CN112110477A - 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet for aniline room temperature detection and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet for aniline room temperature detection and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet for aniline room temperature detection and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the 2D porous Ce-ZnO nanosheet is composed of ZnO nanoparticles and Ce oxide. The Ce element is uniformly doped in the ZnO nanosheets, and lattice doping and Ce oxide doping are included. Dissolving a surfactant in a mixed solution of low-carbon alcohol and deionized water, and adding zinc salt into the surfactant solution to prepare a zinc salt solution; adding a cerium nitrate solution into a zinc salt solution, stirring, and adding a precipitator to obtain a suspension; after high-temperature reaction, washing, drying and calcining the obtained product to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet. The invention carries out lattice doping on zinc oxide, greatly improves the content of oxygen vacancy, improves the sensitivity and the selectivity to aniline gas, and when the working temperature is room temperature, the sensitivity to 100ppm aniline reaches 15.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a two-dimensional porous Ce-ZnO nanosheet and application of the two-dimensional porous Ce-ZnO nanosheet in an aniline sensor.
Background
The amine substance is a volatile organic substance, and some substances are toxic and harmful and have malodor. Such substances are mainly produced in the industrial processes of the manufacture of dyes and dye intermediates, rubber accelerators and antioxidants, photographic developers and also in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, the production of fragrances, the curing of plastics and the manufacture of resins, the construction of coatings, lacquers, etc. The existence of aniline in the atmosphere is extremely harmful to the environment and human health. Aniline is a carcinogenic substance and can cause chronic poisoning and damage to liver, kidney, skin, etc. Few reports on aniline sensors have been made, and CN103336034B discloses an aniline gas sensor and a preparation method thereof. The ZnS/PTCDA core-shell nano-particles are synthesized by a two-step method, and the prepared gas sensor can realize the selectivity of the p-aniline, but the selectivity of the p-aniline under low concentration is not outstanding. Reports (Sensors and activators B256 (2018) 639-647) by Zn4O (1, 4-dimethyl phthalate)3The metal organic framework of the layered nanopore is used as a micro-cantilever resonance type microgravity sensor constructed by a mass type sensing material for detecting low-concentration aniline, so that low-concentration sensing of aniline is realized. However, the sensor preparation method and the performance evaluation mechanism are complex, and the sensor is not beneficial to being applied to stable detection of aniline gas and complex application scenes. The synthesis of alpha-Fe with a diameter of about 500 nm by the thermosol method is reported in the literature (Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters, Volume 11, Number 8, August 2019)2O3Microspheres of alpha-Fe2O3The microsphere sensor is to 10 pp at 150 ℃ for aniline gasThe m-aniline response is 12.5, and the high sensing temperature limits further application. The existing aniline sensor still has the defects of complex preparation method, high working temperature, poor sensitivity and the like. Therefore, there is a need to develop an aniline gas sensor with high sensitivity, low operating temperature, low cost, and stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low sensitivity, high working temperature and the like of aniline sensors, and provides a 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet with low working temperature, low power consumption and excellent selectivity for aniline gas, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet for room-temperature detection of aniline comprises ZnO nanoparticles and Ce oxide, wherein Ce element is uniformly doped in the ZnO nanosheet, and Ce is doped into ZnO crystal lattices to form the Ce oxide, wherein the Ce oxide is doped in crystal lattices and the Ce oxide is doped in the crystal lattices.
The preparation method of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet (Ce-ZnO nanosheet) for room temperature detection of aniline comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a cerium salt solution: mixing cerium nitrate (CeN)4O12) Dissolving the cerium nitrate into a certain amount of deionized water to prepare a cerium nitrate solution with a proper concentration;
(2) preparing a zinc salt solution: dissolving a surfactant in a mixed solution of low-carbon alcohol and deionized water, and adding zinc salt into the surfactant solution to prepare a zinc salt solution;
(3) preparing a Ce-ZnO nanosheet: adding the cerium nitrate solution obtained in the step (1) into the zinc salt solution obtained in the step (2), stirring, and adding a precipitator to obtain a suspension; after high-temperature reaction, washing, drying and calcining the obtained product to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Further, in the step (2), the surfactant is an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant, the anionic surfactant is a sodium succinate anionic surfactant, the cationic surfactant is an amine salt cationic surfactant, a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, an onium salt cationic surfactant, an aniline oxide cationic surfactant or a heterocyclic cationic surfactant; CTAB is preferred.
Further, the zinc salt in the step (2) is zinc acetate, zinc nitrate or zinc chloride; the ratio of the zinc salt to the amount of surfactant is 1 (0.3-1.5).
Further, the lower alcohol in the step (2) is methanol, ethanol or ethylene glycol; the volume ratio of the low carbon alcohol to the deionized water is 1 (0.3-2).
Further, the precipitant in the step (3) is hexamethylenetetramine, urea or sodium citrate;
further, the mass ratio of Ce ions to zinc ions in the solution in the step (3) is 1 (20-200).
Further, the zinc salt in the step (3) is zinc acetate, zinc nitrate or zinc chloride; the mass ratio of the zinc salt to the precipitant in the step (3) is 1 (0.2-1.5).
Further, the reaction temperature in the step (3) is 90-160 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-24 h; the calcination temperature is 300-400 ℃, and the calcination time is 0.5-3 h.
The Ce-ZnO nanosheet is applied to an aniline sensor as a gas sensitive element, and is particularly suitable for room temperature sensing of aniline gas.
The key point of innovation of the method is to prepare the Ce-ZnO nanosheet. The ZnO triethylamine sensor has a lot of materials, but the working temperature is high and the sensitivity is low. When the working temperature of the invention is room temperature, the invention has better selectivity to aniline and the sensitivity to 100ppm aniline reaches 15.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the Ce element is uniformly doped in the ZnO nanosheet, wherein the doping comprises lattice doping and Ce oxide doping, so that the content of oxygen vacancies is greatly improved. The sensitivity and the selectivity of the aniline gas at room temperature are improved; the working temperature of the aniline gas is reduced to room temperature, which is greatly reduced compared with the working temperature of the existing aniline sensor; the sensitivity to 100ppm aniline gas at room temperature was 15. The method has high yield and low preparation cost; has higher response to aniline gas and low working temperature, and is easy to realize industrialization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD pattern of Ce-ZnO nanosheets of different Ce doping amounts prepared in example 2.
Fig. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of Ce — ZnO nanoplates prepared in example 2.
Fig. 3 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) photograph of Ce — ZnO nanosheets prepared in example 2.
Fig. 4 is a sorption-desorption curve of Ce — ZnO nanoplates prepared in example 2.
Fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of the pore diameter of Ce-ZnO nanoplates prepared in example 2.
Figure 6 is an XPS spectrum of Ce-ZnO nanoplates prepared in example 2.
FIG. 7 is a response curve of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet gas sensors of different Ce doping levels prepared in example 2 to 100ppm of aniline gas.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is to be given numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations by those skilled in the art based on the teachings set forth above.
Example 1
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 1.5mmol CTAB and 1mmol zinc acetate, adding 15ml ethylene glycol and 25ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.005mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 1.5mmol of urea, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 90 ℃ for 24 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 300 ℃ for 0.5h in an inert atmosphere to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 2
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 1mmol CTAB and 1mmol zinc acetate, adding 15ml ethylene glycol and 25ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.01mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 1mmol of urea, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 100 ℃ for 12 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 300 ℃ for 0.5h in an inert atmosphere to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 3
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 1mmol AOT and 1mmol zinc acetate, adding 20ml ethylene glycol and 20ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.01mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 1mmol of urea, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 110 ℃ for 12h, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 300 ℃ for 1h in inert atmosphere to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 4
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 0.8mmol AOT and 1mmol zinc acetate, adding 20ml ethylene glycol and 20ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.01mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 0.8mmol of urea, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 120 ℃ for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 300 ℃ for 1h in inert atmosphere to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 5
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 0.8mmol AOT and 1mmol zinc acetate, adding 25ml ethylene glycol and 15ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.03mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 0.8mmol of urea, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 130 ℃ for 10 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 400 ℃ for 1.5h in an inert atmosphere to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 6
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 0.5mmol CTAB and 1mmol zinc acetate, adding 25ml ethylene glycol and 15ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.03mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 0.5mmol of urea, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 140 ℃ for 6h, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 400 ℃ for 1.5h in an inert atmosphere to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 7
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 0.4mmol DTAB (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) and 1mmol zinc acetate, adding 30ml ethylene glycol and 10ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.05mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 0.4mmol of hexamethylenetetramine, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 150 ℃ for 6h, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 400 ℃ in an inert atmosphere for 2h to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 8
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 0.4mmol DTAB and 1mmol zinc acetate, adding 30ml ethylene glycol and 10ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.05mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 0.3mmol of sodium citrate, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 160 ℃ for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 400 ℃ in an inert atmosphere for 2h to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 9
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 0.3mmol DTAB and 1mmol zinc chloride, adding 30ml ethylene glycol and 10ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.05mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 0.3mmol of urea, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 160 ℃ for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 400 ℃ in an inert atmosphere for 2.5h to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
Example 10
The preparation method of the Ce-ZnO nanosheet of this example is as follows:
(1) weighing 0.3mmol CTAB and 1mmol zinc nitrate, adding 30ml ethylene glycol and 10ml deionized water, and ultrasonically dissolving for 10min to form uniform and stable transparent solution;
(2) adding 0.05mmol of cerium nitrate into the transparent solution in the step (1), magnetically stirring for 1 hour, adding 0.2mmol of urea, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to form a suspension;
(3) and (3) sealing the suspension in an autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, reacting at the constant temperature of 160 ℃ for 3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Washing the product with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively for 3 times, drying at 60 ℃ for 12h, and calcining at 400 ℃ in an inert atmosphere for 3h to obtain the Ce-ZnO nanosheet.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A porous Ce of 2D adulterates ZnO nanometer slice for aniline room temperature detection, characterized by that: the Ce-ZnO nanosheet is composed of ZnO nanoparticles and Ce oxide, and Ce is doped into a ZnO crystal lattice to form the Ce oxide.
2. The application of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet as the gas sensor in room-temperature sensing of aniline sensors according to claim 1.
3. The preparation method of 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheets according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a cerium salt solution: mixing cerium nitrate (CeN)4O12) Dissolving the cerium nitrate into deionized water to prepare a cerium nitrate solution;
(2) preparing a zinc salt solution: dissolving a surfactant in a mixed solution of low-carbon alcohol and deionized water, and adding zinc salt into the surfactant solution to prepare a zinc salt solution;
(3) preparing a Ce-ZnO nanosheet: adding the cerium nitrate solution obtained in the step (1) into the zinc salt solution obtained in the step (2), stirring, and adding a precipitator to obtain a suspension; after high-temperature reaction, washing, drying and calcining the obtained product to obtain the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO (Ce-ZnO) nanosheet.
4. The preparation method of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet according to claim 3, wherein: the surfactant in the step (2) is an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant, the anionic surfactant is a sodium succinate anionic surfactant, and the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant or a heterocyclic cationic surfactant.
5. The preparation method of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet according to claim 3, wherein: the lower alcohol in the step (2) is methanol, ethanol or ethylene glycol; the volume ratio of the low carbon alcohol to the deionized water is 1 (0.3-2).
6. The preparation method of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet according to claim 3, wherein: the zinc salt in the step (2) is zinc acetate, zinc nitrate or zinc chloride; the ratio of the zinc salt to the amount of surfactant is 1 (0.3-1.5).
7. The preparation method of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet according to claim 3, wherein: and (3) the precipitator in the step (3) is hexamethylenetetramine, urea or sodium citrate.
8. The preparation method of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet according to claim 3, wherein: the mass ratio of Ce ions to zinc ions in the solution in the step (3) is 1 (20-200).
9. The preparation method of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet according to claim 3, wherein: the mass ratio of the zinc salt to the precipitant in the step (3) is 1 (0.2-1.5).
10. The preparation method of the 2D porous Ce-doped ZnO nanosheet according to claim 3, wherein: the high-temperature reaction temperature in the step (3) is 90-160 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-24 h; the calcination temperature is 300-400 ℃, and the calcination time is 0.5-3 h.
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