CN112111616A - Cold-pressed composite furnace charge for blast furnace ironmaking and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cold-pressed composite furnace charge for blast furnace ironmaking and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112111616A CN112111616A CN201910535091.1A CN201910535091A CN112111616A CN 112111616 A CN112111616 A CN 112111616A CN 201910535091 A CN201910535091 A CN 201910535091A CN 112111616 A CN112111616 A CN 112111616A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cold-pressed composite furnace burden for blast furnace ironmaking and a preparation method thereof, and mainly solves the technical problem that the iron-containing wastes such as iron shavings, scrap iron and the like can not be directly used as the blast furnace ironmaking furnace burden. The invention relates to a cold-pressed composite furnace charge for blast furnace ironmaking, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 88-91% of Fe, 8-10% of C, less than or equal to 0.01% of Zn, and the balance of inevitable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%, and the normal-temperature dropping strength of the cold-pressed composite furnace charge is more than 5 times/3 m.times; the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is insulated for 30 minutes below 1000 ℃ and at 1000 ℃, the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is not pulverized, has no obvious soft melting region, and can fully drop below 1450 ℃ in a blast furnace environment. The cold-pressed composite furnace burden can be used as a furnace burden for increasing the yield and saving energy of a blast furnace and can also be used as a furnace burden for regulating the condition of the blast furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to furnace burden for blast furnace ironmaking, in particular to cold-pressed composite furnace burden for blast furnace ironmaking and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking.
Background
At present, the total amount of scrap steel generated in China every year is about 1 hundred million tons, which accounts for about 10 percent of the steel yield, and reaches 2 hundred million tons in 2020, and the total amount of the scrap steel is increased year by year, wherein 85-90 percent of the scrap steel is used as a steelmaking raw material, and the remaining 10-15 percent of the scrap steel is light and thin iron-containing waste, and because the bulk density is low and does not meet the process characteristic requirements of converter steelmaking, the converter steelmaking is rarely used, even if an individual steel mill is used reluctantly, the yield is low and the efficiency is poor, and the overall benefit of the steel mill can be. Therefore, how to better use the iron-containing waste is a current problem facing the whole steel industry.
The blast furnace has obvious advantages on the yield of iron elements and the smelting efficiency, if the iron-containing wastes can be used for blast furnace ironmaking, the economic and technical level of the application can be obviously improved, the efficiency of a steel mill is improved, and a large amount of social wastes can be consumed, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection. However, because the blast furnace smelting process has high requirements on the granularity, strength, related metallurgical properties and the like of the raw materials entering the furnace, most iron-containing wastes, such as iron shavings, processing scrap iron and the like, are difficult to be directly used in the blast furnace and need to be processed first.
The conventional sintering and pelletizing process is not suitable for the treatment method of the iron-containing waste, because the sintering and pelletizing process utilizes the low-melting-point characteristic of minerals such as silicate, ferrite and the like formed by ores and added fluxes in the high-temperature process to form a binder phase, the sintered pellets obtain good strength and other metallurgical properties, the main component of the iron-containing waste is metallic iron, the mass percentage content of iron in the iron-containing waste is not less than 95%, the difference between the mass percentage content of iron in the iron-containing waste and the phase composition of iron ore is large, and the process condition of sintering and pelletizing is not provided.
Other iron ore powder agglomeration methods also include a manufacturing method of iron coke, in the method, iron ore, coke powder and coal powder are added into a binder to be mixed, then the mixture is subjected to cold press molding, and then the mixture is dried at high temperature or is subjected to dry distillation at the temperature of more than 800 ℃, so that the finished iron coke has the comprehensive performance of coke and sintered pellets, the treatment process is complex, heat consumption is required, and the economical efficiency and the environmental protection are poor.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN101619386A discloses a blast furnace iron coke and its preparation and application, wherein the iron coke comprises, by mass, 10-70 wt% of coke powder, 20-82 wt% of an iron-containing raw material, and 8-10 wt% of a binder, and is prepared by cold press molding and then drying at 300-600 ℃ to obtain iron coke, and according to different requirements of a blast furnace, the iron coke with different performances is prepared by adjusting the proportion of related materials within the above proportion range.
In summary, most of the iron-containing materials in the conventional sintering and pelletizing process and the ferro coke production process are iron oxides, and high-temperature treatment is required to consume energy, and the iron element in the iron-containing waste exists basically in the form of metallic iron, so the treatment process is not suitable for processing the iron-containing waste in terms of economy, technology and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cold-pressed composite furnace burden for blast furnace ironmaking and a preparation method thereof, and mainly solves the technical problem that the iron-containing waste such as iron shavings, scrap iron and the like cannot be directly used as the blast furnace ironmaking furnace burden.
The iron shavings are formed in the process of machining steel parts.
The invention has the technical idea that iron-containing wastes such as iron shavings, scrap iron and the like are mixed according to a certain proportion, then coke powder with a certain proportion is added, and the mixture is cold-pressed into ellipsoidal furnace charges with proper particle size by a forming machine for blast furnace smelting.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the cold-pressed composite furnace charge for blast furnace ironmaking comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 88-91% of Fe, 8-10% of C, less than or equal to 0.01% of Zn, and the balance of inevitable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%.
The cold-pressed composite furnace charge for blast furnace ironmaking comprises, by weight, 70-90% of iron shavings, 10-20% of scrap iron and 9-12% of coke powder, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the raw material components is 100%.
The cold-pressed composite furnace burden is ellipsoidal, and the shape and the size of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden are as follows: 50 to 60mm × 30 to 40mm × 20 to 25 mm.
The reason why the chemical composition of the cold-pressed composite charging material for blast furnace ironmaking is limited in the above range is as follows:
fe: the iron content of the cold-pressed composite furnace charge is more than 88 percent and is metallic iron, and the iron content is more than 98 percent when the calculation is carried out after C is deducted; in a low-temperature area in the blast furnace, specifically, the temperature is kept below 1000 ℃ and at 1000 ℃ for 30 minutes, the cold-pressed composite furnace charge does not have pulverization, and has no obvious soft melting area, and can fully drop below 1450 ℃ in the blast furnace environment.
The cold-pressed composite furnace burden can be used as a furnace burden for increasing the yield and saving energy of a blast furnace and can also be used as a furnace burden for regulating the condition of the blast furnace, the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is generally matched with conventional sintered ore and pellet ore of the blast furnace for use, the using amount of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is not more than 150 kg/ton of pig iron, and the specific selection is determined according to the specific conditions of the blast furnace. Because of its ultra-high iron content and traditional furnace charge have no comparable metallurgical energy, it can obviously raise blast furnace output and reduce fuel ratio.
The preparation method of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden for blast furnace ironmaking comprises the following steps:
1) proportioning, namely weighing iron shavings, scrap iron and coke powder according to the proportion;
2) mixing materials, namely uniformly mixing iron shavings, scrap iron and coke powder by using a stirrer, wherein the uniformly mixed materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 70-90% of iron shavings, 10-20% of scrap iron and 9-12% of coke powder, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the raw material components is 100%;
3) cold pressing into an ellipsoid, and cold pressing the uniformly mixed material into the ellipsoid by using a double-roller press.
Further, in the step 3), the working pressure of the double-roll press is controlled to be 500-800 MPa; the shape and the size of the cold-pressing composite furnace charge are controlled to be 50-60 mm multiplied by 30-40 mm multiplied by 20-25 mm.
In the process of cold pressing the cold-pressed composite furnace burden into an ellipsoid, the iron shavings can play a good skeleton role and are mutually occluded and linked, the formed cold-pressed composite furnace burden has good cold strength and hot strength, and the normal-temperature falling strength of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is more than 5 times/3 m.
The normal-temperature falling strength of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is characterized in that the cold-pressed composite furnace burden vertically falls from a height of 3m and impacts on a Q195P steel floor, and the experiment is repeated, wherein the free falling times when the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is broken are the normal-temperature falling strength of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden.
The heat intensity of the cold-pressed composite furnace charge is that the cold-pressed composite furnace charge is kept at the temperature of below 1000 ℃ and 1000 ℃ for 30 minutes, and the cold-pressed composite furnace charge is not pulverized.
The raw materials of the invention comprise iron shavings, scrap iron and coke powder, and the weight percentage of the components of the raw materials is as follows:
iron shaving: fe is more than or equal to 98 percent, and Zn is less than or equal to 0.01 percent;
scrap iron: fe is more than or equal to 98 percent, and Zn is less than or equal to 0.01 percent;
coke powder: c is more than or equal to 85 percent.
The shape and size of the iron shavings are as follows: the length is 10-50 mm, the width is less than or equal to 5mm, and the thickness is less than or equal to 2 mm; the particle size of the scrap iron is less than or equal to 3 mm; the grain diameter of the coke powder is less than or equal to 3 mm.
The blast furnace iron making method by adopting the cold-pressed composite furnace charge comprises the following steps:
1) preparing iron ore raw materials, and preparing the iron ore raw materials according to the control requirement that the slag-iron ratio is less than or equal to 290kg/t, wherein the iron ore raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 73-80% of sinter, 15-20% of lump ore, 2-3% of pellet ore, less than or equal to 10% of cold pressing composite furnace charge, 100% of the sum of the weight percentages of the components in the iron ore raw material, and controlling the binary alkalinity R of the iron ore raw material21.60 to 1.70;
2) distributing, namely alternately distributing coke and iron ore raw materials into a blast furnace to form an alternate layered structure of a ore layer and a coke layer, and controlling a sintered ore to be positioned at the lower part of the ore layer and lump ore and pellets to be positioned at the upper part of the ore layer;
3) blast furnace smelting, controlling molten iron temperature T in the smelting processpThe temperature of the furnace slag is more than or equal to 1480 ℃, and the temperature of the furnace slag is more than or equal to 1500 ℃;
4) and (4) normally tapping.
After the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is added into a blast furnace, the iron content of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is far higher than that of the conventional iron oreThe slag ratio can be obviously reduced, the yield of the blast furnace is improved, and the fuel consumption is reduced; because the main component in the furnace burden is metallic iron, no pulverization occurs in the medium-low temperature region; under the working conditions of high temperature and reduction in the blast furnace, coke powder and CO in the furnace burden2Is more reactive than normal coke in the blast furnace column, and therefore preferentially reacts with CO in the blast furnace gas2Carrying out gasification reaction: c + CO2→ 2CO, thereby protecting the coke from reaching the lower part of the blast furnace in a better state; the coke powder in the cold-pressed composite furnace charge can also have a carburizing reaction with iron-containing materials:
3Fe(L)+C→Fe3c (L) meets the requirements of molten iron smelting per se, and does not consume other normal coke; the main component of the cold-pressed composite furnace charge is metallic iron, no obvious soft melting region exists after carburization, and the cold-pressed composite furnace charge can be completely melted and dropped at the temperature of 1450 ℃ in a blast furnace. The cold-pressed composite furnace burden can better meet the smelting requirement of a blast furnace, improve the air permeability of the material column and promote the improvement of the technical and economic indexes of the blast furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects: 1. the cold-pressed composite furnace charge has ultrahigh grade due to the use of a large amount of iron-containing waste, can obviously reduce the blast furnace slag ratio, improve the blast furnace yield and reduce the fuel consumption. 2. The cold-pressed composite furnace charge can meet the self heat and smelting molten iron infiltration C requirements in the use process of the blast furnace due to the addition of the coke powder in a certain proportion, and does not need to additionally add fuel, thereby saving precious coke resources. 3. The cold-pressed composite furnace charge has no obvious reflow dripping performance in a high-temperature area of the blast furnace, can play a role of a skeleton of coke to a certain extent in the region of a reflow zone in the mixed use process of the cold-pressed composite furnace charge and conventional iron ore, can improve the air permeability of the reflow zone of the blast furnace, and promotes the improvement of the technical and economic indexes of the blast furnace. 4. The cold-pressed composite furnace burden does not generate pulverization in a blocky belt in the blast furnace, keeps a good original furnace entering granularity state, is beneficial to improving the air permeability of the blocky belt of the blast furnace and promotes the improvement of the technical and economic indexes of the blast furnace. 5. The iron-containing raw material used by the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is iron-containing waste, and the coke powder is also coke undersize which can not be used in large quantity in blast furnace production, so that resource recycling is realized, and the environment protection is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Embodiment 1, a cold-pressed composite burden for blast furnace ironmaking, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 88 percent of Fe, 10 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Zn and the balance of inevitable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent.
The preparation method of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden for blast furnace ironmaking comprises the following steps:
1) proportioning, namely weighing iron shavings, scrap iron and coke powder according to the proportion;
2) mixing materials, namely uniformly mixing iron shavings, scrap iron and coke powder by using a stirrer, wherein the uniformly mixed materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 75% of iron shavings, 15% of scrap iron and 10% of coke powder;
3) and cold-pressing the mixture into an ellipsoid, and cold-pressing the mixture into the ellipsoid by using a double-roll press, wherein the shape and the size of the cold-pressed composite furnace charge are controlled to be 50-60 mm multiplied by 30-40 mm multiplied by 20-25 mm, and the working pressure of the double-roll press is controlled to be 600 MPa.
In the cold-press molding process of the cold-press composite furnace burden, the shaving materials can play a good skeleton role and are mutually occluded and linked, so that the molded blocky furnace burden has good cold strength, and the falling strength is 8 times/3 m.
1280m at a company3The blast furnace is used, the adding amount is 80kg per ton of pig iron, the adding mode is that the pig iron is mixed with the conventional iron ore sinter and lump ore of the blast furnace and then is distributed into the blast furnace, the iron is normally smelted, after the composite furnace burden is used, the furnace condition is maintained to be stable and smooth, the output of the blast furnace is improved by nearly 10 percent, and the fuel ratio is reduced by 20 kg/t.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cold-pressed composite furnace charge for blast furnace ironmaking is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: fe 88-91%, C8-10%, Zn less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of inevitable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%.
2. The cold-pressed composite charge for blast furnace ironmaking according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold-pressed composite charge is prepared from the raw materials of iron shavings, iron filings and coke powder according to the composition of claim 1.
3. The cold-pressed composite charging material for blast furnace ironmaking according to claim 2, characterized in that the components of the cold-pressed composite charging material comprise, by weight, 70-90% of iron shavings, 10-20% of scrap iron and 9-12% of coke powder, and the sum of the weight percentages of the raw material components is 100%.
4. The cold-pressed composite charge for blast furnace ironmaking according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the raw materials comprise, by weight: fe is more than or equal to 98 percent, and Zn is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; scrap iron: fe is more than or equal to 98 percent, and Zn is less than or equal to 0.01 percent; coke powder: c is more than or equal to 85 percent.
5. The cold-pressed composite charge for blast furnace ironmaking according to claim 1, wherein the shape and size of the cold-pressed composite charge are as follows: 50 to 60mm × 30 to 40mm × 20 to 25 mm.
6. The cold-pressed composite furnace burden for blast furnace ironmaking is characterized in that the normal-temperature falling strength of the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is more than 5 times/3 m.times; the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is insulated for 30 minutes below 1000 ℃ and at 1000 ℃, the cold-pressed composite furnace burden is not pulverized, has no obvious soft melting region, and can fully drop below 1450 ℃ in a blast furnace environment.
7. A method of preparing the cold-pressed composite charge for blast furnace ironmaking according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) proportioning, namely weighing iron shavings, scrap iron and coke powder according to the proportion;
2) mixing materials, namely uniformly mixing iron shavings, scrap iron and coke powder by using a stirrer, wherein the weight percentage of the components of the uniformly mixed materials is 70-90% of the iron shavings, 10-20% of the scrap iron and 9-12% of the coke powder, and the sum of the weight percentage of the components of each raw material is 100%;
3) cold pressing into an ellipsoid, and cold pressing the uniformly mixed material into the ellipsoid by using a double-roller press.
8. The method for preparing the cold-pressed composite charge for blast furnace ironmaking according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 3), the working pressure of the double-roll press is controlled to be 500-800 MPa; the shape and the size of the cold-pressing composite furnace charge are controlled to be 50-60 mm multiplied by 30-40 mm multiplied by 20-25 mm.
9. A blast furnace iron-making method by adopting cold-pressed composite furnace charge comprises the following steps:
1) preparing iron ore raw materials, and preparing the iron ore raw materials according to the control requirement that the slag-iron ratio is less than or equal to 290kg/t, wherein the iron ore raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 73-80% of sinter, 15-20% of lump ore, 2-3% of pellet ore, less than or equal to 10% of cold pressing composite furnace charge, 100% of the sum of the weight percentages of the components in the iron ore raw material, and controlling the binary alkalinity R of the iron ore raw material21.60 to 1.70; the cold-pressed composite furnace charge comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 88-91% of Fe, 8-10% of C, less than or equal to 0.01% of Zn, and the balance of inevitable impurities, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%;
2) distributing, namely alternately distributing coke and iron ore raw materials into a blast furnace to form an alternate layered structure of a ore layer and a coke layer, and controlling a sintered ore to be positioned at the lower part of the ore layer and lump ore and pellets to be positioned at the upper part of the ore layer;
3) blast furnace smelting, controlling molten iron temperature T in the smelting processpThe temperature of the furnace slag is more than or equal to 1480 ℃, and the temperature of the furnace slag is more than or equal to 1500 ℃;
4) and (4) normally tapping.
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Application publication date: 20201222 |