CN112097253B - Method for improving combustion efficiency of circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
Method for improving combustion efficiency of circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112097253B CN112097253B CN202010877471.6A CN202010877471A CN112097253B CN 112097253 B CN112097253 B CN 112097253B CN 202010877471 A CN202010877471 A CN 202010877471A CN 112097253 B CN112097253 B CN 112097253B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
- F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fluidized bed boiler combustion methods, in particular to a method for improving the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which comprises the following steps: (1) performing a cold test, and making a corresponding critical fluidization air volume curve according to different material layer thicknesses; (2) preparing fuel, wherein the fuel ratio is as follows: wheat straw: mixing corn stalks =12:44:44 in proportion; (3) controlling the total air quantity entering the hearth, wherein the air quantity of primary air is 4.2 multiplied by 104 Nm3The amount of secondary air is 2.8 multiplied by 104 Nm3H; (4) adjusting the primary air quantity and air pressure ratio according to the moisture content of the biomass and the temperature of the hearth; (5) and adjusting the primary air quantity, the secondary air quantity and the air pressure ratio according to the biomass state. The method can reduce the power consumption of the fan on the premise of meeting the use requirement, thereby realizing energy conservation, consumption reduction and operation reliability of the primary air system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluidized bed boiler combustion methods, and particularly relates to a method for improving the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Background
The circulating fluidized bed boiler adopts a circulating fluidized combustion technology, so that the power consumption of a fan is high, wherein the power consumption of a primary fan accounts for more than 20% of the power consumption of a plant, and therefore, the reasonable adjustment of the primary air quantity is an effective way for reducing the energy consumption of equipment.
For a circulating fluidized bed boiler, a primary air system is a main power system for boiler combustion, and workers can control boiler fuel and bed materials to be in a fluidized state for combustion in a hearth by controlling primary air quantity. The precondition of primary air volume regulation is to ensure that the conventional fluidization is satisfied, otherwise, the fluidization is deteriorated and the risk of slag bonding is caused, and the combustion share of the dense-phase zone design cannot be satisfied, so that the generated heat is reduced. Wherein, the primary air quantity is adjusted too much, which causes the bed temperature to be reduced due to the rise of the excess air coefficient, the incomplete combustion heat loss is increased, the heat transfer coefficient is reduced, and the power consumption of the fan and the heat loss of the exhaust smoke are increased, which leads to the reduction of the combustion efficiency. These problems severely restrict the energy saving, consumption reduction and operational reliability of the primary air system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which is used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising the steps of:
(1) performing cold test, respectively laying material layers with the thickness of 300mm, 400mm, 500mm, 600mm, 700mm, 800mm and 900mm on the air distribution plate, starting the induced draft fan and the primary fan, gradually increasing the primary air quantity, and increasing the opening degree of the baffle by 5% or by 4000-6000m3The air quantity of the furnace is recorded, and the primary air quantity, the air pressure chamber force, the air temperature, the pressure at the lower part of the furnace and the outlet pressure of the furnace are recorded, wherein the material layer resistance is obtained by subtracting the resistance of the air distribution plate from the air chamber pressure, a corresponding critical fluidization air quantity curve is made according to different material layer thicknesses, and the lowest fluidization air quantity is taken as the lower limit of air quantity adjustment during the operation;
(2) preparing fuel, wherein the fuel ratio is as follows: wheat straw: mixing corn stalks =12:44:44 in proportion;
(3) the total air volume entering the hearth is controlled by a fan device: wherein the air amount of the primary air is 4.2 × 104 Nm3H, secondary air amount of 2.8 × 104 Nm3/h；
(4) Adjusting the ratio of primary air volume to air pressure according to the moisture content of the biomass and the temperature of the hearth, and increasing the primary air volume by 2%, the current by 0.6A, the air pressure by 0.3kpa and the oxygen content after the superheater by 3-5% when the moisture content of the biomass is 20% -30% or the temperature of the hearth bed is 50-100 ℃;
(5) adjusting the primary air quantity, the secondary air quantity and the air pressure ratio according to different states of the biomass;
when the density of the biomass fuel is less than 1.5g/cm3Reducing the frequency conversion opening of the primary air by 2 percent, reducing the pressure of the primary air by 0.3kpa, ensuring that the flow is not lower than the minimum fluidization air quantity, simultaneously increasing the frequency conversion opening of a secondary fan, and keeping the total air intake at 7.0 multiplied by 104 Nm3H, increasing the combustion of the fuel in the hearth for 1 hour;
when the calorific value of the biomass fuel is less than 16000kj/kg, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the induced draft fan by 2%, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the primary air fan by 2%, increasing the pressure of the primary air by 0.3kpa, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the secondary air fan by 10%, and increasing the controlled oxygen amount by 3-5%;
preferably, when the particle size of the biomass fuel is larger than 10mm, the frequency conversion opening degree of the primary air fan is increased by 2%, and the primary air pressure is increased by 0.3 kpa.
Preferably, the outlet air pressure of the secondary air fan is not more than 4 kpa. The secondary air pressure can be prevented from forcing the bed layer to damage the power field of the dense phase area and influence the fluidization of the material layer.
Preferably, the air inlet device comprises a fan, an air outlet of the fan is communicated with one end of an air inlet pipe, the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with a large-opening end of a conical pipe, the small-opening end of the conical pipe is communicated with a circular pipe, and an anemoscope is arranged on the inner wall of the circular pipe. The adsorbed wind of fan gets into in the macrostoma of conical duct through the intake pipe to in getting into the conical duct xiao from the conical duct macrostoma, thereby can guarantee to be full of gas in the conical duct osculum, can not have partial space, and then the bar guarantees that the gas that gets into in the pipe is full of the pipe, then utilizes pipe inner ring tangent plane area to multiply time and the air current velocity of flow to obtain and get into the interior accurate quantity of gas of furnace.
Preferably, the air outlet end of the circular tube is provided with a valve. The valve can effectively control the air outlet quantity in the circular tube, thereby controlling the quantity of gas entering the hearth.
Preferably, the material layerWhen the thickness is 300mm, the minimum fluidization air quantity is 12200 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 400mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 13500 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 500mm, the lowest fluidizing air quantity is 14630 Nm3H; when the material layer thickness is 600mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 15600 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 700mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 17200 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 800mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 18300 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 900mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 19200 Nm3/h。
Preferably, the diameters of the fruit tree branches, the wheat straws and the corn straws are controlled to be 5-7mm, and the lengths are controlled to be 40-60 mm. Therefore, the biomass fuel can be fully combusted, and simultaneously the biomass fuel can be prevented from splashing along with air inlet, so that the optimal combustion is achieved.
Preferably, the through hole of the wind distribution plate is in a circular truncated cone shape. Because the diameter of the lower end of the through hole is larger than that of the upper end of the through hole, particles falling into the through hole can be ensured to fall out of the through hole, and the blockage of the through hole on the air distribution plate can be effectively prevented.
The method can reduce the power consumption of the fan on the premise of meeting the use requirement, thereby realizing energy conservation, consumption reduction and operation reliability of the primary air system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the critical fluidization air volume curve of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising the steps of:
firstly, performing a cold state test, wherein during the test, material layers with the thicknesses of 300mm, 400mm, 500mm, 600mm, 700mm, 800mm and 900mm are respectively paved on an air distribution plate, then an induced draft fan and a primary air fan are started, the primary air quantity is gradually increased, and the opening degree of a baffle plate is increased by 5 percent or increased by 4000 plus 6000m3The air quantity of the primary air, the air pressure chamber force, the air temperature, the pressure at the lower part of the hearth and the pressure at the outlet of the hearth are recorded, wherein the material layer resistance is obtained by subtracting the resistance of the air distribution plate from the air chamber pressure, and the lowest fluidizing air quantity is 12200 Nm (Nm) according to the material layer thickness of 300mm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 400mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 13500 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 500mm, the lowest fluidizing air quantity is 14630 Nm3H; when the material layer thickness is 600mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 15600 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 700mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 17200 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 800mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 18300 Nm3H; when the thickness of the material layer is 900mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 19200 Nm3And drawing a corresponding critical fluidization air volume curve. The critical fluidization air volume curve is shown in fig. 1, and the lowest fluidization air volume is used as the lower limit of air volume adjustment during operation.
Because the biomass circulating fluidized bed boiler is adjusted relatively frequently, the adjustment is mainly determined by the heat value, the moisture content and the particle size of the adopted fuel. The biomass fuel has various styles, the fuel entering the boiler can enter the boiler to be combusted by crushing, and meanwhile, the mixed combustion mode of various biomass fuels with different granularities and different heat values is adopted, so that various parameters in the boiler can be better controlled to be stable. Therefore, the diameters of the fruit tree branches, the wheat straws and the corn straws are controlled to be 5-7mm, the lengths of the fruit tree branches, the wheat straws and the corn straws are controlled to be 40-60mm, and the fuel proportion is determined according to the fruit tree branches containing forestry residues; wheat straw: mixing corn stalks =12:44:44 in proportion; therefore, the biomass fuel can be fully combusted, and simultaneously the biomass fuel can be prevented from splashing along with air inlet, so that the optimal combustion is achieved.
After the fuel is put in according to the optimal proportion, the total amount of the fuel entering a hearth is controlled by an air inlet device; wherein, the air amount of the primary air is 4.2 multiplied by 104 Nm3H, air amount of secondary air 2.8X 104 Nm3/h；
After the primary air amount and the secondary air amount are determined, the primary air amount and the air pressure ratio are adjusted according to the biomass moisture content and the hearth temperature, when the biomass moisture content is 20% -30% or the hearth bed temperature is 50-100 ℃, the primary air amount is increased by 2%, the current is increased by 0.6A, the air pressure is increased by 0.3kpa, and the oxygen amount after the superheater is increased by 3-5%;
adjusting the water content of the biomass and the temperature of the hearth to the optimal state, and then adjusting the primary air quantity, the secondary air quantity and the air pressure ratio according to different states of the biomass:
when the density of the biomass fuel is less than 1.5g/cm3Reducing the frequency conversion opening degree of the primary air by 2 percent, reducing the pressure of the primary air by 0.3kpa, simultaneously ensuring that the pressure is not lower than the minimum fluidization air quantity, simultaneously increasing the frequency conversion opening degree of a secondary fan, and keeping the total air intake quantity to be 7.0 multiplied by 104 Nm3H, increasing the combustion of the fuel in the hearth for 1 hour;
when the calorific value of the biomass fuel is less than 16000kj/kg, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the induced draft fan by 2%, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the primary air fan by 2%, increasing the pressure of the primary air by 0.3kpa, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the secondary air fan by 10%, and increasing the controlled oxygen amount by 3-5%;
when the granularity of the biomass fuel is larger than 10mm, the frequency conversion opening degree of the primary air fan is increased by 2%, and the primary air pressure is increased by 0.3 kpa. Increasing the frequency conversion opening of the secondary fan to keep the total air intake unchanged and increasing the combustion time of the fuel in the hearth for 1 hour while ensuring that the air flow is not lower than the minimum fluidization air flow;
when the calorific value of the biomass fuel is low, the frequency conversion opening degree of the induced draft fan is increased by 2%, the frequency conversion opening degree of the primary air fan is increased by 2%, the air pressure of the primary air fan is increased by 0.3kpa, the frequency conversion opening degree of the secondary air fan is increased by 10%, and the oxygen amount is controlled by 3-5%.
When biomass fuel granularity is big, increase 2% with primary air fan frequency conversion aperture, the primary air wind pressure risees 0.3kpa, reduces circulation ash volume, improves boiler bed temperature, lets large granule fuel have better combustion temperature and sufficient combustion time at furnace, reduces incomplete combustion heat loss, improves boiler combustion efficiency.
Wherein, the content of oxygen behind the superheater is controlled between 3 percent and 5 percent when in use. Not only prevents the heat loss of the exhaust smoke of the boiler from increasing due to overhigh oxygen content; meanwhile, incomplete combustion caused by undersize is prevented, and chemical incomplete combustion loss and mechanical incomplete combustion loss are increased.
The air pressure at the outlet of the secondary fan is controlled to be about 4kpa, so that the secondary air pressure is prevented from forcing a bed layer to damage a power field of a dense-phase zone and influence the fluidization of a material layer.
In order to ensure accurate air inlet, the air inlet device comprises a fan, an air outlet of the fan is communicated with one end of an air inlet pipe, the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with a large-opening end of a conical pipe, the small-opening end of the conical pipe is communicated with a circular pipe, and an air speed measuring instrument is arranged on the inner wall of the circular pipe. The adsorbed wind of fan gets into in the macrostoma of conical duct through the intake pipe to in getting into the conical duct xiao from the conical duct macrostoma, thereby can guarantee to be full of gas in the conical duct osculum, can not have partial space, and then the bar guarantees that the gas that gets into in the pipe is full of the pipe, then utilizes pipe inner ring tangent plane area to multiply time and the air current velocity of flow to obtain and get into the interior accurate quantity of gas of furnace. The air outlet end of the round pipe is provided with a valve. The valve can effectively control the gas output quantity in the circular tube, thereby controlling the quantity of gas entering the hearth.
In operation, the excess air coefficient of about 1.2 and the designed furnace temperature are maintained, and the aerodynamic working conditions in the furnace are well organized so as to stabilize the load of the boiler.
The through hole of the wind distribution plate is in a circular truncated cone shape. Because the diameter of the lower end of the through hole is larger than that of the upper end of the through hole, particles falling into the through hole can be ensured to fall out of the through hole, and the blockage of the through hole on the air distribution plate can be effectively prevented.
By using the method, the power consumption of the fan is reduced on the premise of meeting the use requirement by controlling the primary air inlet and the secondary air inlet, so that the energy conservation, consumption reduction and operation reliability of the primary air system are realized.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments and drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and shall also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising the steps of:
(1) performing cold test, respectively laying material layers with the thickness of 300mm, 400mm, 500mm, 600mm, 700mm, 800mm and 900mm on the air distribution plate, starting the induced draft fan and the primary fan, gradually increasing the primary air quantity, and increasing the opening degree of the baffle by 5% or by 4000-6000m3The air quantity of the furnace is recorded, and the primary air quantity, the air pressure chamber force, the air temperature, the pressure at the lower part of the furnace and the outlet pressure of the furnace are recorded, wherein the material layer resistance is obtained by subtracting the resistance of the air distribution plate from the air chamber pressure, a corresponding critical fluidization air quantity curve is made according to different material layer thicknesses, and the lowest fluidization air quantity is taken as the lower limit of air quantity adjustment during the operation;
(2) preparing fuel, wherein the fuel ratio is as follows: wheat straw: mixing corn stalks =12:44:44 in proportion;
(3) the total air volume entering the hearth is controlled by a fan device: wherein the air amount of the primary air is 4.2 × 104 Nm3The amount of secondary air is 2.8 multiplied by 104 Nm3/h；
(4) Adjusting the ratio of primary air volume and air pressure according to the moisture content of the biomass and the temperature of the hearth, and increasing the primary air change by 2%, the current by 0.6A, the air pressure by 0.3kpa and the oxygen content after the superheater by 3-5% when the moisture content of the biomass is 20% -30% or the temperature of the hearth bed is 50-100 ℃;
(5) adjusting the primary air quantity, the secondary air quantity and the air pressure ratio according to different states of the biomass;
when the density of the biomass fuel is less than 1.5g/cm3Reducing the frequency conversion opening degree of the primary air by 2 percent, reducing the pressure of the primary air by 0.3kpa, simultaneously ensuring that the pressure is not lower than the minimum fluidization air quantity, simultaneously increasing the frequency conversion opening degree of a secondary fan, and keeping the total air intake quantity to be 7.0 multiplied by 104 Nm3H, increasing the combustion of the fuel in the hearth for 1 hour;
when the calorific value of the biomass fuel is less than 16000kj/kg, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the induced draft fan by 2%, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the primary air fan by 2%, increasing the pressure of the primary air by 0.3kpa, increasing the frequency conversion opening of the secondary air fan by 10%, and increasing the controlled oxygen amount by 3-5%;
when the granularity of the biomass fuel is larger than 10mm, the frequency conversion opening degree of the primary air fan is increased by 2%, and the primary air pressure is increased by 0.3 kpa.
2. The method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1, wherein: the outlet air pressure of the secondary fan is not more than 4 kpa.
3. The method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1, wherein: the air inlet device comprises a fan, an air outlet of the fan is communicated with one end of an air inlet pipe, the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with a large-opening end of a conical pipe, the small-opening end of the conical pipe is communicated with a circular pipe, and an anemoscope is arranged on the inner wall of the circular pipe.
4. The method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 3, wherein: and a valve is arranged at the air outlet end of the round pipe.
5. The method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1, wherein: when the thickness of the material layer is 300mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 12200 Nm3/h；
When the thickness of the material layer is 400mm, the lowest fluidization is realizedThe air volume is 13500 Nm3/h；
When the thickness of the material layer is 500mm, the lowest fluidizing air quantity is 14630 Nm3/h；
When the material layer thickness is 600mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 15600 Nm3/h；
When the thickness of the material layer is 700mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 17200 Nm3/h；
When the thickness of the material layer is 800mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 18300 Nm3/h；
When the thickness of the material layer is 900mm, the lowest fluidization air quantity is 19200 Nm3/h。
6. The method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1, wherein: the diameters of fruit tree branches, wheat straws and corn straws are controlled to be 5-7mm, and the lengths are controlled to be 40-60 mm.
7. The method of increasing the combustion efficiency of a circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1, wherein: the through hole of the air distribution plate is in a circular truncated cone shape.
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| CN102183015A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-09-14 | 北京三博中自科技有限公司 | Combustion optimizing control system of circulating fluidized bed boiler in wide-range change of load |
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