CN112114219A - Fault diagnosis method for suspension chopper of magnetic suspension train - Google Patents
Fault diagnosis method for suspension chopper of magnetic suspension train Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/2607—Circuits therefor
- G01R31/2632—Circuits therefor for testing diodes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault diagnosis method for a suspension chopper of a magnetic suspension train, which comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out RC charging loop diagnosis, main loop contactor and fuse fault diagnosis, first output current sensor and second output current sensor fault diagnosis, first output reactance, second output reactance and electromagnet fault diagnosis, first diode and second diode fault diagnosis, first insulated gate bipolar transistor and second insulated gate bipolar transistor fault diagnosis, sending a control instruction through a suspension chopper controller under the condition that other access equipment is not additionally arranged, reading the numerical values of all original sensors of the suspension chopper, further making corresponding judgment, and realizing the fault diagnosis of a key device of the suspension chopper.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic suspension trains, in particular to a fault diagnosis method for a suspension chopper of a magnetic suspension train.
Background
The suspension chopper is an important component of the magnetic-levitation train, and can realize stable suspension and air gap control of the magnetic-levitation train. One train typically has multiple levitation choppers (e.g., a five-bogie maglev train having twenty levitation choppers per train). The load of the suspension chopper is a suspension electromagnet, and the magnitude of the suspension force is controlled by controlling the current of the suspension electromagnet, so that the suspension air gap is kept unchanged. In the operation of magnetic levitation vehicles, it is becoming increasingly important to carry out reliable magnetic levitation chopper fault diagnosis in order to ensure reliable field operation and preventive maintenance. The conventional fault diagnosis of the suspension chopper needs special monitoring equipment, and the fault diagnosis of the key components of the suspension chopper is completed by accessing the detection equipment, but the monitoring equipment is complex.
Therefore, how to develop a fault diagnosis method for a suspension chopper of a magnetic suspension train, which is simple in monitoring, becomes a problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a fault diagnosis method for a suspension chopper of a magnetic suspension train, which is simple in monitoring, and can be used for realizing fault diagnosis of key components of the suspension chopper by sending a control instruction through a suspension chopper controller without accessing other equipment, reading the numerical values of the original sensors of the suspension chopper and making corresponding judgment.
In one aspect, the invention provides a fault diagnosis method for a suspension chopper of a maglev train, wherein the suspension chopper comprises a controller, a filter, an RC pre-charging circuit switch, a main loop contactor, a pre-charging resistor, a fuse, a direct current bus capacitor, a direct current bus voltage sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, an IGBT driver, a first insulated gate bipolar transistor, a second insulated gate bipolar transistor, a first diode, a second diode, a first output reactance, a second output reactance, a first output current sensor, a second output current sensor and an electromagnet interface, wherein the direct current bus voltage sensor and the analog-to-digital converter form a bus voltage sampling circuit, the RC pre-charging circuit switch, the pre-charging resistor, the fuse and the direct current bus capacitor form an RC charging circuit, the filter is connected with a direct current power supply through a direct current power supply input interface, the method is characterized in that the fault diagnosis method of the suspension chopper of the maglev train comprises the following steps:
s1, RC charging loop diagnosis: the controller sends out an instruction, an RC charging loop is connected, a bus voltage value is read through the direct current bus capacitor according to set charging time, the difference value between the direct current source voltage value and the bus voltage value is compared with a set certain direct current source voltage value, and fault diagnosis of the bus voltage sampling circuit, the pre-charging resistor and the direct current bus capacitor is sequentially carried out;
s2, main circuit contactor and fuse fault diagnosis: if the RC charging circuit can work normally, the sampled bus voltage value is equal to the direct-current source voltage value, an RC pre-charging circuit switch is closed, the RC charging circuit works, after the RC charging circuit finishes charging within set time, a controller sends an instruction to close a main circuit contactor, a pre-charging resistor is disconnected, the bus voltage value is sampled for multiple times at certain intervals and read, and if multiple sampling values of the bus voltage value show a descending trend, the main circuit contactor or a fuse is damaged;
s3, fault diagnosis of the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor: comparing the difference value of the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor with a set threshold value by comparing the magnitude of two current sampling values of the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor, and judging that the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor have faults;
s4, diagnosing the first output reactance, the second output reactance and the electromagnet fault: under the normal condition of the main loop contactor, the fuse, the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor, a direct current power supply is adopted to supply power to the suspension chopper, the controller controls and outputs a PWM1 signal and a PWM2 signal, after the operation is carried out for a period of time, the current value of the second output current sensor is read, the read current value is compared with a theoretical current value, and whether the first output reactance, the second output reactance and the electromagnet are in fault or not is judged;
s5, fault diagnosis of the first diode and the second diode: the controller controls and outputs a PWM1 control signal to ensure that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a switching state and the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a cut-off state, and whether the first diode breaks down or not is judged according to whether the controller monitors the state output signal of the IGBT driver or not; the controller controls and outputs a PWM2 control signal to ensure that the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a switching state and the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a cut-off state, and whether the second diode has a short-circuit fault is judged according to whether the controller monitors the state output signal of the IGBT driver;
s6, diagnosing faults of the first insulated gate bipolar transistor and the second insulated gate bipolar transistor: under the normal condition of the main loop contactor, the fuse, the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor, the controller ensures that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a conducting state by controlling output PWM1 and PWM2 signals, reads the current value of the second output current sensor, compares the current value with a preset current threshold value and further judges whether the first insulated gate bipolar transistor breaks down or not; the controller ensures that the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a conducting state by controlling the output PWM1 and PWM2 signals, reads the current value of the second output current sensor, compares the current value with a preset current threshold value, and further judges whether the second output current sensor fails.
Further, the step S1 is specifically divided into the following steps:
s11, the controller sends out an instruction to switch on the RC charging circuit, when the charging time is 10RC, the bus voltage value is read through the direct current bus capacitor, if the difference value between the direct current source voltage value and the bus voltage value is less than 5% of the direct current source voltage value, the bus voltage sampling circuit is judged to be normal, otherwise, the bus voltage sampling circuit is judged to be abnormal;
s12, disconnecting the RC charging circuit, waiting for the bus voltage value to be 0, sending an instruction by the controller, connecting the RC charging circuit, reading the bus voltage value when the RC charging time is 3, if the bus voltage value is less than 0.95 direct current source voltage value and (0.95 direct current source voltage value-bus voltage value) > 5% 0.95 direct current source voltage, disconnecting the RC charging circuit again, waiting for the bus voltage value to be 0, sending an instruction by the controller, connecting the RC charging circuit, reading the bus voltage value when the RC charging time is 5, wherein the bus voltage value is less than 0.99 direct current source voltage value and (0.99 direct current source voltage value-bus voltage value) > 5% 0.99 direct current source voltage value, and judging the fault of the pre-charging resistor; if the bus voltage value is greater than 0.95 × the dc source voltage value, go to step S13;
s13, judging whether the capacitance value of the capacitor is reduced due to aging of the direct current bus capacitor or not, so that the charging time is greatly reduced, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and when the bus voltage value is 0, switching on an RC charging loop, respectively recording the time when the capacitance value of the direct current bus capacitor reaches 0.63 time, 0.86 time and 0.95 time of the direct current source voltage value, and comparing the recorded time with theoretical charging time corresponding to the direct current source voltage value of 0.63 time, the direct current source voltage value of 0.86 time and the direct current source voltage value of 0.95 time so as to judge whether the direct current bus capacitor has the aging fault.
Further, theoretical charging times corresponding to the direct current source voltage value of 0.63 times, the direct current source voltage value of 0.86 times and the direct current source voltage value of 0.95 times are respectively RC, 2RC and 3RC, and if the recorded time is 20% less than the theoretical calculated value, it is determined that the direct current bus capacitor has the aging fault.
Further, the step S2 is embodied as: if the RC charging circuit can work normally, the bus voltage value is equal to the direct-current source voltage value, the RC pre-charging circuit switch is closed, the RC charging circuit works, after the 5RC charging circuit is charged, the controller sends out an instruction to close the main circuit contactor, the pre-charging resistor is disconnected, 3 times of sampling of the bus voltage value are conducted at intervals of 3 seconds, and if 3 times of sampling values of the bus voltage value show a descending trend, the main circuit contactor or the fuse is indicated to be damaged.
Further, in step S3, if the difference between the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor exceeds 5%, it is determined that the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor are defective.
Further, in step S4, the controller specifically outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty cycle of 60% and a PWM2 control signal with a duty cycle of 80%, and after operating for a period of time, reads a current value of the second output current sensor, where the theoretical current value is equal to (2 × duty cycle-1) × bus voltage value/electromagnet resistance value, and if the read current value differs from the theoretical current value by 10%, determines that at least one of the first output reactance, the second output reactance, and the electromagnet has a fault.
Further, the step S5 is embodied as: the controller outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty ratio of 10%, the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is controlled to be in a switch state, the PWM2 keeps low level at the moment, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is guaranteed to be in a cut-off state, and if the controller monitors the state output signal of the IGBT driver, the first diode is judged to have a short-circuit fault; the controller outputs a PWM2 control signal with a duty ratio of 10%, the second IGBT is controlled to be in a switch state, at the moment, the PWM1 keeps low level, the first IGBT is guaranteed to be in a cut-off state, and if the controller monitors the state output signal of the driver, the second diode is judged to have a short-circuit fault.
Further, the step S6 is embodied as:
under the normal condition of the main loop contactor, the fuse, the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor, the controller outputs a normally open PWM1 control signal to control the first insulated gate bipolar transistor to be in a conducting state, at the moment, the PWM2 keeps a low level, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is ensured to be in a cut-off state, the current value of the second output current sensor is read, and if the current value is not 0, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor has a short-circuit fault;
the controller outputs a normally open PWM2 control signal to ensure that the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a conducting state, at the moment, the PWM1 keeps low level, ensures that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a stopping state, reads the current value of the second output current sensor, and judges that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor has short-circuit fault if the current value is not 0;
the controller outputs a normally high PWM1 control signal to control the first insulated gate bipolar transistor to be in a conducting state, at the moment, the controller outputs a PWM2 control signal with a duty ratio of 60%, the current value of the second output current sensor is read, and if the current value is 0, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor has an open circuit fault;
the controller outputs a normally high PWM2 control signal to control the second IGBT to be in a conducting state, at the moment, the controller outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty ratio of 60%, the current value of the second output current sensor is read, and if the current value is 0, the first IGBT has an open circuit fault.
Compared with the prior art, the method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train has the advantages that on the premise that the sensors and additional equipment are not added, the controller of the suspension chopper sends out a control instruction, the numerical values of all original sensors of the chopper are read, corresponding judgment is further made, fault diagnosis of key devices of the chopper is sequentially achieved, and the method is simple in monitoring, convenient and efficient.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a floating chopper according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for diagnosing faults of a suspension chopper of a magnetic suspension train according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of an RC charging loop diagnosis according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: the system comprises a direct current power supply-V, RC pre-charging circuit switch-K1, a main loop contactor-K2, a pre-charging resistor-R1, a fuse-FU 1, a direct current bus capacitor-C1, a direct current bus voltage sensor-VO 1, a first insulated gate bipolar transistor-IGBT 1, a second insulated gate bipolar transistor-IGBT 2, a first diode-D1, a second diode-D2, a first output reactance-L1, a second output reactance-L2, a first output current sensor-CU 1, a second output current sensor-CU 2 and an electromagnet interface-P2.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. Before the technical scheme of the method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train is explained, the following terms are specifically explained:
pwm (pulse width modulation), pulse width modulation;
igbt (insulated gate bipolar transistor), insulated gate bipolar transistor.
For a better understanding of the invention, the basic structure of the floating chopper is first explained. FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the suspension chopper. As shown in fig. 1, the floating chopper includes a controller, a filter, an RC pre-charge circuit switch K1, a main circuit contactor K2, a pre-charge resistor R1, a fuse FU1, a dc bus capacitor C1, a dc bus voltage sensor VO1, an analog-to-digital converter, an IGBT driver, a first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, a second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a first output reactance L1, a second output reactance L2, a first output current sensor CU1, a second output current sensor CU2, and an electromagnet interface P2, wherein the dc bus voltage sensor and the analog-to-digital converter form a bus voltage sampling circuit, the RC pre-charge circuit switch K1, the pre-charge resistor R1, the fuse FU1, and the dc bus capacitor C1 form an RC charge circuit, the filter is connected to a dc power supply V through the power supply input interface P1, the dc power supply V provides a dc source voltage, the controller sends out PWM1 and PWM2 control signals, and is respectively connected with a first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 and a second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 after passing through an IGBT driver, namely the PWM1 is an IGBT1 control signal, the PWM2 is an IGBT2 control signal, and an electromagnet interface P2 is connected with an electromagnet.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for diagnosing a fault of a suspension chopper of a magnetic levitation train, which specifically includes the following steps:
(1) and RC charging loop diagnosis:
the controller sends an instruction to switch on the RC charging circuit, when the charging time is 10RC, the bus voltage value is read through the direct current bus capacitor C1, if the difference value between the direct current source voltage value and the bus voltage value is less than 5% of the direct current source voltage value, the bus voltage sampling circuit is judged to be normal, and if not, the bus voltage sampling circuit is judged to be abnormal; the unit of the pre-charging resistor R in the RC charging circuit is ohm, the unit of the direct-current bus capacitor C is Farad, and the time unit is second;
disconnecting the RC charging circuit, waiting for the bus voltage value to be 0, sending an instruction by the controller, connecting the RC charging circuit, reading the bus voltage value when the RC charging time is 3, if the bus voltage value is less than 0.95 times the DC source voltage value and (0.95 times the DC source voltage value-the bus voltage value) > 5%. 0.95 times the DC source voltage, disconnecting the RC charging circuit again, waiting for the bus voltage value to be 0, sending an instruction by the controller, connecting the RC charging circuit, reading the bus voltage value when the RC charging time is 5, and judging that the precharge resistor R1 has a fault when the bus voltage value is less than 0.99 times the DC source voltage value and (0.99 times the DC source voltage value-the bus voltage value) > 5%. 0.99 times the DC source voltage value;
if the bus voltage value is greater than 0.95 × dc source voltage value, it needs to be determined whether the capacitance value of the capacitor is reduced due to aging of the dc bus capacitor C1, so that the charging time is greatly reduced, which is specifically represented as:
and when the bus voltage value is 0, switching on an RC charging loop, respectively recording the time (generally recorded by a timer) when the capacitance value of the DC bus capacitor C1 reaches 0.63 time, 0.86 time and 0.95 time of the DC source voltage value, and comparing the recorded time with the theoretical charging time corresponding to the DC source voltage value of 0.63 time, the DC source voltage value of 0.86 time and the DC source voltage value of 0.95 time, wherein the theoretical charging time corresponding to the DC source voltage value of 0.63 time, the DC source voltage value of 0.86 time and the DC source voltage value of 0.95 time is respectively RC, 2RC and 3RC, and if the recorded time is 20 percent smaller than the theoretical calculated value, judging that the aging fault of the DC bus capacitor C1 occurs.
(2) Fault diagnosis of main loop contactor K2 and fuse FU 1:
if the RC charging circuit can work normally, the sampled bus voltage value is equal to the direct-current source voltage value, the RC pre-charging circuit switch K1 is closed, the RC charging circuit works, after the 5RC charging circuit finishes charging, the controller sends out an instruction to close the main circuit contactor K2, the pre-charging resistor K1 is disconnected, the bus voltage value is sampled for multiple times at an interval of 3s and read, and if the 3-time sampling value of the bus voltage value shows a descending trend, the main circuit contactor K2 or the fuse FU1 is damaged.
(3) Fault diagnosis of the first output current sensor CU1 and the second output current sensor CU 2:
by comparing the magnitude of the two current sampling values of the first output current sensor CU1 and the second output current sensor CU2, if the difference between the first output current sensor CU1 and the second output current sensor CU2 exceeds 5%, it is determined that the current sensors are faulty.
(4) First output reactance L1, second output reactance L2 and electromagnet fault diagnosis:
under the normal condition of a main loop contactor K2, a fuse FU1, a first output current sensor CU1 and a second output current sensor CU2, a direct current power supply V is adopted to supply power to the suspension chopper, a controller specifically outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty ratio of 60% and a PWM2 control signal with a duty ratio of 80%, after the suspension chopper runs for a period of time, the current value of the second output current sensor CU2 is read, the theoretical current value is equal to (2 × duty ratio-1) bus voltage value/electromagnet resistance value, and if the difference between the read current value and the theoretical current value is 10%, at least one fault of the first output reactance L1, the second output reactance L2 and the electromagnet is judged.
(5) Fault diagnosis of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2:
the controller outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty ratio of 10%, the first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 is controlled to be in a switching state, the PWM2 keeps low level at the moment, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 is guaranteed to be in a cut-off state, and if the controller monitors the state output signal of the IGBT driver, the short-circuit fault of the first diode D1 is judged; the controller outputs a PWM2 control signal with a duty ratio of 10%, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 is controlled to be in a switching state, at the moment, the PWM1 keeps low level, the first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 is guaranteed to be in a cut-off state, and if the controller monitors the state output signal of the IGBT driver, the second diode D2 is judged to have a short-circuit fault;
(6) fault diagnosis of the first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 and the second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT 2:
under the normal condition of a main loop contactor K2, a fuse FU1, a first output current sensor CU1 and a second output current sensor CU2, a controller outputs a normally open PWM1 control signal to control a first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 to be in a conducting state, at the moment, a PWM2 keeps a low level, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 is guaranteed to be in a blocking state, the current value of the second output current sensor CU2 is read, and if the current value is not 0, a short-circuit fault occurs in a second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT 2;
the controller outputs a normally open PWM2 control signal to ensure that the second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 is in a conducting state, at the moment, the PWM1 keeps low level, the first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 is ensured to be in a cut-off state, the current value of the second output current sensor CU2 is read, and if the current value is not 0, it is judged that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 has a short-circuit fault;
the controller outputs a normally high PWM1 control signal to control the first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 to be in a conducting state, at the moment, the controller outputs a PWM2 control signal with a duty ratio of 60%, the current value of the second output current sensor CU2 is read, and if the current value is 0, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 is subjected to open-circuit fault;
the controller outputs a normally high PWM2 control signal to control the second IGBT2 to be in a conducting state, at the moment, the controller outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty ratio of 60%, the current value of the second output current sensor CU2 is read, and if the current value is 0, the first IGBT1 is subjected to open-circuit fault
In summary, the fault diagnosis of the suspension chopper comprises fault diagnosis of an RC charging loop, fault diagnosis of a main loop contactor K2 and a fuse FU1, fault diagnosis of a first output current sensor CU1 and a second output current sensor CU2, fault diagnosis of a first output reactance L1, a second output reactance L2 and an electromagnet, fault diagnosis of a first diode D1 and a second diode D2, and fault diagnosis of a first insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1 and a second insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT 2.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A fault diagnosis method for a suspension chopper of a maglev train comprises a controller, a filter, an RC pre-charging circuit switch, a main loop contactor, a pre-charging resistor, a fuse, a direct current bus capacitor, a direct current bus voltage sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, an IGBT driver, a first insulated gate bipolar transistor, a second insulated gate bipolar transistor, a first diode, a second diode, a first output reactance, a second output reactance, a first output current sensor, a second output current sensor and an electromagnet interface, wherein the direct current bus voltage sensor and the analog-to-digital converter form a bus voltage sampling circuit, the RC pre-charging circuit switch, the pre-charging resistor, the fuse and the direct current bus capacitor form an RC charging circuit, the filter is connected with a direct current power supply through a direct current power supply input interface, the direct current power supply provides direct current source voltage, the controller sends PWM1 and PWM2 control signals, and the control signals are respectively connected to a first insulated gate bipolar transistor and a second insulated gate bipolar transistor after passing through an IGBT driver, and an electromagnet interface is connected with an electromagnet, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, RC charging loop diagnosis: the controller sends out an instruction, an RC charging loop is connected, a bus voltage value is read through the direct current bus capacitor according to set charging time, the difference value between the direct current source voltage value and the bus voltage value is compared with a set certain direct current source voltage value, and fault diagnosis of the bus voltage sampling circuit, the pre-charging resistor and the direct current bus capacitor is sequentially carried out;
s2, main circuit contactor and fuse fault diagnosis: if the RC charging circuit can work normally, the sampled bus voltage value is equal to the direct-current source voltage value, an RC pre-charging circuit switch is closed, the RC charging circuit works, after the RC charging circuit finishes charging within set time, a controller sends an instruction to close a main circuit contactor, a pre-charging resistor is disconnected, the bus voltage value is sampled for multiple times at certain intervals and read, and if multiple sampling values of the bus voltage value show a descending trend, the main circuit contactor or a fuse is damaged;
s3, fault diagnosis of the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor: comparing the difference value of the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor with a set threshold value by comparing the magnitude of two current sampling values of the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor, and judging that the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor have faults;
s4, diagnosing the first output reactance, the second output reactance and the electromagnet fault: under the normal condition of the main loop contactor, the fuse, the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor, a direct current power supply is adopted to supply power to the suspension chopper, the controller controls and outputs a PWM1 signal and a PWM2 signal, after the operation is carried out for a period of time, the current value of the second output current sensor is read, the read current value is compared with a theoretical current value, and whether the first output reactance, the second output reactance and the electromagnet are in fault or not is judged;
s5, fault diagnosis of the first diode and the second diode: the controller controls and outputs a PWM1 control signal to ensure that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a switching state and the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a cut-off state, and whether the first diode breaks down or not is judged according to whether the controller monitors the state output signal of the IGBT driver or not; the controller controls and outputs a PWM2 control signal to ensure that the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a switching state and the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a cut-off state, and whether the second diode has a short-circuit fault is judged according to whether the controller monitors the state output signal of the IGBT driver;
s6, diagnosing faults of the first insulated gate bipolar transistor and the second insulated gate bipolar transistor: under the normal condition of the main loop contactor, the fuse, the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor, the controller ensures that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a conducting state by controlling output PWM1 and PWM2 signals, reads the current value of the second output current sensor, compares the current value with a preset current threshold value and further judges whether the first insulated gate bipolar transistor breaks down or not; the controller ensures that the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a conducting state by controlling the output PWM1 and PWM2 signals, reads the current value of the second output current sensor, compares the current value with a preset current threshold value, and further judges whether the second output current sensor fails.
2. The method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 is divided into the following steps:
s11, the controller sends out an instruction to switch on the RC charging circuit, when the charging time is 10RC, the bus voltage value is read through the direct current bus capacitor, if the difference value between the direct current source voltage value and the bus voltage value is less than 5% of the direct current source voltage value, the bus voltage sampling circuit is judged to be normal, otherwise, the bus voltage sampling circuit is judged to be abnormal;
s12, disconnecting the RC charging circuit, waiting for the bus voltage value to be 0, sending an instruction by the controller, connecting the RC charging circuit, reading the bus voltage value when the RC charging time is 3, if the bus voltage value is less than 0.95 direct current source voltage value and (0.95 direct current source voltage value-bus voltage value) > 5% 0.95 direct current source voltage, disconnecting the RC charging circuit again, waiting for the bus voltage value to be 0, sending an instruction by the controller, connecting the RC charging circuit, reading the bus voltage value when the RC charging time is 5, wherein the bus voltage value is less than 0.99 direct current source voltage value and (0.99 direct current source voltage value-bus voltage value) > 5% 0.99 direct current source voltage value, and judging the fault of the pre-charging resistor; if the bus voltage value is greater than 0.95 × the dc source voltage value, go to step S13;
s13, judging whether the capacitance value of the capacitor is reduced due to aging of the direct current bus capacitor or not, so that the charging time is greatly reduced, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and when the bus voltage value is 0, switching on an RC charging loop, respectively recording the time when the capacitance value of the direct current bus capacitor reaches 0.63 time, 0.86 time and 0.95 time of the direct current source voltage value, and comparing the recorded time with theoretical charging time corresponding to the direct current source voltage value of 0.63 time, the direct current source voltage value of 0.86 time and the direct current source voltage value of 0.95 time so as to judge whether the direct current bus capacitor has the aging fault.
3. The method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train as claimed in claim 2, wherein the theoretical charging time corresponding to the direct current source voltage value of 0.63 times, the direct current source voltage value of 0.86 times and the direct current source voltage value of 0.95 times is respectively RC, 2RC and 3RC, and if the recorded time is 20% less than the theoretical calculated value, the aging fault of the direct current bus capacitor is determined.
4. The method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S2 is embodied as follows: if the RC charging circuit can work normally, the bus voltage value is equal to the direct-current source voltage value, the RC pre-charging circuit switch is closed, the RC charging circuit works, after the 5RC charging circuit is charged, the controller sends out an instruction to close the main circuit contactor, the pre-charging resistor is disconnected, 3 times of sampling of the bus voltage value are conducted at intervals of 3 seconds, and if 3 times of sampling values of the bus voltage value show a descending trend, the main circuit contactor or the fuse is indicated to be damaged.
5. The method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S3 is implemented to determine that the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor are faulty if the difference between the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor exceeds 5%.
6. The method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train as claimed in claim 5, wherein the controller specifically outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty ratio of 60% and a PWM2 control signal with a duty ratio of 80% in step S4, and after a period of operation, reads the current value of the second output current sensor, wherein the theoretical current value is equal to (2 × duty ratio-1) × bus voltage value/electromagnet resistance value, and if the read current value is different from the theoretical current value by 10%, determines that at least one of the first output reactance, the second output reactance and the electromagnet is faulty.
7. The method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step S5 is embodied as follows: the controller outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty ratio of 10%, the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is controlled to be in a switch state, the PWM2 keeps low level at the moment, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is guaranteed to be in a cut-off state, and if the controller monitors the state output signal of the IGBT driver, the first diode is judged to have a short-circuit fault; the controller outputs a PWM2 control signal with a duty ratio of 10%, the second IGBT is controlled to be in a switch state, at the moment, the PWM1 keeps low level, the first IGBT is guaranteed to be in a cut-off state, and if the controller monitors the state output signal of the driver, the second diode is judged to have a short-circuit fault.
8. The method for diagnosing the fault of the suspension chopper of the magnetic suspension train as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step S6 is embodied as follows:
under the normal condition of the main loop contactor, the fuse, the first output current sensor and the second output current sensor, the controller outputs a normally open PWM1 control signal to control the first insulated gate bipolar transistor to be in a conducting state, at the moment, the PWM2 keeps a low level, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is ensured to be in a cut-off state, the current value of the second output current sensor is read, and if the current value is not 0, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor has a short-circuit fault;
the controller outputs a normally open PWM2 control signal to ensure that the second insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a conducting state, at the moment, the PWM1 keeps low level, ensures that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a stopping state, reads the current value of the second output current sensor, and judges that the first insulated gate bipolar transistor has short-circuit fault if the current value is not 0;
the controller outputs a normally high PWM1 control signal to control the first insulated gate bipolar transistor to be in a conducting state, at the moment, the controller outputs a PWM2 control signal with a duty ratio of 60%, the current value of the second output current sensor is read, and if the current value is 0, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor has an open circuit fault;
the controller outputs a normally high PWM2 control signal to control the second IGBT to be in a conducting state, at the moment, the controller outputs a PWM1 control signal with a duty ratio of 60%, the current value of the second output current sensor is read, and if the current value is 0, the first IGBT has an open circuit fault.
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