CN112097735A - Measuring device for neutral point position of model pile - Google Patents
Measuring device for neutral point position of model pile Download PDFInfo
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- CN112097735A CN112097735A CN202011062746.7A CN202011062746A CN112097735A CN 112097735 A CN112097735 A CN 112097735A CN 202011062746 A CN202011062746 A CN 202011062746A CN 112097735 A CN112097735 A CN 112097735A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device for the neutral point position of a model pile, which comprises a model box body, a servo motor loading system, a displacement sensor fixing component, a pile body displacement measuring system, a pile surrounding soil body settlement measuring system and a data processing system. The model box body comprises a model box, a model soil layer and a model pile. The servo motor loading system applies vertical load to a model soil layer in the test process. The displacement sensor fixing assembly comprises a fixed beam and two fixed pipes, and the fixed pipes are fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed beam and inserted into the model pile. The pile body displacement measuring system comprises a CMOS image sensor, a grating graduated scale and a lighting lamp. The pile soil displacement measuring system comprises a magnetostrictive displacement sensor and magnetic scrap iron. The data collection device is connected with the magnetostrictive displacement sensor and the CMOS image sensor to collect displacement data in real time. It has the following advantages: the non-contact type measurement of the displacement of the pile body and the soil body around the pile is realized, so that the position of the neutral point of the pile foundation can be more accurately determined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a geotechnical model test device, in particular to a device for measuring the position of a neutral point of a model pile.
Background
In recent years, as online shopping and logistics systems of China are continuously improved, the warehousing industry is newly developed. Because the requirement of the industry on the land is large, part of warehouses are built in soft soil areas with low land price. Along with the heavy object piles up in the warehouse, easily arouse ground subsides, results in the subsidence of the pile foundation surrounding soil body of warehouse building to be greater than the pile body and subsides, produces negative frictional resistance to the pile foundation and then causes the pile body to destroy, the bearing capacity reduces and can arouse the uneven settlement of superstructure building even. Therefore, the point where the relative displacement of the pile soil is zero, namely the position of the pile neutral point, needs to be determined during pile foundation design, and then the influence of the negative friction resistance of the pile is fully analyzed.
The CMOS image sensor obtains the relative displacement of an object fixed with the grating scale in real time through the image projected by the grating scale. The magnetostrictive displacement sensor generates different pulse signals by utilizing the intersection of magnetic fields generated by magnets at different positions and the magnetic field outside the waveguide tube, and can highly accurately measure the moving distance of the magnets at the positions according to the time of transmitting the pulse signals to the electronic room. The non-contact displacement sensors are rapidly developed, and convenient and high-precision measurement is provided for measuring the displacement of the pile body and the settlement of the soil layer around the pile.
At present, the method for researching the neutral point of the negative friction pile in China mainly comprises a field test method, a standard method, a finite element and other numerical simulation methods. The neutral point measured by a numerical simulation method such as a normative method, a finite element and the like and an actual project is often influenced by uncertain factors such as environment and the like to generate a large error; the method for equivalently measuring the inserted displacement ruler and the layered settlement meter adopted by the field test has the defects of low measurement accuracy, complex data reading and difficulty in measuring the settlement of the same section of the pile body and the soil layer around the pile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a measuring device for the position of a neutral point of a model pile, which overcomes the defects of a measuring method in the background technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the measuring device for the neutral point position of the model pile comprises a model box body, a servo motor loading system, a displacement sensor fixing component, a pile body displacement measuring system, a pile surrounding soil body settlement measuring system and a data processing system; the model box body comprises a model box, a model soil layer is filled in the model box, a model pile is inserted into the center of the model box, the upper end of the model pile extends out of the model soil layer, and the part of the model soil layer surrounding the model pile forms a pile-surrounding soil body; the servo motor loading system is arranged on the upper surface of the model soil layer and applies a vertical load to the model soil layer in the test process; the displacement sensor fixing assembly comprises a fixing beam, a first fixing pipe and a second fixing pipe, the fixing beam is fixed on the upper end face of the model pile, and the first fixing pipe and the second fixing pipe are fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing beam and inserted into the model pile; the pile body displacement measuring system comprises a CMOS image sensor, a grating graduated scale and a lighting lamp, wherein the grating graduated scale is fixed on the inner wall of the model pile; the pile-surrounding soil displacement measuring system comprises a magnetostrictive displacement sensor and magnetic scrap iron, wherein the magnetic scrap iron is embedded in a preset measuring position of the pile-surrounding soil and synchronously displaces with the pile-surrounding soil, and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged on a second fixed pipe in the model pile; the data processing system comprises a data collection device which is connected with the magnetostrictive displacement sensor and the CMOS image sensor to collect displacement data in real time.
In one embodiment: the data processing system further comprises a data line; the model pile is a hollow cylindrical aluminum pipe pile, two through holes are formed in the symmetrical positions of the top center of the model pile, and the first fixed pipe and the second fixed pipe penetrate through the two through holes and are inserted into the model pile; the top center of the model pile and the center of the steel beam are provided with threading holes, and the data line is connected with the CMOS image sensor and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor, penetrates out of the threading holes and is connected to the data collecting device.
In one embodiment: the illuminating lamp and the grating graduated scale are oppositely arranged at an angle of 180 degrees.
In one embodiment: a plurality of observation sections are arranged on the model soil layer at equal intervals in the vertical direction; and spreading a circle of the magnetic scrap iron on each observation section of the soil body around the pile by taking the model pile as the center.
In one embodiment: and corresponding CMOS displacement sensors and magnetostrictive displacement sensors are arranged on the same horizontal line in the vertical direction of the first fixed pipe and the second fixed pipe, and the vertical height of the CMOS displacement sensors and the magnetostrictive displacement sensors is consistent with that of magnetic scrap iron in a model soil layer.
In one embodiment: the data processing system also includes a processor coupled to the data collection device.
In one embodiment: the servo motor loading system comprises a servo motor loading device, a pressure distribution beam, a reaction frame, a loading plate and an upright post support, wherein the reaction frame is connected to the upright post support in a mounting mode, the loading plate is arranged on the upper surface of a model soil layer, the pressure distribution beam and the loading plate are connected together in a mounting mode, the servo motor loading device is clamped between the pressure distribution beam and the reaction frame and connected with the pressure distribution beam, load applied by the servo motor loading device is transmitted to the loading plate through the pressure distribution beam, and then uniform vertical acting force is transmitted to the model soil layer to simulate field ground stacking.
In one embodiment: the fixed beam is fixedly connected with the upright post support, and when the model pile generates compression displacement and the model soil layer generates settlement displacement, the position height of the fixed beam is kept unchanged and is used as a relative reference surface for measuring the displacement of the model pile and the soil body around the pile.
In one embodiment: the fixed beam is a steel beam, the first fixed pipe and the second fixed pipe are respectively a first steel pipe and a second steel pipe and are welded on the steel beam, and the illuminating lamp is an LED lamp.
Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
the measuring device of the technical scheme can realize non-contact measurement of the displacement of the pile body and the soil body around the pile aiming at the negative friction of the pile foundation caused by soil layer settlement, and the influence of friction generated in the measuring process on experimental data is reduced to the greatest extent so as to more accurately determine the position of a neutral point of a pile foundation. The method solves the problem of non-contact measurement of pile body displacement and pile surrounding soil body settlement in a model test, is simple in test operation, high in displacement data reliability and rich in data volume, and can provide a new thought and method for determination of pile foundation neutral points in a laboratory.
In the model soil layer of the model box, different observation cross sections are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction, a small amount of magnetic scrap iron is doped in the soil body around each observation cross section, and when the soil body around the pile is settled, the magnetic scrap iron is displaced along with the magnetic scrap iron, so that the influence of the measurement process on the displacement of the soil layer can be reduced to the maximum extent. The magnetostrictive displacement sensors and the CMOS image sensors are positioned at the same monitoring height, so that the pile body displacement and the settlement of the soil body around the pile at the observation section are measured, and the measurement precision is more accurate.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a metrology apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of a metrology device;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pile body displacement measuring device according to an embodiment.
Reference numbers in the figures: 10-model box, 11-model soil layer, 12-model pile, 20-servo motor loading device, 21-pressure distribution beam, 22-reaction frame, 23-connecting button, 24-loading plate, 25-upright post support, 30-steel beam, 31-first steel pipe, 32-second steel pipe, 33-bolt, 40-CMOS displacement sensor, 41-grating scale, 42-LED lamp, 50-magnetostriction displacement sensor, 51-magnetic scrap iron, 60-data collecting device, 61-data line and 62-processor.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a device for measuring a neutral point position of a model pile includes a model box, a servo motor loading system, a displacement sensor fixing component, a pile body displacement measuring system, a pile soil settlement measuring system, and a data processing system.
The model box body comprises a model box 10, a model soil layer 11 and a model pile 12, the model soil layer 11 is filled in the model box 10, the model pile 12 is inserted into the center of the model box 10, and the upper part of the model pile 12 extends out of the model soil layer 11. The servo motor loading system is arranged on the upper surface of the model soil layer 11, and vertical load is applied to the model soil layer 11 in the test process. The displacement sensor fixing assembly comprises a steel beam 30, a first steel pipe 31, a second steel pipe 32 and a bolt 33, wherein the steel beam 30 is fixed on the upper surface of the model pile 12 through the bolt 33, the first steel pipe 31 and the second steel pipe 32 are symmetrically welded at the bottom of the steel beam 30, and the first steel pipe 31 and the second steel pipe 32 are inserted into the model pile 12. The pile body displacement measuring system comprises a CMOS image sensor 40, a grating graduated scale 41 and an LED lamp 42, wherein the grating graduated scale 41 is fixed on the inner wall of the model pile 12, the CMOS image sensor 40 is fixed on the first steel pipe 31 in the model pile 12, and the LED lamp 42 is fixed on the inner wall of the model pile 12 and opposite to the grating graduated scale 41 in a 180-degree mode so as to irradiate on the grating graduated scale. The pile soil displacement measuring system comprises a magnetostrictive displacement sensor 50 and magnetic scrap iron 51; embedding magnetic scrap iron 51 at a preset measuring position of a pile surrounding soil body of the model soil layer 11 surrounding the model pile 12, so that the magnetic scrap iron 51 and the pile surrounding soil body synchronously move; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor 50 is arranged on the second steel pipe 32 inside the model pile 12. The data processing system comprises a data collecting device 60, a data line 61 and a processor 62, wherein the data collecting device 60 is connected with the magnetostrictive displacement sensor 50 and the CMOS image sensor 40 through the data line 61 to collect displacement data in real time, the processor 62 is connected with the data collecting device 60 to analyze and process measured real-time displacement data, and the processor 62 is a computer.
In the concrete structure: the model pile 12 is a hollow cylindrical aluminum pipe pile; two through holes are formed in the top central symmetry position of the model pile 12, and two steel pipes welded to the bottom of the steel beam 30 are inserted into the model pile 12 through the two through holes to form the first steel pipe 31 and the second steel pipe 32; the center of the top of the model pile 12 and the center of the steel beam 30 are provided with threading holes with the same size, and the data lines 61 of the sensors arranged on the steel pipe penetrate through the threading holes and are connected to the data collecting device 60. Different observation cross sections are arranged in the model soil layer 11 at equal intervals in the vertical direction; on each observation cross section of the soil around the pile, a circle of magnetic scrap iron 51 is spread by taking the model pile 12 as the center.
The servo motor loading system comprises a servo motor loading device 20, a pressure distribution beam 21, a reaction frame 22, a connecting button 23, a loading plate 24 and an upright post support 25; the two ends of the reaction frame 22 are connected with the two upright post supports 25 through connecting buttons 23, the loading plate 24 is placed on the upper surface of the model soil layer 11 in the model box 10, the pressure distribution beam 21 and the loading plate 24 are connected together, the servo motor loading device 20 is clamped between the pressure distribution beam 21 and the reaction frame 22 and is connected with the pressure distribution beam 21, the load is transmitted to the loading plate 24 through the pressure distribution beam 21, and further uniform vertical acting force is transmitted to the model soil layer 11 to simulate field ground stacking; the two ends of the steel beam 30 are fixed on the two upright post supports 25 through bolts 33, and when the model pile 12 is compressed and displaced and the model soil layer 11 is settled and displaced, the height of the steel beam 30 is kept unchanged to be used as a relative reference surface for measuring the displacement of the pile body and the soil body around the pile.
Corresponding CMOS displacement sensors 40 and magnetostrictive displacement sensors 50 are arranged on the same horizontal line of the first steel pipe 31 and the second steel pipe 32 in the vertical direction, and the vertical height of the CMOS displacement sensors and the magnetostrictive displacement sensors is consistent with that of magnetic scrap iron 51 in the model soil layer 11.
Based on the measuring device for the neutral point position of the model pile, the implementation operation steps are as follows:
1. a model soil layer 11 is paved in the model box 10, and a model pile 12 is arranged at the center of the model soil layer 11;
2. different observation cross sections are arranged in the model soil layer 11 at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and a circle of magnetic scrap iron 51 is paved on each observation cross section of the soil body around the pile by taking the model pile 12 as the center;
3. according to the number of layers of the magnetic scrap iron 51, arranging a corresponding number of equally spaced displacement sensors on the first steel pipe 31 and the second steel pipe 32; the steel beam 30 on the upright post support 25 is fixed on the top of the model pile 12 through a bolt 33, and a first steel pipe 31 and a second steel pipe 32 which are welded on the bottom of the steel beam 30 are inserted into the model pile 12;
4. the loading plate 24, the reaction frame 22 and the servo motor loading device 20 are lightly placed on the upper portion of the model soil layer 11 and adjusted to proper positions to carry out loading operation according to test requirements, acting force applied by the loading device is uniformly transmitted to the loading plate 24 through the pressure distribution beams 21 on the loading plate 24, and sedimentation change of the model soil layer 11 is achieved;
5. when the loading plate 24 sinks along with the simulated soil layer 11, the position of the loading device is adjusted by moving the connecting button 23, so that the data of a plurality of groups of displacement sensors at different observation sections under the load action are obtained in the experiment;
6. fixing corresponding CMOS displacement sensors 40 at different observation cross sections of the first steel pipe 31, enabling the LED lamp 42 to illuminate the grating graduated scale 41, and recording the displacement of the grating graduated scale 41 fixed on the inner wall of the model pile 12, namely the displacement of the pile body at the observation cross section, in real time by the CMOS displacement sensors 40;
7. fixing corresponding magnetostrictive displacement sensors 50 on the second steel pipe 32 at different observation sections; when the loading device applies acting force to the model soil layer 11, the magnetic scrap iron 51 is relatively settled along with the model soil layer 11; different magnetic fields generated by the sedimentation of the magnetic scrap iron 51 at each observation section meet the magnetic field generated by a waveguide tube in the magnetostrictive displacement sensor 50 to generate a magnetostrictive effect so that a waveguide wire generates a twisting pulse, the twisting pulse is converted into a current pulse in an electronic bin, the time difference between the beginning and the return is calculated through an electronic circuit, the position and the displacement distance of the magnetic scrap iron 51 are determined, and the displacement of the magnetic scrap iron 51 relative to the steel beam, namely the relative displacement of the model soil layer 11 at the observation section is further determined;
8. transmitting the moving numerical value of the grating scale 41 and the settlement numerical value of the magnetic scrap iron 51 measured by the sensor to a data collecting device 60, and respectively acquiring the pile body displacement and the settlement of the soil body around the pile at different observation sections;
9. the processor 62 draws a corresponding distribution curve of the displacement of the pile body along with the depth and a corresponding distribution curve of the displacement of the soil body around the pile along with the depth, and the intersection point of the two curves is obtained through data processing, namely the neutral point position of the model pile 12.
The side measuring device of the embodiment reduces the site pile testing and the ground pile loading in equal proportion through a similar theory, and the position of the neutral point of the model pile foundation is efficiently and accurately measured in the model test, so that the side measuring device has important research significance and economic value for the design and evaluation of the pile foundation on the construction site.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. Measuring device of model stake neutral point position, its characterized in that: the system comprises a model box body, a servo motor loading system, a displacement sensor fixing assembly, a pile body displacement measuring system, a pile surrounding soil body settlement measuring system and a data processing system;
the model box body comprises a model box, a model soil layer is filled in the model box, a model pile is inserted into the center of the model box, the upper end of the model pile extends out of the model soil layer, and the part of the model soil layer surrounding the model pile forms a pile-surrounding soil body;
the servo motor loading system is arranged on the upper surface of the model soil layer and applies a vertical load to the model soil layer in the test process;
the displacement sensor fixing assembly comprises a fixing beam, a first fixing pipe and a second fixing pipe, the fixing beam is fixed on the upper end face of the model pile, and the first fixing pipe and the second fixing pipe are fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing beam and inserted into the model pile;
the pile body displacement measuring system comprises a CMOS image sensor, a grating graduated scale and a lighting lamp, wherein the grating graduated scale is fixed on the inner wall of the model pile;
the pile-surrounding soil displacement measuring system comprises a magnetostrictive displacement sensor and magnetic scrap iron, wherein the magnetic scrap iron is embedded in a preset measuring position of the pile-surrounding soil and synchronously displaces with the pile-surrounding soil, and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged on a second fixed pipe in the model pile;
the data processing system comprises a data collection device which is connected with the magnetostrictive displacement sensor and the CMOS image sensor to collect displacement data in real time.
2. The apparatus for measuring the neutral point position of a model pile according to claim 1, wherein: the data processing system further comprises a data line; the model pile is a hollow cylindrical aluminum pipe pile, two through holes are formed in the symmetrical positions of the top center of the model pile, and the first fixed pipe and the second fixed pipe penetrate through the two through holes and are inserted into the model pile; the top center of the model pile and the center of the steel beam are provided with threading holes, and the data line is connected with the CMOS image sensor and the magnetostrictive displacement sensor, penetrates out of the threading holes and is connected to the data collecting device.
3. The apparatus for measuring the neutral point position of a model pile according to claim 1, wherein: the illuminating lamp and the grating graduated scale are oppositely arranged at an angle of 180 degrees.
4. The apparatus for measuring the neutral point position of a model pile according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of observation sections are arranged on the model soil layer at equal intervals in the vertical direction; and spreading a circle of the magnetic scrap iron on each observation section of the soil body around the pile by taking the model pile as the center.
5. The apparatus for measuring the neutral point position of a model pile according to claim 1, wherein: and corresponding CMOS displacement sensors and magnetostrictive displacement sensors are arranged on the same horizontal line in the vertical direction of the first fixed pipe and the second fixed pipe, and the vertical height of the CMOS displacement sensors and the magnetostrictive displacement sensors is consistent with that of magnetic scrap iron in a model soil layer.
6. The apparatus for measuring the neutral point position of a model pile according to claim 1, wherein: the data processing system also includes a processor coupled to the data collection device.
7. The device for measuring the position of the neutral point of a model pile according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein: the servo motor loading system comprises a servo motor loading device, a pressure distribution beam, a reaction frame, a loading plate and an upright post support, wherein the reaction frame is connected to the upright post support in a mounting mode, the loading plate is arranged on the upper surface of a model soil layer, the pressure distribution beam and the loading plate are connected together in a mounting mode, the servo motor loading device is clamped between the pressure distribution beam and the reaction frame and connected with the pressure distribution beam, load applied by the servo motor loading device is transmitted to the loading plate through the pressure distribution beam, and then uniform vertical acting force is transmitted to the model soil layer to simulate field ground stacking.
8. The apparatus for measuring the neutral point position of a model pile according to claim 7, wherein: the fixed beam is fixedly connected with the upright post support, and when the model pile generates compression displacement and the model soil layer generates settlement displacement, the position height of the fixed beam is kept unchanged and is used as a relative reference surface for measuring the displacement of the model pile and the soil body around the pile.
9. The device for measuring the position of the neutral point of a model pile according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein: the fixed beam is a steel beam, the first fixed pipe and the second fixed pipe are respectively a first steel pipe and a second steel pipe and are welded on the steel beam, and the illuminating lamp is an LED lamp.
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