CN112104046A - Method and system for controlling balanced charging and discharging of parallel battery pack - Google Patents

Method and system for controlling balanced charging and discharging of parallel battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112104046A
CN112104046A CN202011018218.1A CN202011018218A CN112104046A CN 112104046 A CN112104046 A CN 112104046A CN 202011018218 A CN202011018218 A CN 202011018218A CN 112104046 A CN112104046 A CN 112104046A
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battery
battery string
current
string
capacity
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CN112104046B (en
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吴小伟
项众起
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Shenzhen Fuguang Power Communication Equipment Co ltd
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Shenzhen Fuguang Power Communication Equipment Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for controlling balanced charge and discharge of a parallel battery pack, which relate to the technical field of power electronics, and are composed of a plurality of groups of parallel battery control modules and battery strings; the battery control module consists of a battery management unit and a DC/DC unit; the battery management unit consists of a data acquisition module, a ampere-hour integral module, a parameter configuration module, a battery pack communication module, a voltage setting module, a data storage module and a DC/DC communication module. The invention achieves the purpose that all parallel battery packs finish charging or discharging at the same time, and reasonably distributes the power of each parallel battery string during charging and discharging by adjusting a uniform time line.

Description

Method and system for controlling balanced charging and discharging of parallel battery pack
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics.
Background
The recycling of the retired battery can reduce the huge pollution to the environment, and the main reasons for the pollution come from the fact that the anode material, the electrolyte and the like in the battery cannot be processed perfectly; the recycling of the retired battery can also reduce the demand for a large amount of scarce metals. How to properly prolong the life cycle of the retired battery and improve the energy utilization rate becomes a currently needed technical means.
The echelon utilization of retired batteries in the prior art is that the outer structure is disassembled, the battery core is detected, the screening is classified through certain evaluation criteria, then the echelon is recycled, however, the processes of disassembling the outer structure and detecting the battery core need professional operation, the operation is complex, and the operation cost is high.
The prior art is a patent with patent application number 2019108373525 entitled battery parallel system and control method thereof. A echelon utilization battery parallel system and a control method thereof comprise a battery module and a DC/DC power conversion module; the battery module comprises a power supply battery module and a battery management module, the power supply battery module comprises a plurality of groups of battery packs which are connected in parallel, and each group of battery packs connected in parallel is formed by connecting a plurality of battery packs in series; the terminal control module judges the working mode of the battery parallel system according to the received data sent by the battery management module and sends a charging or discharging instruction to the DC/DC power conversion module; the DC/DC power conversion module performs charging or discharging operation on each parallel battery pack according to a control instruction of the terminal control module; the battery pack (set) in the battery parallel system does not need to be disassembled, the cost of battery echelon utilization is reduced, and meanwhile, the safety of battery echelon utilization is improved.
The invention patent 2019108373525, entitled battery parallel system and control method thereof for echelon utilization, solves the basic circuit structure for parallel use of retired batteries, sets the charging or discharging current of specific parallel battery packs according to the battery SOC conditions and residual capacities of different parallel battery packs, and sends charging or discharging instructions to a DC/DC power conversion module; the patent can ensure that the retired battery packs can work together under the condition of parallel connection, but cannot solve the problem that the retired battery packs can work cooperatively under the condition of parallel connection, and cannot achieve the purposes that all the battery packs are charged simultaneously and all the battery packs are discharged simultaneously, so that the simplest one-step work is only completed on the purpose of recycling the retired battery packs. However, in order to achieve the purpose that all the parallel battery packs complete charging or discharging simultaneously, it is impossible to set the charging or discharging current of a specific parallel battery pack and send a charging or discharging instruction to the DC/DC power conversion module only according to the battery SOC status and the remaining capacity of each battery pack.
Description of the prior art
The invention uses the concept of the residual capacity of the battery, and the unit of the capacity of the battery is ampere hour which is directly expressed by multiplying the current by the time.
An ampere-hour integration method: the method is to integrate the current with time to calculate the energy of the input and output batteries, and the value of soc is determined by the ratio to the rated capacity. The disadvantage of this method is that the determination of the initial soc value must be accurate, otherwise there are large errors, large cumulative errors over time, and aging of the battery over time, and the calculation accuracy of ampere-hour integration decreases.
Chinese invention patent application no: 201410074003, patent name: the patent obtains a 3rd-SOC relation by testing SOC-V curves and voltage difference values under different discharge multiplying powers, and corrects the SOC through battery voltage when calculating SOC. But this approach is not suitable:
(1) the discharge curve of a lithium battery, particularly a lithium iron phosphate battery, has poor linearity, and the voltage difference between 90% and 20% of the battery capacity is only 200mV, so that the requirement on voltage sampling precision is high, and calculation errors are easily caused;
(2) the inconsistency of the battery performance of each manufacturer is large, and the performance of the same battery after being used for a long time can also be greatly changed, so that a large amount of test work is needed when the battery aging test system is suitable for batteries of different manufacturers, and the problem that the calculation accuracy of soc is reduced after the battery is aged cannot be solved.
Chinese patent application No. 2013107193759, patent name: a self-correcting battery SOC estimation method based on Kalman filtering can solve the problem that an ampere-hour integral method can generate accumulated errors after long-time operation, but cannot solve the problem that capacity change has influence on SOC calculation due to battery aging. The accuracy of the Kalman filtering method depends on the Kalman filtering method, and the defect that the estimation accuracy of the Kalman filtering method depends on the accuracy of a battery equivalent circuit model to a great extent is mainly that the key point of the algorithm is to establish an accurate battery model; in addition, the algorithm has a large calculation amount.
Chinese invention patent application No. 201110165914X, patent name: the patent also corrects the influence of battery aging on the electric quantity prediction, but the patent has two defects: (1) the method for calculating the aged battery capacity requires that the current voltage V1 must be the voltage after standing, and when the current voltage V1 is not the voltage after standing, the invention is not applicable to the open-circuit voltage method for determining the SOC; (2) the open-circuit voltage method and the ampere-hour integral distribution method used in the patent are suitable for the lead-acid battery with better voltage linearity, but are not suitable for the battery with poorer voltage linearity.
Chinese patent application No. CN201410717028.7, patent name: a battery capacity correction method based on an improved ampere-hour integral method realizes a complete charging and discharging process, and continuously corrects the battery capacity through a full-charge process. However, battery packs used in remote areas in China rarely have full charge conditions, and even cannot complete a complete charging process.
2020107345111 method and device for on-line identifying battery capacity and iterative calibration, which aims at the current situation that the correction of battery capacity in the prior art is realized by using a complete charging process and the actual situation that some battery packs have no chance to complete the complete charging process in special application occasions, uses the mode of obtaining basic data by testing one type of battery, divides the discharge multiplying power of the battery with the same type into several intervals of less than 0.1C, 0.1C to 0.64C, 0.64C to 1.12C, 1.12C to 3C and more than 3C, similarly selects the interval from 45 minutes before the end of discharge to 15 minutes before the end of discharge as a calibration interval in each interval, records the discharge voltage and the discharge current of the calibration interval and the percentage of the battery capacity in the calibration interval to the total capacity of the battery as basic data, monitors the discharge of the battery to enter the calibration interval, calculates the actual capacity of the battery by using an ampere-hour integration method after the discharge of the battery enters the calibration interval, and calculates the actual capacity of the battery by And dividing the battery capacity of the calibration interval to obtain the current calibration coefficient, and updating the current calibration coefficient into basic data. The realization of the invention does not depend on the type and the kind of the battery, the basic data is obtained by the average value of the batteries with the same type through one-time and multiple tests, the basic data of each battery can be universal, the realization of the invention does not depend on the charging process of the battery, can continuously and iteratively correct the battery capacity, and is particularly suitable for the application environment which can not finish the charging process.
SOC, i.e., state of charge, is used to reflect the remaining capacity of the battery, which is numerically defined as the ratio of the remaining capacity to the battery capacity, expressed as a percentage. The value range is 0-1, when SOC =0, the battery is completely discharged, and when SOC =1, the battery is completely full. The SOC of the battery cannot be directly measured, and the SOC can be estimated only from parameters such as the terminal voltage, the charge-discharge current, and the internal resistance of the battery. The SOC algorithm is one of key technologies of BMS development and application, roughly speaking, the SOC is equal to the residual capacity divided by the rated capacity, and common SOC estimation methods comprise an open-circuit voltage method, an ampere-hour integration method, a Kalman filtering method and the like. They each have their scope of applicability and advantages and disadvantages: the open-circuit voltage method is simple and convenient, but can only be used when the battery pack is not loaded, and cannot be applied to the charging and discharging process; an ampere-hour integration method is widely adopted, but measurement errors are introduced in the current acquisition process each time, and the measurement errors become larger and larger along with the time, so that estimation deviation becomes larger and larger; the kalman filtering method has high accuracy, but because a real state model and a measurement equation need to be established in advance for a specific battery product, the implementation difficulty is high, and the algorithm is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the method and the system for controlling the balanced charge and discharge of the parallel battery pack are composed of a plurality of groups of battery control modules and battery strings which are connected in parallel; the battery control module consists of a battery management unit and a DC/DC unit; the battery management unit consists of a data acquisition module, a ampere-hour integral module, a parameter configuration module, a battery pack communication module, a voltage setting module, a data storage module and a DC/DC communication module;
the battery string is formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and the batteries forming the battery string are not limited in model specification and old and new degree;
the parameter configuration module is responsible for carrying out load end parameter configuration and battery end parameter configuration, generating configuration parameter data and storing the configuration parameter data in the data storage module; the load end parameter configuration needs to input a floating charge voltage point and a discharge protection ending voltage point according to the load type; the battery end parameter configuration needs to input the nominal capacity of the battery string, the constant voltage charging voltage point of the battery string, the charging current limit point of the battery string, the under-voltage protection voltage point of the battery string, the voltage detection precision, the current detection precision, the charging efficiency coefficient and an available capacity coefficient table corresponding to different discharge rates of the battery string;
the data acquisition module is responsible for acquiring the voltage of the battery string and the current of the battery string in real time;
the inter-battery-pack communication module is responsible for acquiring the available capacity of the battery strings of other groups except the current group, the residual capacity of the battery strings of other groups except the current group, the used capacity of the battery strings of other groups except the current group and the states of the battery strings of other groups except the current group in real time; the battery string state comprises: charging, discharging and standing;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) initial Condition implementation
The parameter configuration modules of the groups connected in parallel complete configuration work; the battery pack is used for the first time, the battery is fully charged according to the requirement of a battery manufacturer, namely, the battery packs are connected in parallel in each battery string: the voltage of the battery string is greater than the voltage point of constant voltage charging of the battery string multiplied by 0.95, and the charging current is less than the current limit point of charging of the battery string multiplied by 0.25, at this moment, the available electric quantity of the battery string is equal to the nominal capacity of the battery string, the residual capacity of the battery string is equal to the available capacity of the battery string, and the used capacity of the battery string is equal to 0;
2) a data acquisition module of the battery management unit acquires the voltage of the battery string and the current of the battery string and judges the running state of the battery string; according to the principle that the discharging current is positive and the charging current is negative, when the current of the battery string is larger than the current limiting point of the battery string multiplied by the current detection precision, the data acquisition module judges that the battery string is in a discharging state, and stores the battery string in the data storage module when the battery string is in the discharging state; when the current of the battery string is smaller than the negative current limiting point multiplied by the current detection precision, the data acquisition module judges that the battery string is charged, and stores the battery string in the data storage module when the battery string is charged; when the current of the battery string does not accord with the judgment that the battery string is in a discharging state and does not accord with the judgment that the battery string is in a charging state, the data acquisition module judges that the battery string is in a standing state and stores the battery string in the data storage module when the battery string is in the standing state;
3) the ampere-hour integral module reads configuration parameters and operation results stored last time before last power-off from the data storage module and uses the configuration parameters and operation results as initial data calculated by the ampere-hour integral method when the battery string runs;
the ampere-hour integration module determines the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment according to the state of the battery string; when the battery string is in a discharging state, inquiring available capacity coefficient tables corresponding to different discharging rates of the battery string according to the current of the battery string to obtain available capacity coefficients under the current condition, wherein the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the available capacity coefficient under the current condition multiplied by the nominal capacity of the battery string of the battery set configured by a user in the parameter configuration module; when the battery string is in a charging and standing state, the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the nominal capacity of the battery string configured by a user in the parameter configuration module;
the ampere-hour integration module integrates the current in an integration period to obtain the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment; when the battery string is in a discharging state, the used capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the used capacity of the battery string at the previous integration period plus the current of the battery string at the current time multiplied by the integration period; when the voltage of the battery string at the current time is less than or equal to the undervoltage protection voltage point of the battery string at the current time, the used capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the available capacity of the battery string at the current time; when the battery string is in a charging state, adding the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment equal to the used capacity of the battery string at the previous integral period and the current of the battery string at the current moment to multiply the integral period and the charging efficiency coefficient; when the battery string is in a standing state, the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the used capacity of the battery string in the previous integration period;
the ampere-hour integration module calculates the residual capacity of the battery string at the current time, wherein the residual capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the available capacity of the battery string at the current time minus the used capacity of the battery string at the current time;
the ampere-hour integration module calculates the dischargeable time of the battery string under the current load condition, and the dischargeable time of the battery string is equal to the residual capacity of the battery string at the current time divided by the current of the battery string;
the ampere-hour integration module calculates the charging time required by the battery string under the current load condition, wherein the charging time required by the battery string is equal to the current of the battery string divided by the used capacity of the battery string;
4) the battery pack communication module broadcasts and sends the state of the battery string of the battery pack, the available capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the residual capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the used capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the dischargeable time of the battery string of the battery pack and the charging time required by the battery string of the battery pack to a communication bus in a period T1, and simultaneously receives data broadcasted by other battery strings of the battery pack;
the battery pack communication module obtains the state of a parallel system according to the states of all parallel battery strings; when any battery pack of all the parallel battery packs is in a discharging state, the parallel system is in a discharging state; when all the parallel battery strings are in a standing state, the parallel system is in a standing state; removing the condition that the parallel system state is judged to be discharging and standing, wherein the parallel system state is charging;
the battery pack communication module adds the available capacity of the battery pack of each battery pack in parallel connection to obtain the available capacity of a parallel system; the battery pack communication module adds the residual capacities of the battery strings of all the parallel battery strings to obtain the residual capacity of the parallel system; the battery pack communication module adds the used capacity of the battery pack of each battery pack in parallel connection to obtain the used capacity of a parallel system; the battery pack communication module adds the dischargeable time of the battery pack of each battery pack in parallel connection and then obtains the average dischargeable time of the parallel system by taking the average value; the battery pack communication module adds the charging time required by the battery pack of all the parallel battery packs and then obtains the average charging time required by the parallel system by taking the average value;
5) the voltage setting module calculates the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery pack according to the state of the battery pack, the voltage of the battery pack, the current of the battery pack, the state of a parallel system, the available capacity of the parallel system, the residual capacity of the parallel system and the used capacity of the parallel system, the average dischargeable time of the parallel system and the average charging time required by the parallel system;
when the parallel system is in a discharging state, the voltage given module determines a given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string according to the deviation between the dischargeable time of the battery string under the current load condition of the battery string and the average dischargeable time of the parallel system under the current load condition of the parallel system, sends the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string to the DC/DC unit through the DC/DC communication module, and the DC/DC unit controls the output voltage of the battery string according to the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string; the set value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string is = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) × 0.95 × parallel system residual capacity/parallel system available capacity +2 × floating charge voltage point × voltage detection accuracy (the dischargeable time of the battery string-the average dischargeable time of the parallel system) × K3; k3 is a control scaling factor, and when the output supplements one unit every 5min of deviation, K3= 12;
when the parallel system is in a charging state, the voltage given module determines a given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string according to the deviation between the charging time required by the battery string under the current load condition of the battery string and the average charging time required by the parallel system, sends the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string to the DC/DC unit through the DC/DC communication module, and controls the output voltage of the battery string according to the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string; a given value of output voltage of a DC/DC unit of the battery pack string = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) + parallel system residual capacity/parallel system available capacity +2 × floating charge voltage point × voltage detection accuracy × (average charge time required by the parallel system-charge time required by the battery pack string) × K4; k4 is a control scaling factor, and when the output supplements one unit every 5min of deviation, K4= 12;
when the parallel system is in a standing state, the voltage given module sends the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string to the DC/DC unit through the DC/DC communication module, and the DC/DC unit controls the output voltage of the battery string according to the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string; the set value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string is = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) × residual capacity of the parallel system/available capacity of the parallel system.
Advantageous effects
The invention achieves the purpose that all parallel battery packs finish charging or discharging at the same time, and reasonably distributes the power of each parallel battery string during charging and discharging by adjusting a uniform time line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the battery control module of the present invention;
example (c): the thick connection lines in fig. 1 are power flow connection lines; the thin connection lines in fig. 1 are information flow connection lines.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method and a system for controlling the balanced charging and discharging of a parallel battery pack according to the present invention comprises a plurality of battery control modules 1 and battery strings 2 connected in parallel; the battery control module 1 is composed of a battery management unit 10 and a DC/DC unit 11; the battery management unit 10 is composed of a data acquisition module 100, a ampere-hour integral module 101, a parameter configuration module 102, an inter-battery-group communication module 103, a voltage setting module 104, a data storage module 105 and a DC/DC communication module 106;
the battery string 2 is formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and the batteries forming the battery string 2 are not limited in model specification and old and new degree;
the parameter configuration module 102 is responsible for performing load end parameter configuration and battery end parameter configuration, generating configuration parameter data and storing the configuration parameter data in the data storage module; the load end parameter configuration needs to input a floating charge voltage point and a discharge protection ending voltage point according to the load type; the battery end parameter configuration needs to input the nominal capacity of the battery string, the constant voltage charging voltage point of the battery string, the charging current limit point of the battery string, the under-voltage protection voltage point of the battery string, the voltage detection precision, the current detection precision, the charging efficiency coefficient and an available capacity coefficient table corresponding to different discharge rates of the battery string;
the data acquisition module 100 is responsible for acquiring the voltage of the battery string and the current of the battery string in real time;
the inter-battery-group communication module 103 is responsible for acquiring the available capacity of the battery strings of each group except the current group, the residual capacity of the battery strings of each group except the current group, the used capacity of the battery strings of each group except the current group and the states of the battery strings of each group except the current group in real time; the battery string state comprises: charging, discharging and standing;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) initial Condition implementation
The parameter configuration modules 102 of the multiple groups connected in parallel complete configuration work; when the battery is used for the first time, the battery is fully charged according to the requirement of a battery manufacturer, namely, the battery strings are connected in parallel: the voltage of the battery string is greater than the voltage point of constant voltage charging of the battery string multiplied by 0.95, and the charging current is less than the current limit point of charging of the battery string multiplied by 0.25, at this moment, the available electric quantity of the battery string is equal to the nominal capacity of the battery string, the residual capacity of the battery string is equal to the available capacity of the battery string, and the used capacity of the battery string is equal to 0;
2) the data acquisition module 100 of the battery management unit 10 obtains the voltage of the battery string and the current of the battery string and judges the running state of the battery string 2; according to the principle that the discharging current is positive and the charging current is negative, when the current of the battery string is greater than the current limiting point multiplied by the current detection precision, the data acquisition module 100 judges that the battery string is in a discharging state, and stores the battery string in the data storage module 105 in the discharging state; when the current of the battery string is smaller than the negative current limiting point multiplied by the current detection precision, the data acquisition module 100 judges that the battery string is charged, and stores the battery string in the data storage module 105 when the battery string is charged; when the current of the battery string does not accord with the judgment that the battery string is in a discharging state and does not accord with the judgment that the battery string is in a charging state, the data acquisition module 100 judges that the battery string is in a standing state and stores the battery string in the data storage module 105;
3) the ampere-hour integral module 101 reads the configuration parameters and the operation results stored last time before the last power-off from the data storage module 105, and the configuration parameters and the operation results are used as initial data calculated by the ampere-hour integral method when the battery string 2 runs;
the ampere-hour integration module 101 determines the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment according to the state of the battery string; when the battery string is in a discharging state, inquiring available capacity coefficient tables corresponding to different discharging rates of the battery string according to the current of the battery string to obtain available capacity coefficients under the current condition, wherein the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the available capacity coefficient under the current condition multiplied by the nominal capacity of the battery string of the battery set configured by the user in the parameter configuration module 102; when the battery string is in a charging and standing state, the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the nominal capacity of the battery string configured by the user in the parameter configuration module 102;
the ampere-hour integration module 101 integrates the current in an integration period to obtain the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment; when the battery string is in a discharging state, the used capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the used capacity of the battery string at the previous integration period plus the current of the battery string at the current time multiplied by the integration period; when the voltage of the battery string at the current time is less than or equal to the undervoltage protection voltage point of the battery string at the current time, the used capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the available capacity of the battery string at the current time; when the battery string is in a charging state, adding the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment equal to the used capacity of the battery string at the previous integral period and the current of the battery string at the current moment to multiply the integral period and the charging efficiency coefficient; when the battery string is in a standing state, the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the used capacity of the battery string in the previous integration period;
the ampere-hour integration module 101 calculates the remaining capacity of the battery string at the current time, wherein the remaining capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the available capacity of the battery string at the current time minus the used capacity of the battery string at the current time;
the ampere-hour integration module 101 calculates the dischargeable time of the battery string under the current load condition, wherein the dischargeable time of the battery string is equal to the remaining capacity of the battery string at the current time divided by the current of the battery string;
the ampere-hour integration module 101 calculates the charging time required by the battery string under the current load condition, wherein the charging time required by the battery string is equal to the current obtained by dividing the used capacity of the battery string by the current of the battery string;
4) the inter-battery pack communication module 103 broadcasts and sends the state of the battery string of the battery pack, the available capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the residual capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the used capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the dischargeable time of the battery string of the battery pack and the required charging time of the battery string of the battery pack to a communication bus in a period T1, and receives data broadcast by other battery strings 2;
the inter-battery pack communication module 103 obtains the state of the parallel system according to the states of all the parallel battery strings; when any battery pack of all the parallel battery packs is in a discharging state, the parallel system is in a discharging state; when all the parallel battery strings are in a standing state, the parallel system is in a standing state; removing the condition that the parallel system state is judged to be discharging and standing, wherein the parallel system state is charging;
the inter-battery-group communication module 103 adds the available capacity of the battery string of each group of battery strings connected in parallel to obtain the available capacity of the parallel system; the inter-battery-group communication module 103 adds the residual capacities of the battery strings of the group of all the parallel battery strings to obtain the residual capacity of the parallel system; the inter-battery-group communication module 103 adds the used capacity of the battery string of each group of battery strings connected in parallel to obtain the used capacity of the parallel system; the inter-battery-group communication module 103 adds the dischargeable time of the battery string of each group of battery strings connected in parallel and then obtains the average dischargeable time of the parallel system by taking the average value; the inter-battery-group communication module 103 adds the charging time required by the battery string of each group of battery strings connected in parallel and then obtains the average charging time required by the parallel system by taking the average value;
5) the voltage setting module 104 calculates a given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery pack according to the state of the battery pack, the voltage of the battery pack, the current of the battery pack, the state of a parallel system, the available capacity of the parallel system, the residual capacity of the parallel system, the used capacity of the parallel system, the average dischargeable time of the parallel system and the average charging time required by the parallel system;
when the parallel system is in a discharging state, the voltage setting module 104 determines the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string according to the deviation between the dischargeable time of the battery string under the current load condition of the battery string and the average dischargeable time of the parallel system under the current load condition of the parallel system, sends the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string to the DC/DC unit 11 through the DC/DC communication module 106, and the DC/DC unit 11 controls the output voltage of the battery string according to the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string; the set value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string is = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) × 0.95 × parallel system residual capacity/parallel system available capacity +2 × floating charge voltage point × voltage detection accuracy (the dischargeable time of the battery string-the average dischargeable time of the parallel system) × K3; k3 is a control scaling factor, and when the output supplements one unit every 5min of deviation, K3= 12;
when the parallel system is in a charging state, the voltage setting module 104 determines a given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string according to the deviation between the charging time required by the battery string of the battery string; a given value of output voltage of a DC/DC unit of the battery pack string = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) + parallel system residual capacity/parallel system available capacity +2 × floating charge voltage point × voltage detection accuracy × (average charge time required by the parallel system-charge time required by the battery pack string) × K4; k4 is a control scaling factor, and when the output supplements one unit every 5min of deviation, K4= 12;
when the parallel system is in a standing state, the voltage setting module 104 sends the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string to the DC/DC unit 11 through the DC/DC communication module 106, and the DC/DC unit 11 controls the output voltage of the battery string according to the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string; the set value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string is = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) × residual capacity of the parallel system/available capacity of the parallel system.

Claims (1)

1. A parallel battery pack balanced charge-discharge control system is characterized by consisting of a plurality of groups of parallel battery control modules and battery strings; the battery control module consists of a battery management unit and a DC/DC unit; the battery management unit consists of a data acquisition module, a ampere-hour integral module, a parameter configuration module, a battery pack communication module, a voltage setting module, a data storage module and a DC/DC communication module;
the battery string is formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and the batteries forming the battery string are not limited in model specification and old and new degree;
the parameter configuration module is responsible for carrying out load end parameter configuration and battery end parameter configuration, generating configuration parameter data and storing the configuration parameter data in the data storage module; the load end parameter configuration needs to input a floating charge voltage point and a discharge protection ending voltage point according to the load type; the battery end parameter configuration needs to input the nominal capacity of the battery string, the constant voltage charging voltage point of the battery string, the charging current limit point of the battery string, the under-voltage protection voltage point of the battery string, the voltage detection precision, the current detection precision, the charging efficiency coefficient and an available capacity coefficient table corresponding to different discharge rates of the battery string;
the data acquisition module is responsible for acquiring the voltage of the battery string and the current of the battery string in real time;
the inter-battery-pack communication module is responsible for acquiring the available capacity of the battery strings of other groups except the current group, the residual capacity of the battery strings of other groups except the current group, the used capacity of the battery strings of other groups except the current group and the states of the battery strings of other groups except the current group in real time; the battery string state comprises: charging, discharging and standing;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) initial Condition implementation
The parameter configuration modules of the groups connected in parallel complete configuration work; the battery pack is used for the first time, the battery is fully charged according to the requirement of a battery manufacturer, namely, the battery packs are connected in parallel in each battery string: the voltage of the battery string is greater than the voltage point of constant voltage charging of the battery string multiplied by 0.95, and the charging current is less than the current limit point of charging of the battery string multiplied by 0.25, at this moment, the available electric quantity of the battery string is equal to the nominal capacity of the battery string, the residual capacity of the battery string is equal to the available capacity of the battery string, and the used capacity of the battery string is equal to 0;
2) a data acquisition module of the battery management unit acquires the voltage of the battery string and the current of the battery string and judges the running state of the battery string; according to the principle that the discharging current is positive and the charging current is negative, when the current of the battery string is larger than the current limiting point of the battery string multiplied by the current detection precision, the data acquisition module judges that the battery string is in a discharging state, and stores the battery string in the data storage module when the battery string is in the discharging state; when the current of the battery string is smaller than the negative current limiting point multiplied by the current detection precision, the data acquisition module judges that the battery string is charged, and stores the battery string in the data storage module when the battery string is charged; when the current of the battery string does not accord with the judgment that the battery string is in a discharging state and does not accord with the judgment that the battery string is in a charging state, the data acquisition module judges that the battery string is in a standing state and stores the battery string in the data storage module when the battery string is in the standing state;
3) the ampere-hour integral module reads configuration parameters and operation results stored last time before last power-off from the data storage module and uses the configuration parameters and operation results as initial data calculated by the ampere-hour integral method when the battery string runs;
the ampere-hour integration module determines the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment according to the state of the battery string; when the battery string is in a discharging state, inquiring available capacity coefficient tables corresponding to different discharging rates of the battery string according to the current of the battery string to obtain available capacity coefficients under the current condition, wherein the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the available capacity coefficient under the current condition multiplied by the nominal capacity of the battery string of the battery set configured by a user in the parameter configuration module; when the battery string is in a charging and standing state, the available capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the nominal capacity of the battery string configured by a user in the parameter configuration module;
the ampere-hour integration module integrates the current in an integration period to obtain the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment; when the battery string is in a discharging state, the used capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the used capacity of the battery string at the previous integration period plus the current of the battery string at the current time multiplied by the integration period; when the voltage of the battery string at the current time is less than or equal to the undervoltage protection voltage point of the battery string at the current time, the used capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the available capacity of the battery string at the current time; when the battery string is in a charging state, adding the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment equal to the used capacity of the battery string at the previous integral period and the current of the battery string at the current moment to multiply the integral period and the charging efficiency coefficient; when the battery string is in a standing state, the used capacity of the battery string at the current moment is equal to the used capacity of the battery string in the previous integration period;
the ampere-hour integration module calculates the residual capacity of the battery string at the current time, wherein the residual capacity of the battery string at the current time is equal to the available capacity of the battery string at the current time minus the used capacity of the battery string at the current time;
the ampere-hour integration module calculates the dischargeable time of the battery string under the current load condition, and the dischargeable time of the battery string is equal to the residual capacity of the battery string at the current time divided by the current of the battery string;
the ampere-hour integration module calculates the charging time required by the battery string under the current load condition, wherein the charging time required by the battery string is equal to the current of the battery string divided by the used capacity of the battery string;
4) the battery pack communication module broadcasts and sends the state of the battery string of the battery pack, the available capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the residual capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the used capacity of the battery string of the battery pack, the dischargeable time of the battery string of the battery pack and the charging time required by the battery string of the battery pack to a communication bus in a period T1, and simultaneously receives data broadcasted by other battery strings of the battery pack;
the battery pack communication module obtains the state of a parallel system according to the states of all parallel battery strings; when any battery pack of all the parallel battery packs is in a discharging state, the parallel system is in a discharging state; when all the parallel battery strings are in a standing state, the parallel system is in a standing state; removing the condition that the parallel system state is judged to be discharging and standing, wherein the parallel system state is charging;
the battery pack communication module adds the available capacity of the battery pack of each battery pack in parallel connection to obtain the available capacity of a parallel system; the battery pack communication module adds the residual capacities of the battery strings of all the parallel battery strings to obtain the residual capacity of the parallel system; the battery pack communication module adds the used capacity of the battery pack of each battery pack in parallel connection to obtain the used capacity of a parallel system; the battery pack communication module adds the dischargeable time of the battery pack of each battery pack in parallel connection and then obtains the average dischargeable time of the parallel system by taking the average value; the battery pack communication module adds the charging time required by the battery pack of all the parallel battery packs and then obtains the average charging time required by the parallel system by taking the average value;
5) the voltage setting module calculates the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery pack according to the state of the battery pack, the voltage of the battery pack, the current of the battery pack, the state of a parallel system, the available capacity of the parallel system, the residual capacity of the parallel system and the used capacity of the parallel system, the average dischargeable time of the parallel system and the average charging time required by the parallel system;
when the parallel system is in a discharging state, the voltage given module determines a given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string according to the deviation between the dischargeable time of the battery string under the current load condition of the battery string and the average dischargeable time of the parallel system under the current load condition of the parallel system, sends the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string to the DC/DC unit through the DC/DC communication module, and the DC/DC unit controls the output voltage of the battery string according to the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string; the set value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string is = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) × 0.95 × parallel system residual capacity/parallel system available capacity +2 × floating charge voltage point × voltage detection accuracy (the dischargeable time of the battery string-the average dischargeable time of the parallel system) × K3; k3 is a control scaling factor, and when the output supplements one unit every 5min of deviation, K3= 12;
when the parallel system is in a charging state, the voltage given module determines a given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string according to the deviation between the charging time required by the battery string under the current load condition of the battery string and the average charging time required by the parallel system, sends the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string to the DC/DC unit through the DC/DC communication module, and controls the output voltage of the battery string according to the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string; a given value of output voltage of a DC/DC unit of the battery pack string = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) + parallel system residual capacity/parallel system available capacity +2 × floating charge voltage point × voltage detection accuracy × (average charge time required by the parallel system-charge time required by the battery pack string) × K4; k4 is a control scaling factor, and when the output supplements one unit every 5min of deviation, K4= 12;
when the parallel system is in a standing state, the voltage given module sends the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string to the DC/DC unit through the DC/DC communication module, and the DC/DC unit controls the output voltage of the battery string according to the given value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string; the set value of the output voltage of the DC/DC unit of the battery string is = end discharge protection voltage point + (floating charge voltage point-end discharge protection voltage point) × residual capacity of the parallel system/available capacity of the parallel system.
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