fastest cooling rate as a second frequency component;
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling limit temperature, selecting a first frequency component with the lowest cooling limit temperature as a second frequency component;
and when the cooling effect information comprises the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature, determining that the first frequency component of which the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature both meet the preset condition is the second frequency component.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after the laser composed of more than two first frequency components is determined according to the amplitude of the ion micromotion of the multi-dimensional ion array, one of the first frequency components is selected as the second frequency component according to the cooling effect information, and the laser composed of the selected second frequency component realizes the ion cooling of the multi-dimensional ion array, so that the stability of the multi-dimensional ion array is improved. .
The embodiments of the present invention are described below by way of application examples, which are only used for illustrating the present invention and are not used for limiting the scope of the present invention.
Application example
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary application of the present invention for cooling ions by laser, as shown in FIG. 3, where x, y and z are the spatial directions of a three-dimensional ion array, a laser beam is irradiated on the region where the ions of the illustrated three-dimensional ion array are located, micro-motion of the ions generally occurs in the three-dimensional ion array as shown by the solid line in the figure, and each ion is excited at the frequency ω of the RF electric fieldrfOscillating back and forth, the further away from the center the ions are, the greater the amplitude of the ion micromotion.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary laser for use with the present invention, and as shown in FIG. 4, the laser beam is modulated to include a radio frequency electric field frequency ω (ω is the Doppler cooling frequency, as determined by those skilled in the art in light of the relevant principles of Doppler cooling) at a frequency ω outside of its frequency ω (ω is the Doppler cooling frequency)rfSidebands of integer multiples (n times), i.e. the laser beam contains the frequency component ω + n ωrf(n ═ 0, ± 1, ± 2, …); the number of sidebands (i.e., the value of n) is determined by the maximum amplitude of ion micromotion; the present application illustrates each sideband laser as a first frequency component.
Assuming the wave vector of the laser light as
The micro-motion expression of the ions is
Representing the amplitude of ion micromotion by dimensionless parameters
Ytterbium ion (Yb) with natural line width of 2 pi x 20 megahertz (MHz)+) For example, assume that the RF electric field frequency is ωrf2 pi × 30MHz, the light intensity of each frequency component of the laser is the same; FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the cooling rates of ions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the light intensity is plotted by a saturation parameter s for different ion micromotions x, assuming that s is 1, in the graph, positive values indicate that the ions are cooled by the laser, negative values indicate that the ions are heated by the laser, and the horizontal axis indicates the frequency ω of the laser relative to the ion transition frequency ω0Detuning amount Δ ω - ω of 2 pi × 812THz0(at a radio frequency electric field frequency ωrfIn units); in the figure, four curves of x-0, x-1, x-10 and x-100 are almost completely overlapped within the calculation precision, and the laser cooling method is not sensitive to the ion micromotion amplitude; by selecting a suitable first frequency component (as shown in the hollow box) as the second frequency component by the cooling rate, a higher cooling rate can be achieved for the multi-dimensional ion array by a laser beam containing the second frequency component and all the first frequency components, and ions in the large-scale ion system can be cooled at the same time.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the cooling limit temperatures of ions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, in the parameter region where the ions are cooled by the laser. The horizontal axis in FIG. 6 represents the center frequency ω of the laser light relative to the ion transition frequency ω0Detuning amount Δ ω - ω of 2 pi × 812THz0(at a radio frequency electric field frequency ωrfIn units); in the figure, four curves of x-0, x-1, x-10 and x-100 are almost completely overlapped within the calculation precision, and the laser cooling method is not sensitive to the ion micromotion amplitude; one of the first frequency components (the frequency shown as a hollow box in the figure) is selected as the second frequency component through the cooling limit temperature, so that the lower cooling limit temperature can be realized for the multidimensional ion array through a laser beam containing the second frequency component and all the first frequency components, and ions in a large-scale ion system can be cooled at the same time.
The following application examples are under the set experimental parametersComparison of the cooling rate and cooling limit temperature of individual ions without micromotion of the ions under doppler cooling. Yb with natural line width of 2 pi x 20MHz+For example, assume that the saturation parameter of each first frequency component of the laser is s ═ 1; FIG. 7 is a graph comparing cooling rates of ions according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, the RF electric field frequency (RF electric field frequency for short) ω of the ion traprfCooling rate at 2 π × 30 MHz; in the figure, the solid line shows the result of cooling the ions by using a laser beam including the second frequency component and a part of the first frequency component according to the application example of the present invention, and the dotted line shows the result of doppler cooling of a single ion without micro-motion under the same experimental parameters. For omegarfSelecting a suitable second frequency component of the laser at a cooling rate, the highest cooling rate being about 1/5 for doppler cooling without taking into account micro-motion of the ions, and combining a portion of the first frequency component for cooling the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array; FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison of the cooling limit temperature of ions according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8, and the frequency ω of the RF electric fieldrfCooling limit temperature at 2 pi × 30 MHz; in the figure, the solid line shows the result of cooling the ions by a laser beam including the second frequency component and a part of the first frequency component according to an application example of the present invention, and the dotted line shows the result of doppler cooling of a single ion without micromotion under the same experimental parameters. For omegarfIn the case of 2 pi x 30MHz, the lowest cooling threshold temperature of the present application example is about 5 times the doppler cooling without considering ion micromotion by selecting a suitable second frequency component in the laser light and combining a portion of the first frequency component.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing a comparison of cooling rates of ions according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9, for RF electric field frequency ωrfCooling rate at 2 π × 50 MHz; in the figure, the solid line shows the result of cooling the ions by a laser beam including the second frequency component and the predetermined first frequency component according to the application example of the present invention, and the dotted line shows the result of doppler cooling of a single ion without micro-motion under the same experimental parameters. For omega rf2 pi x 50MHzThe second frequency component of the laser is selected by the cooling rate, and in combination with the predetermined first frequency component, the present application illustrates a maximum cooling rate of about 1/2 for doppler cooling without considering ion micromotion; FIG. 10 is a graph showing a comparison of the cooling limit temperature of ions according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10, the RF electric field frequency ωrfCooling limit temperature at 2 pi × 50 MHz; in the figure, the solid line shows the result of cooling the ions by a laser beam including the second frequency component and the predetermined first frequency component according to the application example of the present invention, and the dotted line shows the result of doppler cooling of a single ion without micro-motion under the same experimental parameters. For omegarfIn the case of 2 pi × 50MHz, the second frequency component of the laser is selected by the cooling limit temperature, and in combination with the preset first frequency component, the lowest cooling limit temperature of the application example of the present invention is about 2 times the doppler cooling without considering the micro-motion of the ions.
Application example of the present invention, if the amplitudes of the micro-motions of most ions are close, the laser consisting of only the second frequency component can achieve effective cooling of the ions. Yb with natural line width of 2 pi x 20MHz+For example, assume that the saturation parameter of the laser is s 1. FIG. 11 is a graph showing a comparison of cooling rates of ions according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11, for RF electric field frequency ωrfCooling rate at 2 pi × 30MHz, the solid line shows the cooling effect of the laser beam with the second frequency component only retained on the ions with the micromotion amplitude x of 10, the dashed line shows the result of doppler cooling of a single ion without micromotion under the same experimental parameters, and the horizontal axis shows the single frequency component ω (second laser beam) of the laser beam with respect to the ion transition frequency ω0Detuning amount Δ ω - ω of 2 pi × 812THz0(at a radio frequency electric field frequency ωrfIn units). If frequency component ω is chosen to be the second frequency component shown as an open square, the cooling rate that can be achieved for ions with a micromotion amplitude x 10 is approximately 1/8 for doppler cooling without regard to micromotion. If the micromotion amplitude of the majority of ions in the system is around x 10, then effective cooling of the system can be achieved with only the laser of the second frequency component. FIG. 12 illustrates the cooling limit of an exemplary ion according to still another embodiment of the present inventionTemperature contrast plot, as shown in FIG. 12, radio frequency electric field frequency ωrfThe solid line shows the cooling effect of the laser beam with the second frequency component retained only for the ions with the micromotion amplitude x of 10 at the cooling limit temperature of 2 pi × 30MHz, the dashed line shows the result of doppler cooling of a single ion without micromotion under the same experimental parameters, and the horizontal axis shows the single frequency component ω (second laser beam) of the laser beam with respect to the ion transition frequency ω0Detuning amount Δ ω - ω of 2 pi × 812THz0(at a radio frequency electric field frequency ωrfIn units). If the frequency component ω is selected as the second frequency component shown as an open square, the cooling limit temperature achievable by the present application example is similar to the doppler cooling without taking the micromotion into account. If the micromotion amplitude of most ions in the system is around x 10, then effective cooling of the system can be achieved with only the laser of the second frequency component.
"one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps of the methods, systems, functional modules/units in the devices disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. In a hardware implementation, the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all of the components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art. ".
Claims (11)
1. A method of achieving ion cooling, comprising:
determining laser composed of more than two first frequency components according to the amplitude of ion micromotion of the multi-dimensional ion array; wherein the frequency of the laser is: superposing the Doppler cooling frequency and n times of the radio frequency electric field frequency of the ion trap;
selecting one of the first frequency components of the laser as a second frequency component according to cooling effect information for cooling ions corresponding to each frequency component of the laser;
the laser light, comprised of the selected second frequency component, cools the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein n comprises a value selected by:
determining the maximum value x of the amplitude of the ion micromotionm；
Selecting more than two integer values from-M to + M as the value of n according to a preset selection strategy;
wherein, the
3. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to the laser light comprised of the selected second frequency component cooling the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array, the method further comprises:
and selecting a preset number of first frequency components from other first frequency components except the second frequency component according to a preset selection strategy, and using the first frequency components and the second frequency components to form laser for cooling ions in the multi-dimensional ion array.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cooling effect information includes: cooling rate and/or cooling limit temperature.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said selecting one of the first frequency components of the laser as the second frequency component comprises:
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling rate, selecting a first frequency component with the highest cooling rate as the second frequency component;
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling limit temperature, selecting a first frequency component with the lowest cooling limit temperature as the second frequency component;
and when the cooling effect information comprises the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature, determining that the first frequency component of which the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature both meet the preset condition is the second frequency component.
6. A computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method of carrying out ion cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. An electronic device, comprising: a memory and a processor, the memory having a computer program stored therein; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the processor is configured to execute the computer program in the memory;
the computer program when executed by the processor implements a method of implementing ion cooling as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. An apparatus for effecting ion cooling, comprising: a determination unit, a selection unit and a cooling unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the determination unit is configured to: determining laser composed of more than two first frequency components according to the amplitude of ion micromotion of the multi-dimensional ion array; wherein the frequency of the laser is: superposing the Doppler cooling frequency and n times of the radio frequency electric field frequency of the ion trap;
the selection unit is configured to: selecting one of the first frequency components of the laser as a second frequency component according to cooling effect information for cooling the ions corresponding to each frequency component of the first laser;
the cooling unit is provided with: the laser light, comprised of the selected second frequency component, cools the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the determining unit is further configured to select each value of n by:
determining the maximum x of the amplitude of the ion micromotionm；
Selecting more than two integer values from-M to + M as the value of n according to a preset selection strategy;
wherein, the
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:
the selection unit is further configured to: selecting a preset number of first frequency components from other first frequency components except the second frequency component according to a preset selection strategy, and forming laser for cooling ions in the multi-dimensional ion array together with the second frequency component;
the cooling unit is configured to: and cooling the ions in the multi-dimensional ion array by the laser consisting of the selected second frequency component and the preset first frequency component.
11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the selection unit is configured to:
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling rate, selecting a first frequency component with the highest cooling rate as the second frequency component;
when the cooling effect information only comprises the cooling limit temperature, selecting a first frequency component with the lowest cooling limit temperature as the second frequency component;
and when the cooling effect information comprises the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature, determining that the first frequency component of which the cooling rate and the cooling limit temperature both meet the preset condition is the second frequency component.
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| CN113191009A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-30 | 清华大学 | Method and device for realizing ion array, computer storage medium and terminal |
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| CN103367093A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 岛津分析技术研发（上海）有限公司 | A linear ion bounding apparatus and an array structure thereof |
| CN109669522A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2019-04-23 | 李芝宏 | Ion cooling system and method |
| CN109814049A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-28 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | It is based on43Ca+The device and method of the faint high-frequency alternating magnetic field of measuring ion |
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| US5679950A (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1997-10-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Ion trapping mass spectrometry method and apparatus therefor |
| CN103367093A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 岛津分析技术研发（上海）有限公司 | A linear ion bounding apparatus and an array structure thereof |
| CN109669522A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2019-04-23 | 李芝宏 | Ion cooling system and method |
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