CN112106507B

CN112106507B - Balanced fertilization method of loquats

Info

Publication number: CN112106507B
Application number: CN202011004474.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔明
Original assignee: Fujian Quanzhi Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Fujian Quanzhi Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-22
Filing date: 2020-09-22
Publication date: 2022-02-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-22
Also published as: CN112106507A

Abstract

The invention relates to a balanced fertilization method of loquats, in particular to a late-ripe Xiangfei loquats of a new variety. The balanced and proper amount of various trace elements can excite the potential of crop cells, improve the photosynthetic rate and promote the reproductive growth of crops; the growth and the expansion of the fruits are accelerated in a balanced manner; promoting the coloring of the peel, and the fruit has bright color and pure taste.

Description

Balanced fertilization method of loquats

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fruit tree cultivation, and relates to a balanced fertilization method for a novel variety of loquats.

Background

Eriobotrya (Eriobotrya) belonging to the Maloideae subfamily (Maloideae) of Rosaceae (Rosaceae) and distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of Asia; there are about 30 species of endophytes, of which there are 16 species plus 5 varieties or variants native to china.

The Xiangfei is bred from the ' Jinzhongxx ' Imperial concubine ' progeny group by adopting an artificial sexual hybridization mode, and a new variety of the super-late-maturing high-quality big-fruit white-pulp loquat is bred after the expression is stable through the third-generation genetic stability determination. The loquat with the fragrant imperial concubine has the characteristics of late maturity, high quality, big fruits, white meat and high comprehensive quality. When the new variety 'Xiangfei' of the super-late-maturing high-quality big fruit white pulp hybrid loquat is evaluated in 2018, the evaluation is that: the Xiangfei loquat has excellent characteristics of late maturity, high yield, big fruit, high quality and the like: the harvest period is long from 5 months to 6 months of the maturation period of Fuzhou; the weight of a single fruit is 70.9g, the content of soluble solids is 16.5 percent, and the edible rate is 71.5 percent; peeling is easy, and the flesh is not easy to brown after peeling; the meat quality is tender, dregs are melted, the juice is much, and the meat has delicate flavor and good flavor; the multi-head high-yield cultivation method is characterized in that the seeds grow for 3 years and have four generations, the yield per plant is 27.6kg, and the yield per mu is 1297.2 kg; the fruits in the mature period are high temperature resistant and are not easy to drop and wrinkle; the flowering phase is late, and the damage of low temperature in winter to young fruits can be effectively avoided.

Many researches on sugar in loquat fruits have been reported, and the sugar composition, accumulation and metabolism of loquat have great difference among different planting and fertilizing technologies. With the breeding of a new variety of Xiangfei loquats in agricultural academy of sciences of Fujian province, Putian, Fuzhou, Ningde, Sichuan Chengdu, Panzhihua, Chongqing Wanzhou, Hechuan, Yunnan dehong, Yongsheng, Zhejiang Lanxi, Hangzhou, Guangdong Shenzhen, Heyuan, Hainanhaikou, Wuzhishan, Guizhou Zunyi and the like, pilot trials demonstration and popularization and application are carried out, the cultivation technology and the balanced fertilization method are researched and developed, the weight and the quality of a single fruit are increased, the acre yield is increased, and the aim of increasing income and saving cost of loquat production is achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a balanced fertilization method for a new variety of Xiangfei loquats, which can provide nutrients required by reasonably and evenly drawing in different growth periods of fruit trees, realize timely and efficient nutrient absorption, effectively reduce fertilizer cost and improve various qualities of fruits.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

1. a balanced fertilization method of loquats comprises the following specific steps:

1) applying a base fertilizer: applying biological organic fertilizer, special compound fertilizer and B vitamins in each ditch;

2) and (3) seedling stage: mixing No. 2 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 1 and No. 4 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 2, adding water to dilute by 1000 times, and irrigating roots of each fruit tree by 2.5-10L;

3) and (3) fruit period:

firstly, diluting the No. 1 water-soluble fertilizer by 1000 times before flowering every year, and spraying the foliage;

(7 days after flower withering): diluting the No. 4 water-soluble fertilizer by 1000 times, and spraying the diluted fertilizer on the leaf surfaces once in 15 days;

③ 1-2 months of the first fruit period per year: mixing No. 2 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 1 and No. 4 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 2, adding water to dilute by 1000 times, and irrigating roots of each fruit tree by 5-10L;

fourthly, fruit period determination: diluting the No. 3 water-soluble fertilizer by 1000 times, and irrigating roots by 0.5-0.7L per fruit tree; repeat again after day 20;

fifthly, the full bearing period is 2-3 months per year: mixing No. 2 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 1 and No. 4 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 2, adding water to dilute by 1000 times, and irrigating roots of each fruit tree by 15-20L;

sixthly, one month before picking the fruit: and diluting the No. 5 water-soluble fertilizer by 500 times, and spraying the diluted fertilizer on the leaf surfaces once in 15 days.

Wherein: water-soluble fertilizer No. 1: 5-10 g/L of manganese, 8-16 g/L of zinc Zn, 7-15 g/L of boron B, 100-130 g/L of amino acid, 20-30 g/L of sulfur, 20-30 g/L of chlorine and 20-30 g/L of sodium; 0.002-0.003kg/L of B vitamins, and the pH value: 3.0-9.0;

no. 2 water-soluble fertilizer: 150 g/L-200 g/L of nitrogen, 150 g/L-200 g/L of phosphorus, 200 g/L-250 g/L of potassium, 8 g/L-12 g/L of manganese, 12 g/L-16 g/L of zinc, 0.002-0.003kg/L of B vitamins and 20-50g/L of secondary elements, pH value: 3.0-9.0;

no. 3 water-soluble fertilizer: 120 g/L-160 g/L of nitrogen, 40 g/L-60 g/L of phosphorus, 400 g/L-450 g/L, B g/L of potassium and 0.02-0.06g/L of vitamin complex, and 10-50g/L of trace elements;

no. 4 water-soluble fertilizer: manganese Mn: 9 g/L-12 g/L, Zn: 6 g/L-10 g/L, boron B: 5 g/L-8 g/L, amino acid: 100 g/L-150 g/L, 20 g/L-30 g/L sulfur, 20 g/L-30 g/L chlorine and 20 g/L-30 g/L sodium; 260-300 g/L of active calcium; the vitamin B complex is 0.02-0.06 g/L.

Water-soluble fertilizer No. 5: 8-12 g/L of manganese, 6-12 g/L of zinc, 6-10 g/L of boron B, 100-130 g/L of amino acid, 20-30 g/L of sulfur, 20-30 g/L of chlorine, 20-30 g/L of sodium, 260-300 g/L of active calcium and 0.05-0.08g/L of B vitamins.

Furthermore, the number of effective viable bacteria contained in the bio-organic fertilizer is not less than 0.2 hundred million/g; the organic matter is not less than 45%.

Further, the effective viable bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer are one or more of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.

Further, in the application of the base fertilizer: 15 kg-20 kg of biological organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg-2 kg of special compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg-0.8 kg of medium trace element fertilizer are applied in each ditch.

Further, the special compound fertilizer comprises N + P in percentage by mass₂O₅+K₂O ≧ 40%, wherein N: p: k is 12-15: 12-15: 12-15, and a medium and trace element fertilizer, wherein the calcium content is not less than 6%, the magnesium content is not less than 5%, the boron, iron and manganese content is not less than 2%, and the sulfur content is not less than 14%.

Further, in the application of the base fertilizer: 0.001-0.002kg of B vitamins is applied in each ditch.

Further, the B vitamins are one or more of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B4, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B10, vitamin B11, vitamin B12, vitamin B-c, vitamin B-h, vitamin B-t and vitamin B-w.

Further, it can be sprayed on the leaf surface for 1-2 times during fruit period.

Further, the loquat is of Xiangfei loquat variety.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the Xiangfei loquat variety belongs to the super-late-maturing artificial breeding variety, and the growth period of each stage is completely different from that of other natural loquat varieties. According to the invention, by researching the nutrient elements required by the Xiangfei loquat in different growth and development stages, the trace elements which are most required by the fruit trees are provided in different growth stages, so that the loss caused by excessive fertilizer is reduced, and the soil hardening and the character deterioration are also reduced. The balanced and proper amount of various trace elements also avoids the phenomenon that the transformation and synthesis of partial substances in the body are influenced by the nutritional imbalance caused by applying certain elements to fruit trees, and the product quality or the yield is reduced. In the base fertilizer period, the biological organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are matched, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the propagation of various pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases can be reduced, and the stress resistance and disease resistance of crops can be improved; has the effects of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, and simultaneously activates elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, boron and the like in soil to promote the vigorous growth of crops. In the seedling stage, the cooperation of the elements in the water-soluble fertilizer No. 1 and the water-soluble fertilizer No. 2 can enhance the activity of the root system of the crops, improve the water and fertilizer absorption capacity and improve the wound healing of the root system of the crops, and the root system is developed. At the moment, excessive phosphorus element can reduce the production condition of loquat fruits, seriously weaken the fruit production capacity in the period and influence the yield. In the fruit period, the fertilizing method provided by the invention can stimulate the potential of crop cells, improve the photosynthetic rate and promote the reproductive growth of crops; the growth and the expansion of the fruits are accelerated in a balanced manner; promoting the coloring of the peel, and the fruit has bright color and pure taste.

Drawings

In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:

FIG. 1 is a tree diagram of the experiment of example 1 shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 2 shows the loquat fruits produced by the test trees;

FIG. 3 shows the loquat fruits produced by the test trees.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not specified in the examples, are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturers.

Example 1

The method is developed in the Minqing county Xiangfei loquat garden of Xiongjiang Zhenmei Yangyun village in 2017-2020.

The fertilization method of the invention is applied for testing. The orchard is a mountain terrace, the drainage is good, the slope is south, the red loam is soil, and the soil property is loose; the field width is 6m, the average row spacing is 3m multiplied by 3m, the seeds are transplanted in 2016 years, the tree height is about 2.5m, and the crown width is 3.2m multiplied by 3.5 m.

After the loquats are all harvested in 5 months and 10 days in 2017, 50 loquats with the same growth vigor are selected as a test tree and a control tree respectively, and the fertilizing method adopts furrow application, root irrigation and page spraying, wherein the furrow depth is 20cm, and the width is 20 cm; the test trees and the control trees are respectively at a base fertilizer application period, a seedling stage and a fruit stage at 20 days in 5 months, 20 days in 10 months and 20 days in 1 month and the next year; the balanced fertilization method of the new variety of test trees of the Xiangfei loquat concretely comprises the following operations:

1. base fertilizer application (starting at 20 days 5 months): 15kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 1.5kg of special compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of medium trace element fertilizer and 0.001-0.002kg of B vitamins are applied in each ditch. The special compound fertilizer comprises N + P in percentage by mass₂O₅+K₂O ≧ 40%, wherein N: p: k is 12-15: 12-15: 12-15), medium trace element fertilizer: calcium (Ca) is ≧ 6%, magnesium (Mg) is ≧ 5%, boron (B) + iron (Fe) + manganese (Mn) is ≧ 2%, and sulfur (S) is ≧ 14%. Wherein the nitrogen can be added in nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen. The B vitamins include vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B4, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B10, vitamin B11, vitamin B12, vitamin B-c, vitamin B-h, vitamin B-H, vitamin B-D, vitamin C, vitamin B-H, vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin BOne or more of vitamin B-t and vitamin B-w, which are the same as the above.

B, biological organic fertilizer: contains bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, and the number of effective live bacteria is not less than 0.2 hundred million/g; the organic matter is not less than 45%.

2. Seedling stage (beginning at 10 months and 20 days): mixing No. 2 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 1 and No. 4 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 2, adding water to dilute by 1000 times, and irrigating roots of each fruit tree by 2.5-10L.

Water-soluble fertilizer No. 1:

the formula is as follows: manganese Mn: 5 g/L-10 g/L, Zn: 8 g/L-16 g/L, boron B: 7 g/L-15 g/L, amino acid: 100g/L to 130g/L, sulfur (S): 20g/L to 30g/L, chlorine (Cl): 20g/L to 30g/L, sodium (Na): 20 g/L-30 g/L; 0.002-0.003kg/L of B vitamins, and the pH value: 3.0-9.0.

No. 2 water-soluble fertilizer:

the formula is as follows: nitrogen (N) 150-200 g/L, phosphorus (P)₂O₅)150g/L to 200g/L potassium (K)₂O) 200-250 g/L, 8-12 g/L manganese, 12-16 g/L zinc, 0.002-0.003kg/L vitamin B, and 20-50g/L boron, iron, magnesium and other medium elements; pH value: 3.0-9.0.

3. Fruit stage (beginning on day 20/1):

firstly, diluting the No. 1 water-soluble fertilizer by 1000 times before 20 blooms in 1 month every year, and spraying the foliage;

(7 days after flower withering): diluting the No. 4 water-soluble fertilizer by 1000 times, and spraying the diluted fertilizer on the leaf surfaces once in 15 days for 2 times;

fourthly, fruit period determination: diluting the No. 3 water-soluble fertilizer by 1000 times, and irrigating roots by 0.5L per fruit tree; repeat again after day 20;

fifthly, the full bearing period is 2-3 months per year: mixing No. 2 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 1 and No. 4 parts of water-soluble fertilizer 2, adding water to dilute by 1000 times, and then irrigating roots of each fruit tree by 15L;

sixthly, one month before picking the fruit: and diluting the No. 5 water-soluble fertilizer by 500 times, spraying the water-soluble fertilizer on the leaf surfaces once in 15 days, and spraying the water-soluble fertilizer for 2 times.

No. 3 water-soluble fertilizer:

the formula is as follows: nitrogen (N) 120-160 g/L, phosphorus (P)₂O₅) 40-60 g/L potassium (K)₂O)400 g/L-450 g/L, B g/L vitamin 0.02-0.06 g/L; 10-50g/L of trace elements.

No. 4 water-soluble fertilizer:

manganese Mn: 9 g/L-12 g/L, Zn: 6 g/L-10 g/L, boron B: 5 g/L-8 g/L, amino acid: 100 g/L-150 g/L, 20 g/L-30 g/L sulfur, 20 g/L-30 g/L chlorine and 20 g/L-30 g/L sodium; 260-300 g/L of active calcium; the vitamin B complex is 0.02-0.06 g/L.

Water-soluble fertilizer No. 5:

manganese Mn: 8 g/L-12 g/L, Zn: 6 g/L-12 g/L, boron B: 6 g/L-10 g/L, amino acid: 100g/L to 130g/L, sulfur (S): 20g/L to 30g/L, chlorine (Cl): 20g/L to 30g/L, sodium (Na): 20-30 g/L of active calcium, 260-300 g/L of active calcium and 0.05-0.08g/L of B vitamins.

And (4) continuously applying fertilizer according to the method after the fruits are harvested in the second year, repeating the operation, and performing other management measures such as trimming, flower thinning, fruit thinning, bagging, harvesting and the like in the same way as the conventional method. The fertilization periods of the above embodiments are only divided into specific dates for experimental comparison, and the actual fertilization periods can be specifically operated according to the actual conditions of fruit trees in different planting places. The control tree is fertilized with base fertilizer according to the method that 15kg of biological organic fertilizer and 1.5kg of special compound fertilizer are fertilized in each plant ditch, and the other fertilizers are fertilized with the same amount of special compound fertilizer in the same period.

Randomly extracting 50 ripe fruits on each test tree and a control tree respectively to determine the weight of each fruit when the loquat fruits are ripe, and calculating and recording the average value; weighing each time of harvesting, calculating the yield of the plants, and averaging and recording; the results are reported in table 1 below.

TABLE 1 influence of balanced fertilization method and control fertilization of new variety Xiangfei loquat production tree on fruit

As can be seen from the test results of 3 years in the table 1, the mature period of the new variety of the Xiangfei loquat production tree is 6-8 days earlier than that of the control tree by adopting the balanced fertilization method, the weight of a single fruit is increased by 21.3-25.6 percent than that of the control tree, the loquat is mature one day earlier, the unit price can be improved, and the base fertilizer, the seedling-stage fertilizer and the fruit-stage fertilizer (the leaf surface spraying matching: before blossom, after blossom and 1 month before fruit picking) are generally applied on the existing production every year; the application method can realize early ripening and yield increase and improve the fruit quality of the new variety of the Xiangfei loquat production tree.

FIG. 1 is a graph of a test tree of example 1, which is strong and free of insect pests, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are graphs of loquat fruits, which are full and large and have natural and well-done bright yellow color, produced by the test tree.

Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A balanced fertilization method of loquats is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

3) and (3) fruit period:

sixthly, one month before picking the fruit: diluting No. 5 water-soluble fertilizer by 500 times, and spraying the water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces once in 15 days;

no. 4 water-soluble fertilizer: manganese Mn: 9 g/L-12 g/L, Zn: 6 g/L-10 g/L, boron B: 5 g/L-8 g/L, amino acid: 100 g/L-150 g/L, 20 g/L-30 g/L sulfur, 20 g/L-30 g/L chlorine and 20 g/L-30 g/L sodium; 260-300 g/L of active calcium; b vitamins 0.02-0.06 g/L;

2. The balanced fertilization method of loquat according to claim 1, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer contains active bacteria of not less than 0.2 hundred million/g; the organic matter is not less than 45%.

3. The balanced fertilization method of loquats as claimed in claim 2, wherein the viable bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer are one or more of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.

4. The balanced fertilization method of loquats as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer application comprises: 15 kg-20 kg of biological organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg-2 kg of special compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg-0.8 kg of medium trace element fertilizer are applied in each ditch.

5. The balanced fertilization method of loquats as claimed in claim 4, wherein the special compound fertilizer comprises N + P in mass percentage₂O₅+K₂O ≧ 40%, wherein N: p: k is 12-15: 12-15: 12-15, and a medium and trace element fertilizer, wherein the calcium content is not less than 6%, the magnesium content is not less than 5%, the boron, iron and manganese content is not less than 2%, and the sulfur content is not less than 14%.

6. The balanced fertilization method of loquats as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer application comprises: 0.001-0.002kg of B vitamins is applied in each ditch.

7. The balanced fertilization method of loquat according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin B group is one or more of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B4, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B10, vitamin B11, vitamin B12, vitamin B-c, vitamin B-h, vitamin B-t, and vitamin B-w.

8. The balanced fertilization method of loquat according to claim 1, wherein the foliar application during the period of fruits is carried out by spraying 1 to 2 times.

9. A balanced fertilization method of loquat according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the loquat is of the Imperial concubine loquat variety.