CN112110663A - Low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/28—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from combustion residues, e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration
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- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/005—Geopolymer cements, e.g. reaction products of aluminosilicates with alkali metal hydroxides or silicates
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/26—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from raw materials containing flue dust, i.e. fly ash
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material is obtained by mixing and ball-milling fly ash, mineral powder and biomass incineration ash, and the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 portions of fly ash, 800 portions of mineral powder, 100 portions of biomass incineration ash and 1000 portions of the three components. Compared with the common alkali-activated cementing material, the alkali-activated cementing material provided by the invention has the advantages of high strength, small self-contraction and the like, and all performance indexes meet the use requirements of the cementing material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and relates to a low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The alkali-activated cementing material is a novel cementing material formed by mixing ground water-quenched blast furnace slag and an alkali activator. Compared with common portland cement, the alkali-activated slag cementing material has the excellent performances of low hydration heat, quick mechanical property development, good durability and the like, and becomes one of cementing materials for replacing portland cement. The method can effectively utilize industrial byproduct slag, and has the advantages of simple production process, low energy consumption, low natural resource consumption and low carbon dioxide emission (about 10% of the emission of ordinary portland cement), however, the early hydration rate of the alkali-activated cementing material is too high, the internal free moisture is reduced, the internal relative humidity is reduced, and the volume change caused by the increase of negative pressure generated in pores causes large early self-shrinkage and cracking. The early self-shrinkage of alkali-activated cementitious materials therefore limits their use in the construction field to some extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material is prepared by mixing and ball-milling fly ash, mineral powder and biomass incineration ash, and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 portions of fly ash, 800 portions of mineral powder, 100 portions of biomass incineration ash and 1000 portions of the three components.
According to the scheme, the specific surface area of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material is 0.298-0.436m2/g。
According to the scheme, the fly ash is secondary fly ash, the average particle size is 10-12 mu m, and the main chemical components and the mass percentage are as follows: SiO 22 56.55-57.62％，Al2O3 17.21-17.78％，Fe2O36.70 to 6.75 percent of CaO, 8.40 to 8.45 percent of CaO, and the density of the CaO is 2.21 to 2.25g/cm3。
According to the scheme, the alkalinity coefficient of the mineral powder is 0.78-0.80, the effective mass coefficient is 1.64-1.66, and the mineral powder comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by mass: CaO 29.5-30%, SiO2 34.5-35％，Al2O314.9-15%, density of 2.78-2.8g/cm3The average particle diameter is 3 to 4 μm.
According to the scheme, the biomass incineration ash is obtained by calcining the biomass material at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ for 6-8h, and SiO is obtained2The content is more than 80 percent (mass percentage), Na2O and K2The total content of O is more than 17.53 percent (mass percentage), and the aperture is 2-60 nm; the biomass material is selected from one of rice hulls, peanuts, wheat straws and bamboo leaves.
The invention also comprises a preparation method of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material, which comprises the following specific steps: mixing fly ash, mineral powder and biomass incineration ash in proportion, and placing the mixture in a ball mill for ball milling to obtain the composite material.
The invention also comprises the low-shrinkage alkali-activated concrete prepared from the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material, wherein the raw materials of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated concrete comprise the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material and an alkali activator.
According to the scheme, the alkali activator is obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, and the modulus is 1.0-1.5.
According to the scheme, the concentration of the industrial water glass is 0.172-0.178mol/L, and the sodium oxide (Na)2O) content of 9.5-9.7%, silicon dioxide (SiO)2) The content is 26.1-26.2%, the modulus Ms is 2.5-2.7, the water content is 48-50%, and the contents are all in mass percent.
According to the scheme, the mass ratio of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material to the alkali activator is 0.1-0.3: 1.
the invention also comprises a preparation method of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated concrete, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) adding an alkali activator, a water reducer and water into the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material, adding other raw materials (such as cementing material cement, aggregate and the like) according to the needs, and stirring to obtain low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry;
2) placing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 1) into a mould, and curing under standard conditions to obtain a low-shrinkage alkali-activated concrete test piece.
According to the scheme, the water reducing agent in the step 1) is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, the solid content is 20 +/-1%, the bleeding rate is 75-85%, and the gas content is 1-1.5%.
According to the scheme, the curing conditions in the step 2) are as follows: the curing temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 95 +/-1%, and the curing time is 24 h.
The invention also comprises the application of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material in the field of building materials.
The low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material is used in the process of preparing concrete, wherein mineral powder is subjected to hydration hardening reaction under the action of an alkali activator to enable a matrix to generate strength, and biomass incineration ash contains a large amount of silicon dioxide and a certain amount of alkaline elements such as potassium, sodium and the like, so that the potential activity of the cementing material can be better activated, the hydration process of the alkali-activated cementing material is promoted, the micro-pore structure of the alkali-activated cementing material is improved, the early self-shrinkage of the alkali-activated cementing material is reduced, and the mechanical property is improved. The biomass incineration ash also has water absorption/release characteristics, can slow down early self-drying and self-shrinkage of the alkali-activated cementing material so as to inhibit early shrinkage cracking of the alkali-activated cementing material, and contains a large amount of amorphous SiO2The high-performance pozzolana cement has high pozzolana activity, promotes the generation of C-S-H gel, reduces the internal porosity of hardened slurry, and improves the compressive strength of a matrix.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. compared with the common alkali-activated cementing material, the alkali-activated cementing material provided by the invention has the advantages of high strength, small self-contraction and the like, and all performance indexes meet the use requirements of the cementing material; 2. the preparation method is simple, the raw materials are basically industrial solid waste materials, the source is wide, the cost is low, the agricultural wastes such as biomass incineration ash and the like are recycled, the problems of slag accumulation and environmental pollution can be effectively solved, and the method has good economic and social benefits.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
The fly ash used in the embodiment of the invention is secondary fly ash, and the main chemical components and the mass percentage are as follows: SiO 22 57.62％，Al2O3 17.78％，Fe2O36.75 percent of CaO, 8.45 percent of CaO and the density of 2.25g/cm3The average particle size is 12 μm; the alkalinity coefficient of the used mineral powder is 0.80, the effective mass coefficient is 1.66, and the main chemical components and the mass percentage content are as follows: CaO 30%, SiO235％，Al2O315% and a density of 2.8g/cm3The average particle size is 4 μm; the biomass incineration ash is obtained by calcining a biomass material at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ for 8 h; the concentration of the industrial water glass is 0.178mol/L, the content of sodium oxide is 9.7 percent, the content of silicon dioxide is 26.2 percent, the modulus Ms is 2.70, and the water content is 50 percent; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, the solid content is 20%, the bleeding rate is 80%, and the gas content is 1.2%.
For convenience of comparison and performance explanation, in the concrete system in the embodiment of the invention, other raw materials are not added, and a neat paste test piece is obtained.
Example 1
A low shrinkage alkali-activated paste material is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) weighing 200 parts of fly ash, 600 parts of mineral powder and biomass incineration ash (rice hull ash with the pore diameter of 8-56nm and SiO)2The content of Na is 87.2 percent2O and K218 percent of total O content) are added together into the mixtureBall milling treatment is carried out in a ball mill to ensure that the specific surface area reaches 0.298m2The gel material is obtained;
2) adding 139 parts of alkali activator (obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, the modulus is 1.0), 6 parts of water reducer and 320 parts of water into 1000 parts of cementing material obtained in the step 1), wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.4, slowly stirring for 30s at the rotating speed of 140 +/-5 r/min, and then quickly stirring for 60s at the rotating speed of 285 +/-5 r/min to obtain low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry;
3) placing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 2) into a triple plastic mould with the thickness of 40mm multiplied by 40mm, trowelling the surface, wrapping the surface with a preservative film, and curing for 24 hours under standard conditions (the curing temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 95 +/-1%) to obtain a neat paste test piece.
Example 2
A low shrinkage alkali-activated paste material is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) weighing 100 parts of fly ash, 700 parts of mineral powder and biomass incineration ash (peanut shell ash with the pore diameter of 5-50nm and SiO)2The content of Na is 85.3 percent2O and K218 percent of total O content) are put into a ball mill together for ball milling treatment to ensure that the specific surface area reaches 0.312m2Placing the mixture in a container to obtain a cementing material;
2) 139 parts of alkali activator (obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, the modulus is 1.0, and the mixing amount of the water glass is Na2O is 3 percent of the using amount of the cementing material), 7 parts of water reducing agent and 320 parts of water are added into 1000 parts of the cementing material obtained in the step 1), the water-to-gel ratio is 0.4, the mixture is slowly stirred for 30s at the rotating speed of 140 +/-5 r/min, and then the mixture is rapidly stirred for 60s at the rotating speed of 285 +/-5 r/min, so that low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry is obtained;
3) placing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 2) into a triple plastic mould with the thickness of 40mm multiplied by 40mm, trowelling the surface, wrapping the surface with a preservative film, and curing for 24 hours under standard conditions (the curing temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 95 +/-1%) to obtain a neat paste test piece.
Example 3
A low shrinkage alkali-activated paste material is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) weighing 100 parts of fly ash, 800 parts of mineral powder and biomass incineration ash (wheat straw ash with the pore diameter of 6-52nm and SiO)2The content of Na is 86.5 percent2O and K218 percent of total O content) are put into a ball mill together for ball milling treatment to ensure that the specific surface area reaches 0.336m2The gel material is obtained;
2) 139 parts of alkali activator (obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, the modulus is 1.0, and the mixing amount of the water glass is Na2O is 3 percent of the using amount of the cementing material), 8 parts of water reducing agent and 320 parts of water are added into 1000 parts of the cementing material obtained in the step 1), the water-to-gel ratio is 0.4, the mixture is slowly stirred for 30s at the rotating speed of 140 +/-5 r/min, and then the mixture is rapidly stirred for 60s at the rotating speed of 285 +/-5 r/min, so that low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry is obtained;
3) placing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 2) into a triple plastic mould with the thickness of 40mm multiplied by 40mm, trowelling the surface, wrapping the surface with a preservative film, and curing for 24 hours under standard conditions (the curing temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 95 +/-1%) to obtain a neat paste test piece.
Example 4
A low shrinkage alkali-activated paste material is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) weighing 200 parts of fly ash, 600 parts of mineral powder and biomass incineration ash (bamboo leaf ash, the pore diameter is 4-50nm, SiO) according to the mass parts2The content of Na is 85.5 percent2O and K218 percent of total O content) are put into a ball mill together for ball milling treatment to ensure that the specific surface area reaches 0.375m2The gel material is obtained;
2) 139 parts of alkali activator (obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, the modulus is 1.0, and the mixing amount of the water glass is Na2O is 3 percent of the using amount of the cementing material), 9 parts of water reducing agent and 320 parts of water are added into 1000 parts of the cementing material obtained in the step 1), the water-to-gel ratio is 0.4, the mixture is slowly stirred for 30s at the rotating speed of 140 +/-5 r/min, and then the mixture is rapidly stirred for 60s at the rotating speed of 285 +/-5 r/min, so that low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry is obtained;
3) placing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 2) into a triple plastic mould with the thickness of 40mm multiplied by 40mm, trowelling the surface, wrapping the surface with a preservative film, and curing for 24 hours under standard conditions (the curing temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 95 +/-1%) to obtain a neat paste test piece.
Example 5
A low shrinkage alkali-activated paste material is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) weighing 200 parts of fly ash, 600 parts of mineral powder and biomass incineration ash (rice hull ash with the pore diameter of 6-52nm and SiO)2The content of Na is 86.6 percent2O and K218 percent of total O content) are put into a ball mill together for ball milling treatment to ensure that the specific surface area reaches 0.398m2The gel material is obtained;
2) 185 parts of alkali activator (obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, the modulus is 1.0, and the mixing amount of the water glass is Na2O is 4 percent of the using amount of the cementing material), 6 parts of water reducing agent and 293 parts of water are added into 1000 parts of the cementing material obtained in the step 1), the water-to-gel ratio is 0.4, the mixture is slowly stirred for 30s at the rotating speed of 140 +/-5 r/min, and then the mixture is rapidly stirred for 60s at the rotating speed of 285 +/-5 r/min, so that low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry is obtained;
3) placing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 2) into a triple plastic mould with the thickness of 40mm multiplied by 40mm, trowelling the surface, wrapping the surface with a preservative film, and curing for 24 hours under standard conditions (the curing temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 95 +/-1%) to obtain a neat paste test piece.
Example 6
A low shrinkage alkali-activated paste material is prepared by the following specific steps:
1) weighing 200 parts of fly ash, 600 parts of mineral powder and biomass incineration ash (peanut shell ash with the pore diameter of 6-50nm and SiO)2The content of Na is 86.2 percent2O and K218 percent of total O content) are put into a ball mill together for ball milling treatment to ensure that the specific surface area reaches 0.436m2The gel material is obtained;
2) 232 parts of alkali activator (obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, the modulus is 1.0, and the mixing amount of the water glass is Na2O is 5 percent of the dosage of the cementing material), 6 parts of water reducing agent and 266 parts of water are added into 1000 parts of the cementing material obtained in the step 1), the water-to-gel ratio is 0.4, the mixture is slowly stirred for 30s at the rotating speed of 140 +/-5 r/min, and then the mixture is rapidly stirred for 60s at the rotating speed of 285 +/-5 r/min, so that low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry is obtained;
3) placing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 2) into a triple plastic mould with the thickness of 40mm multiplied by 40mm, trowelling the surface, wrapping the surface with a preservative film, and curing for 24 hours under standard conditions (the curing temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 95 +/-1%) to obtain a neat paste test piece.
Comparative example 1
Under the condition of not doping biomass incineration ash, preparing an alkali-activated neat paste material, wherein the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 300 parts of fly ash and 700 parts of mineral powder according to the mass parts, putting the fly ash and the 700 parts of mineral powder into a ball mill together for ball milling treatment to ensure that the specific surface area reaches 0.362m2The gel material is obtained;
2) 139 parts of alkali activator (obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, the modulus is 1.0, and the mixing amount of the water glass is Na2O is 3 percent of the using amount of the cementing material), 6 parts of water reducing agent and 320 parts of water are added into 1000 parts of the cementing material obtained in the step 1), the water-to-gel ratio is 0.4, the mixture is slowly stirred for 30s at the rotating speed of 140 +/-5 r/min, and then the mixture is rapidly stirred for 60s at the rotating speed of 285 +/-5 r/min, so that alkali-activated cementing material slurry is obtained;
3) placing the alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 2) into a triple plastic mould with the thickness of 40mm multiplied by 40mm, trowelling the surface, wrapping the surface with a preservative film, and curing for 24 hours under standard conditions (the curing temperature is 20 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 95 +/-1%) to obtain a neat paste test piece.
The performance of the alkali-activated neat paste of examples 1-6 and comparative example 1 was tested by reference to the standard GB/T17671-1999 Cement mortar Strength test method (ISO method), GB/T29417-.
TABLE 1
The above embodiments show that the alkali-activated cementing material using the biomass incineration ash as the internal curing material has the advantages of small self-shrinkage (the 7d self-shrinkage is reduced to 1500 μm/m, the self-shrinkage is reduced by more than 59%), high strength (the 7d compressive strength can reach 31.1-35.6MPa, the 28d compressive strength can reach 36.7-42.7MPa), stable internal relative humidity (the internal relative humidity of the 7d is increased by more than 8%), economy and practicality, and can be popularized and used.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low shrinkage alkali-activated cementitious material, characterised in that: the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material is prepared by mixing and ball-milling fly ash, mineral powder and biomass incineration ash, and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 portions of fly ash, 800 portions of mineral powder, 100 portions of biomass incineration ash and 1000 portions of the three components.
2. The low shrinkage alkali-activated cementitious material of claim 1, wherein: the specific surface area of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material is 0.298-0.436m2/g。
3. The low shrinkage alkali-activated cementitious material of claim 1, wherein: the fly ash is secondary fly ash, the average grain diameter is 10-12 mu m, and the main chemical components and the mass percentage are as follows: SiO 22 56.55-57.62％，Al2O317.21-17.78％，Fe2O36.70 to 6.75 percent of CaO, 8.40 to 8.45 percent of CaO, and the density of the CaO is 2.21 to 2.25g/cm3。
4. The low shrinkage alkali-activated cementitious material of claim 1, wherein: the alkalinity coefficient of the mineral powder is 0.78-0.80, the effective mass coefficient is 1.64-1.66, and the mineral powder comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by mass: CaO 29.5-30%, SiO2 34.5-35％，Al2O314.9-15%, density of 2.78-2.8g/cm3The average particle diameter is 3 to 4 μm.
5. The low shrinkage alkali-activated cementitious material of claim 1, wherein: the biomass incineration ash is obtained by calcining a biomass material at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ for 6-8h, and SiO is obtained2Content of more than 80 percent, Na2O and K2The total content of O is more than 17.53 percent, and the aperture is 2-60 nm; the biomass material is selected from one of rice hulls, peanuts, wheat straws and bamboo leaves.
6. A method for preparing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: mixing fly ash, mineral powder and biomass incineration ash in proportion, and placing the mixture in a ball mill for ball milling to obtain the composite material.
7. A low-shrinkage alkali-activated concrete prepared from the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the raw materials of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated concrete comprise the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material and an alkali activator.
8. The low shrinkage alkali-activated concrete according to claim 7, wherein the alkali-activating agent is obtained by mixing industrial water glass and sodium hydroxide, and has a modulus of 1.0-1.5; the mass ratio of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material to the alkali activator is 0.1-0.3: 1.
9. the preparation method of the low-shrinkage alkali-activated concrete according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding an alkali activator, a water reducer and water into the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material, adding other raw materials according to the requirement, and stirring to obtain low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry;
2) placing the low-shrinkage alkali-activated cementing material slurry obtained in the step 1) into a mould, and curing under standard conditions to obtain a low-shrinkage alkali-activated concrete test piece.
10. Use of a low shrinkage alkali-activated cementitious material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the field of construction materials.
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