CN112106519A

CN112106519A - Castor harvesting platform for castor harvesting machine

Info

Publication number: CN112106519A
Application number: CN202010994446.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孔凡婷; 吴腾; 石磊; 孙勇飞; 陈长林; 谢庆
Original assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2020-09-21
Filing date: 2020-09-21
Publication date: 2020-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-21
Also published as: CN112106519B

Abstract

The invention discloses a castor picking table for a castor harvesting machine, which comprises a frame, a harvesting device and a screw conveyer; the multiple groups of the harvesting devices are arranged in parallel, and the harvesting devices can cut the castor beans and convey the cut castor beans and the fallen castor beans backwards; the auger is arranged at the rear side of all the harvesting devices, is transversely arranged and can rotate relative to the rack. According to the castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine, the harvesting device and the auger are arranged, so that the operations of castor harvesting, castor seed shaking and gathering, castor straw gathering and bridging and the like can be realized, the full-feeding type harvesting of castor is realized, the castor picking table can be matched with a corn or rice-wheat combine harvester for use, the castor seed harvesting and straw smashing and returning operations are realized, the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor intensity of manpower is reduced.

Description

Castor harvesting platform for castor harvesting machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of castor harvesting machinery, in particular to a castor picking table for the castor harvesting machinery.

Background

The castor, also known as hemp seed and grass hemp, is one of ten oil crops in the world and is an important chemical raw material and strategic material. The seeds, roots, stems, leaves and the like of the castor have high comprehensive development value and are widely applied to the fields of energy chemical industry, biological pharmacy, aerospace and the like. The castor oil is used as a raw material and can be used for developing biodiesel, processing polymers such as nylon and the like, developing deep-processed products such as a plasticizer and the like. Meanwhile, the castor has wide application prospect in the field of biological medicine, and the ricin has the anti-tumor effect; ricinine has strong insecticidal activity, and can be used for preparing biological pesticide. The castor is a salt-tolerant energy crop and can be used for ecological restoration such as soil improvement, saline-alkali soil restoration, heavy metal soil restoration and the like.

China is one of the main production countries and consumption countries of castor, but the total yield of castor in China is far from meeting the domestic demand, and a large amount of castor is imported from foreign countries every year. Therefore, in order to meet domestic consumption needs, the domestic castor planting area needs to be enlarged, the total yield needs to be improved, and the mechanization level of castor planting needs to be improved.

At present, the mechanized development level of main crops in China is good, wheat is basically mechanized, but the mechanized level of castor production is low, and particularly mechanized harvesting cannot meet production requirements and is mainly completed manually. Along with the urbanization process and rural labor force transfer, people engaged in agricultural production are less and less, and the labor intensity of manual castor harvesting is high and the efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the castor picking platform for the castor harvesting machine, which is of a full-feeding type and can realize automatic castor harvesting.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine comprises a frame, a harvesting device and an auger;

the multiple groups of the harvesting devices are arranged in parallel, and the harvesting devices can cut the castor beans and convey the cut castor beans and the fallen castor beans backwards;

the auger is arranged at the rear side of all the harvesting devices, is transversely arranged and can rotate relative to the rack.

Further, the screw conveyer comprises a cylindrical hollow cylinder, and two groups of helical blades with opposite rotation directions are arranged on the outer wall of the hollow cylinder; the middle part of the hollow cylinder body is provided with a finger-grabbing structure.

Further, the finger-grabbing structure comprises an eccentric shaft fixed relative to the frame, and a central shaft of the eccentric shaft and an axis of the hollow cylinder are parallel but not collinear;

a plurality of finger seats are rotatably mounted on the eccentric shaft, each finger seat is fixedly provided with a finger, and each finger can stretch relative to the cylinder wall of the hollow cylinder;

all the pulling fingers are divided into a plurality of groups, and the pulling fingers of each group are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the eccentric shaft.

Furthermore, a finger eye is arranged on the hollow cylinder body corresponding to the telescopic position of each finger; the finger-grabbing eye is provided with a waist-shaped hole for the finger to pass through.

Furthermore, a gathering groove for gathering castor seeds is also arranged on the rack; the screw feeder is arranged in the gathering groove.

Further, the rear side of the middle part of the gathering groove is provided with a discharge hole.

Further, the harvesting device comprises a cutting assembly and a castor bean conveying unit; a group of castor bean conveying assemblies are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the cutting assembly;

the cutting assembly comprises a pair of cutters; the cutting knife is positioned on the middle front side of the castor bean conveying unit.

Further, the harvesting device further comprises a stem pushing unit, and the stem pushing unit is used for pushing the stem part of the castor-oil plant cut by the cutting knife, so that the whole castor-oil plant moves towards the rear side.

Has the advantages that: according to the castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine, the harvesting device and the auger are arranged, so that the operations of castor harvesting, castor seed shaking and gathering, castor straw gathering and bridging and the like can be realized, the full-feeding type harvesting of castor is realized, the castor picking table can be matched with a corn or rice-wheat combine harvester for use, the castor seed harvesting and straw smashing and returning operations are realized, the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor intensity of manpower is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view structural diagram of a castor picking table for a castor harvesting machine;

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a castor picking table for a castor harvesting machine;

FIG. 3 is a first perspective view of the harvesting apparatus;

FIG. 4 is a second perspective view of the harvesting apparatus;

FIG. 5 is a structural view of portion A of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a view of the construction of the auger;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the auger;

fig. 8 is a combined structure view of a cutting assembly, a stem pushing unit, and a vibration device.

In the figure: 1-a frame; 2-harvesting means; 21-a cutting assembly; 211-a cutter; 22-a castor bean conveying unit; 23-a stem pushing unit; 231-a conveyor chain; 232-finger dialing; 233-cover plate; 234-drive sprocket; 235-bevel gear set; 236-a power shaft; 24-a crop divider; 241-edge blocking part; 25-a grain lifting member; 26-a vibration device; 261-chain; 262-poking the striking flake; 263-reverse transmission; 3-screw conveyer; 31-a hollow cylinder; 32-helical blades; 33-a finger structure; 331-eccentric shaft; 332-a finger-picking seat; 333-scratching finger; 334-finger-grabbing eye; 335-eccentric attachment element; 336-a first shaft; 337-a second axis; 338 — a first bearing; 339-a second bearing; 4-a convergence tank; 41-discharge port.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine shown in the attached figures 1 and 2 comprises a frame 1, wherein a harvesting device 2, an auger 3 and a converging tank 4 are arranged on the frame 1; the plurality of groups of the harvesting devices 2 are arranged in parallel, and the harvesting devices 2 can cut the castor beans and convey the cut castor beans and the fallen castor beans backwards; all are arranged in to auger 3 the rear side of harvesting apparatus 2, auger 3 rotates to be installed in converging groove 4, just auger 3 transversely installs. The collecting tank 4 is fixed to the frame 1, and a discharge port 41 is provided on the rear side of the middle portion thereof.

In particular, as shown in figures 3-4, the harvesting device 2 described above comprises a cutting assembly 21, a castor bean delivery unit 22 and a stem pushing unit 23; a group of castor bean conveying units 22 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the cutting assembly 21.

The cutting assembly 21 comprises a pair of cutters 211, in this embodiment, the cutters 211 are disc cutters, the two cutters 211 have overlapped parts in the overlooking direction, and the two cutters 211 are arranged in a vertically staggered manner in the height direction, so that the stem of the castor-oil plant can be cut off through the space between the two cutters 211; the castor bean feeding unit 22 is a feeding belt for receiving and feeding the fallen castor beans rearward, and the cutter blade 211 is located on the middle front side of the castor bean feeding unit 22 with reference to the feeding direction of the castor bean feeding unit 22 (that is, the cutter blade 211 is located on the middle or front side of the castor bean feeding unit 22, preferably, at the middle position).

In order to facilitate the stem of the castor bean to enter between the two castor bean conveying units 22, a grain divider 24 is installed at the front side of each group of the castor bean conveying units 22, and the grain divider 24 can divide the stem of the castor bean in the field, so that the stems of all the castor beans within a certain width distance enter between the two castor bean conveying units 22 and are cut off gradually through the cutting assembly 21.

As shown in fig. 6, the screw feeder 3 includes a cylindrical hollow cylinder 31, and two sets of helical blades 32 with opposite rotation directions are arranged on the outer wall of the hollow cylinder 31; the middle part of the hollow cylinder 31 is provided with a finger-picking structure 33, and the finger-picking structure 33 comprises a plurality of groups of fingers 333 distributed on the circumference of the hollow cylinder 31. The aforesaid is emptyd backward by the castor that cutting assembly 21 cut off, and the position that has the fruit of castor is taken on screw 3, and when screw 3 rotated, because two helical blade 32's the rotation is opposite, two helical blade 32 can play the effect of assembling, gather together castor to the middle part position of hollow barrel 31, and the effort of helical blade 32 to castor can impel castor fruit to explode and split at this in-process, and the castor seed in the castor fruit can drop to in the groove 4 that assembles at this in-process. The gathering-up castor-oil plants can be conveyed backwards to the gap bridge by the finger-pulling structure 33 in the middle of the hollow cylinder 31, so that the castor-oil plants enter the crushing device to be crushed and then returned to the field. On the other hand, when the screw conveyor 3 runs, the two helical blades 32 can gather castor beans gathered in the gathering groove 4 to the middle part of the gathering groove 4, and after enough castor beans are gathered in the middle part of the gathering groove 4, the castor beans can overflow from the discharge hole 41 to enter the threshing cleaning device.

In order to prevent branches and leaves of castor beans from being wound on the finger 333, as shown in fig. 7, the finger structure 33 includes an eccentric shaft 331 fixed with respect to the frame 1, and a central axis of the eccentric shaft 331 is parallel to but not collinear with an axial center of the hollow cylinder 31; a plurality of finger-pulling seats 332 are rotatably mounted on the eccentric shaft 331, a finger 333 is fixed on each finger-pulling seat 332, and each finger 333 can extend and retract relative to the cylinder wall of the hollow cylinder 31; all the gripping fingers 333 are divided into a plurality of groups, and the gripping fingers 333 of each group are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the eccentric shaft 331. A finger grabbing eye 334 is arranged at the telescopic position of the hollow cylinder 31 corresponding to each finger grabbing 333; the finger eye 334 is provided with a waist-shaped hole through which the finger 333 passes.

With this configuration, since the eccentric shaft 331 is fixed to the frame 1 and is not concentric with the hollow cylinder 31, when the hollow cylinder 31 rotates, and each finger 333 rotates relative to the eccentric shaft 331 as the hollow cylinder 31 moves, the finger extends and contracts relative to the hollow cylinder 31, and when the end of the finger 333 faces the castor bean conveying unit 22 and the length direction of the finger 333 coincides with the conveying direction of the castor bean conveying unit 22, the effective length of the finger 333 extending out of the hollow cylinder 31 is longest; on the contrary, when the end of the finger 333 is away from the castor bean conveying unit 22 and the length direction of the finger 333 is the same as the conveying direction of the castor bean conveying unit 22, the finger 333 is retracted into the finger hole 334, so that if a branch or leaf is wound on the finger 333, the finger 333 is retracted into the finger hole 334 to release the winding.

Preferably, the eccentric shaft 331 is installed in such a manner that two eccentric connecting members 335 are fixed to both ends of the eccentric shaft 331, respectively; one of the eccentric connecting pieces 335 is connected with the first shaft 336, the two are fixed relatively, the first shaft 336 is fixed relative to the convergence slot 4, and a first bearing 338 is arranged between one end of the hollow cylinder 31 and the first shaft 336; the other eccentric connecting piece 335 is connected with the second shaft 337 and rotates relative to the second shaft 337, a second bearing 339 is arranged between the second shaft 337 and the convergence groove 4, and the other end of the hollow cylinder 31 is fixed on the first shaft 336. The first shaft 336 and the second shaft 337 are both disposed coaxially with the hollow cylinder 31. Through the structure, on one hand, effective support to the eccentric shaft 331 can be realized, on the other hand, the hollow cylinder 31 can be rotated by driving the second shaft 337 to rotate, the whole structure is simple, a structure of multiple layers of sleeve shafts is not needed, and the structural cost is reduced.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the harvesting device 2 further comprises a stem pushing unit 23, and the stem pushing unit 23 is configured to push the stem portion of the castor bean cut by the cutting knife 211, so that the whole castor bean moves to the rear side of the castor bean conveying unit 22. In this embodiment, the stem pushing unit 23 includes two sets of conveying chains 231, each set of conveying chains 231 has a plurality of fingers 232 mounted thereon, and all the fingers 232 are mounted on the conveying chains 231 at equal intervals. The installation height of the cutter knife 211 is lower than that of the conveyor chain 231. Because the mounting height of cutting knife 211 is less than the mounting height of transfer chain 231, reach the intersection position of two cutting knives 211 when the stem, because from the beginning cutting knife cut off need a segment of time, and the upper end of stem then is stirred by thumb 232 and is moving backward all the time, so, at the in-process of cutting, castor-oil plant inclines backward, can guarantee that the stem of castor-oil plant is cut the back by cutting knife 211, its whole is emptyd backward, and the lower extreme of stem still is by the centre gripping of thumb 232 on the transfer chain 231, when transfer chain 231 transmits like this, can push the whole backward movement of castor-oil plant, make the castor-oil plant upper end have the part of castor-oil plant fruit all can contact with screw feeder 3, fully collect castor-oil plant seed.

The hull of the ripe castor fruit is cracked by slight external force, so that the castor seeds fall, the harvesting device 2 provided by the invention adopts the layout, the castor seeds are vibrated in the process of cutting the stem of the castor seeds and in the process of conveying the castor seeds by the subsequent conveying chain 231, the castor seeds are pushed and collided with one another, a part of the castor seeds of the harvested castor seeds are cracked, the castor seeds fall onto the castor seed conveying unit 22, and the castor seed conveying unit 22 conveys the received castor seeds backwards. The rest unbroken castor fruits can be broken under the action of the auger 3 to discharge castor seeds, and the castor harvesting device has a simple structure, can finish stem cutting, shaking off the castor seeds and conveying and gathering work of the castor seeds, and is high in efficiency.

Preferably, there are two sets of the conveying chains 231, and the two sets of the conveying chains correspond to the two cutting knives 211 one by one; each group of the transmission chains 231 and the corresponding cutting knife 211 are driven by the same power source, and the transmission chains 231 are simultaneously used for establishing the transmission relationship between the cutting knife 211 and the power source. So the conveying chain 231 has two purposes, not only plays the role of conveying castor-oil plants, but also plays the role of transmission, so that the cutting knife 211 is in a preposed state, the whole castor-oil plant harvesting device has simple and compact structure, and the cost is saved.

Preferably, each set of the conveying chains 231 is covered with a cover plate 233; a gap is formed between the cover plates 233 covered on the two groups of conveying chains 231, and each cover plate 233 is butted with the castor bean conveying unit 22 on the side where the cover plate 233 is located. The cover plates 233 can not only receive castor beans to prevent the castor beans from falling to the ground, but also prevent leaves, branches and the like of the castor beans from being wound into the conveyor chain 231 to cause the conveyor chain 231 to be blocked, and the lower ends of the stems of the cut castor beans can pass through the gap between the two cover plates 233.

As shown in fig. 5, each set of the conveyor chains 231 is driven by a driving sprocket 234, the driving sprocket 234 is powered by a power shaft 236 via a bevel gear set 235, and the power shaft 236 is connected to a power source. In addition, the castor bean conveying unit 22 is also powered on from the power shaft 236, and in the embodiment, the input shaft of the castor bean conveying unit 22 and the power shaft 236 are in a transmission relationship through a chain.

Preferably, two symmetrically arranged grain lifting pieces 25 are arranged between the two groups of castor bean conveying units 22, a crop inlet channel which is gradually narrowed from the width is formed between the two grain lifting pieces 25 in the front-to-back direction, and the cutting knife 211 is positioned at the tail end of the crop inlet channel. The grain lifting piece 25 is formed by bending a steel bar, the whole grain lifting piece is in an approximate arc shape formed by sequentially connecting multiple sections of straight rod parts, the installation position of the grain lifting piece 25 is lower than the installation height of the grain divider 24, the grain lifting piece can lift castor-oil plants which are originally in a skew and toppled state, and the castor-oil plants which are distributed by the grain divider 24 can be guided into the connection part of the two cutters 211 to complete cutting.

Preferably, in order to prevent castor beans from falling out of the side of the castor bean conveying unit 22, a blocking net (not shown) is installed at the side of the castor bean conveying unit 22 (i.e., the conveying belt) where other components are not connected, and the blocking net can hold the castor beans at the upper end of the castor bean conveying unit 22 so that the castor beans do not fall out due to the vibration of the device.

In addition, because the shell of ripe castor-oil plant fruit will explode and split by slight external force, therefore divider 24 intervenes between the castor-oil plant and divides the castor-oil plant to dial, divider 24 just begins to produce the disturbance effect to the castor-oil plant for the castor-oil plant produces certain vibrations, just has some castor beans to drop this moment, in order to accept the castor bean, divider 24's upper end possesses the flange portion 241 of round U-shaped, so divider 24 has formed one and is used for accepting the accommodation space who collects the castor bean. Because the cutting knife 211 is in a forward extending state, the cutting knife 211 is positioned at the middle side of the castor bean conveying unit 22, castor beans are allocated from the grain divider 24 to the grain lifting piece 25, the cutting knife 211 and the conveying chain 231 which act on the castor beans in sequence, the castor bean conveying units 22 at the two sides of the castor beans can always receive the shaken castor beans, and the loss of the castor beans is reduced. The opening of the blocking portion 241 faces the castor bean conveying unit 22, the blocking portion 241 extends obliquely upward, and the blocking portion 241 has a inward-contracting tendency when viewed from bottom to top, so that the advancing resistance of the grain divider 24 is small.

In the preferred embodiment, the harvesting device 2 further comprises a vibration device 26, wherein the vibration device 26 can make the castor bean vibrate integrally when the stem pushing unit 23 pushes the castor bean integrally to the rear side of the castor bean conveying unit 22, so as to facilitate the castor bean to shake more, make more castor bean break and make the castor bean fall off sufficiently. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the vibration device 26 includes a chain 261, a plurality of striking spring plates 262 are installed on the chain 261, and striking spring plates 262 are installed on each link of the chain 261 or striking spring plates 262 are installed on every other link. The running direction of the chain 261 is opposite to the running direction of the conveying chain 231, so that when the cut stems are pushed by the stem pushing unit 23 to move towards the rear side of the castor bean conveying unit 22 integrally, the lower ends of the stems are stirred regularly by the stirring elastic pieces 262, the castor beans can vibrate integrally at high frequency to shake off the castor beans, and the stirring elastic pieces 262 have elasticity to avoid breaking the stems. Preferably, the chain 261 and the cutter blade 211 are driven by the same power source, and more particularly, a reverse speed changing device 263 is connected to a driving shaft of the cutter blade 211, and the reverse speed changing device 263 drives the chain 261 to operate, and since the rotational power of the cutter blade 211 is transmitted from the transmission chain 231, the chain 261 and the transmission chain 231 operate in opposite directions. The chain 261 is installed at a height higher than the cutter blade 211 and lower than the transfer chain 231, and the front end of the chain 261 is located at the rear side of the cutter blade 211, so that the vibration device 26 does not interfere with the cutter blade 211 to cut the stalks.

According to the castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine, the harvesting device and the auger are arranged, so that the operations of castor harvesting, castor seed shaking and gathering, castor straw gathering and bridging and the like can be realized, the full-feeding type harvesting of castor is realized, the castor picking table can be matched with a corn or rice-wheat combine harvester for use, the castor seed harvesting and straw smashing and returning operations are realized, the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor intensity of manpower is reduced.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A castor picking table for a castor harvesting machine is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a harvesting device (2) and an auger (3);

the multiple groups of the harvesting devices (2) are arranged in parallel, and the harvesting devices (2) can cut the castor beans and convey the cut castor beans and the fallen castor beans backwards;

the auger (3) is arranged at the rear side of all the harvesting devices (2), and the auger (3) is transversely arranged and can rotate relative to the rack (1).

2. The castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the auger (3) comprises a cylindrical hollow cylinder (31), and two sets of helical blades (32) with opposite rotation directions are arranged on the outer wall of the hollow cylinder (31); the middle part of the hollow cylinder body (31) is provided with a finger-grabbing structure (33).

3. The castor picking station for a castor harvesting machine according to claim 2, wherein the finger structure (33) comprises an eccentric shaft (331) fixed with respect to the frame (1), the central axis of the eccentric shaft (331) being parallel to but not collinear with the axial center of the hollow cylinder (31);

a plurality of finger-picking seats (332) are rotatably mounted on the eccentric shaft (331), a finger (333) is fixed on each finger-picking seat (332), and each finger (333) can stretch relative to the cylinder wall of the hollow cylinder (31);

all the gripping fingers (333) are divided into a plurality of groups, and the gripping fingers (333) of each group are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the eccentric shaft (331).

4. The castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine according to claim 3, wherein a finger eye (334) is installed on the hollow cylinder (31) corresponding to the telescopic position of each finger (333); the finger opening (334) is provided with a waist-shaped hole for the finger (333) to pass through.

5. The castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the frame (1) is further provided with a gathering groove (4) for gathering castor seeds; the screw feeder (3) is arranged in the convergence groove (4).

6. The castor picking table for the castor harvesting machine according to claim 4, wherein the rear side of the middle part of the converging tank (4) is provided with a discharge hole (41).

7. The castor picking station for a castor harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting device (2) comprises a cutting assembly (21) and a castor bean delivery unit (22); a group of castor bean conveying assemblies (22) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the cutting assembly (21);

the cutting assembly (21) comprises a pair of cutters (211); the cutting knife (211) is positioned at the middle front side of the castor bean conveying unit (22).

8. The castor picking station for the castor harvesting machine according to claim 7, wherein the harvesting device (2) further comprises a stem pushing unit (23), and the stem pushing unit (23) is used for pushing the stem part of the castor which is cut by the cutting knife (211) to move the whole castor to the rear side.