CN112097249A - Mixed combustor with low emission of nitrogen oxides - Google Patents

Mixed combustor with low emission of nitrogen oxides Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112097249A
CN112097249A CN202011049438.0A CN202011049438A CN112097249A CN 112097249 A CN112097249 A CN 112097249A CN 202011049438 A CN202011049438 A CN 202011049438A CN 112097249 A CN112097249 A CN 112097249A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
nozzle
central
surrounding
nox emission
nozzles
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Pending
Application number
CN202011049438.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
程怀志
刘彬
吴光跃
卢硕
宋宁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xuzhou Jieyuan Combustion Control Engineering Co ltd
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Xuzhou Jieyuan Combustion Control Engineering Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011049438.0A priority Critical patent/CN112097249A/en
Publication of CN112097249A publication Critical patent/CN112097249A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/32—Disposition of burners to obtain rotating flames, i.e. flames moving helically or spirally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/12—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/40—Inducing local whirls around flame

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a mixed burner with low nitrogen oxide emission, which comprises a nozzle arranged at a nozzle at the opening end of a furnace wall, wherein the nozzle is used for supplying fuel oil through a spray gun, the rear side of the furnace wall is also provided with an air box and an air inlet, the nozzle is divided into a central nozzle and surrounding nozzles positioned around the central nozzle, the nozzles are venturi nozzles which gradually contract and then enlarge, the atomization angle of the central nozzle is 30-60 degrees, the atomization angle of the surrounding nozzles is 40-70 degrees, and the atomization angle of the surrounding nozzles is larger than that of the central nozzle. The burner can realize low emission of nitrogen oxides.

Description

Mixed combustor with low emission of nitrogen oxides
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combustor, in particular to a mixed combustor with low nitrogen oxide emission.
Background
The combustor is special equipment for feeding a proper amount of fuel and required air into a hearth to realize stable combustion, and can well operate by meeting the following basic requirements: the aerodynamic field with good organization, so that the air and the fuel are properly mixed at proper time, and the fuel is ignited in time and stably burnt; the burner is required to operate stably and reliably; the burning loss and abrasion are not easy to occur in the burning process, the airflow is not attached to the wall, the temperature field and the heat load in the furnace are relatively uniform and stable, and the like; the fuel adaptability and the load adjustability are good, and the wind speed and the wind volume are convenient to accurately adjust; the adjustment operation is convenient and the automatic control including automatic ignition, flame detection, fire extinguishing protection and the like is realized; in addition, low pollutant emissions are achieved, the most important of which is the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions. In the field of industrial combustion applications, methods for reducing NOx emissions by combustion means are generally implemented by different methods according to the structure of a boiler (or an industrial furnace), the type of fuel, the combustion method, the usage state, and the like, and currently, many methods are used including: fuel staged combustion, air staged combustion, mixed staged combustion, surface combustion, flue gas recirculation combustion, and the like.
The nitrogen oxides are generated by burning fossil fuel and air at high temperature, and include NO and NO2、N2O、N2O3、N2O4、N2O5And the like. The hazard of nitrogen oxides is mainly reflected in three aspects: the direct harm to the health of human bodies, and NO can cause central nerve paralysis and asphyxia of the human bodies to die; NO2It can cause asthma and emphysema, destroy heart, lung, liver, kidney, hematopoietic tissues, and even cause death. Secondly, the nitrogen oxide participates in photochemical reaction under the irradiation of sunlight to form photochemical smog, and further acid rain is generated to cause environmental pollution. ③ dinitrogen oxide N2O is a greenhouse gas that destroys the ozone layer in the atmosphere's stratosphere.
In order to reduce the nitrogen oxides generated in the combustion process of fossil fuels, engineers have conducted extensive research and practice to find out that different fuels and combustion apparatuses are connected in principle but different in methodThe combustion technique of (1), wherein the more used method comprises: fuel staged combustion, air staged combustion, mixed staged combustion, surface combustion, flue gas recirculation combustion, and the like. Besides the low-nitrogen combustion technology, the denitration technology or the adsorption technology can be adopted to reduce NO of the hearthxAnd (5) discharging. The denitration technique adopts alkaline gas (mainly NH)3) The NO is reduced on the surface of the catalyst and reacts with nitrogen oxide generated by combustionxReduction to N2And H2And (4) O. The denitration technology needs to consume a large amount of ammonia gas, ammonia water or urea is adopted to prepare ammonia solution and the ammonia solution is evaporated to generate ammonia gas, the system is complex, the investment is large, and the use cost is high. In addition, the ammonia water and the urea have potential safety hazards in the transportation and storage processes, ammonia escapes when the ammonia water and the urea are used in a denitration device, and secondary pollution is caused by catalyst wastes. Therefore, the method for reducing the nitrogen oxides by adopting the combustion method is the most effective, safest and least-expensive method. A plurality of low-nitrogen combustion technologies are developed by technical workers in the industry through theory, test and exploration, but a systematic effective technical means is not formed for a fuel low-nitrogen combustion method. The graded jet flow rotary mixing injection fuel low-nitrogen combustor developed by authors based on years of combustor design and engineering practice experience solves the problem that NO can not be converted by fuel low-nitrogen combustionxThe bottleneck problem of reducing to 100mg/m3 is solved, and a feasible solution is provided for solving the problem of low pollution emission in industrial combustion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mixed combustor with low nitrogen oxide emission to solve the technical problems. The technical scheme is as follows.
A mixed burner with low nitrogen oxide emission comprises a nozzle arranged at a nozzle at the opening end of a furnace wall, wherein the nozzle supplies fuel oil through a spray gun, an air box and an air inlet are further arranged at the rear side of the furnace wall, the nozzle is divided into a central nozzle and surrounding nozzles positioned around the central nozzle, the nozzles are Venturi nozzles which gradually contract and then enlarge, the atomization angle of the central nozzle is 30-60 degrees, the atomization angle of the surrounding nozzles is 40-70 degrees, and the atomization angle of the surrounding nozzles is larger than that of the central nozzle.
Furthermore, a guide cover with a smoke return channel is arranged on the furnace wall in front of the nozzle.
Furthermore, the smoke return channels are distributed on the end face of the guide cover in a rotary cutting mode towards the same direction.
Further, the number of the flue gas return channels is 12-24.
Furthermore, 2-6 surrounding nozzles are uniformly distributed around the central nozzle.
Furthermore, the atomization granularity of the surrounding nozzles is 10-30 mu m of the mean diameter of the Sortel, and is smaller than that of the central nozzle.
Furthermore, the reduced nozzle area of the Venturi combustion nozzle is 70% -80% of the area of the opening end; the enlarged nozzle opening area is 100-120% of the opening end area.
Furthermore, the air inlet is provided with an adjusting valve.
Further, the central nozzle is supplied with oil separately through the central lance and the peripheral nozzles are supplied with oil through the peripheral lances.
Further, the central nozzle atomizes to generate an elongated atomized jet, and the length of the jet is greater than the length of the jet surrounding the nozzle.
Has the advantages that: the central authorities of hierarchical efflux rotary mixing injection fuel low NOx burner combustion head have arranged the rotatory fuel nozzle that atomizes of straight line, distribute a plurality of (2 ~ 6) hierarchical fuel nozzles all around. The central linear rotating atomizing nozzle adopts a medium atomizing mode (steam or compressed air atomizing), the nozzle forms a slender atomizing jet in front of a burner nozzle, the atomizing jet is slowly mixed with air during combustion reaction, and the flame size is slender. The front area of the center of the nozzle forms a combustion environment with a large amount of excess local air, so that the flame temperature is low, and the synthesis of thermal nitrogen oxides can be inhibited. The combustor is provided with a plurality of fuel nozzles uniformly distributed around the flame outlet, the atomized granularity of the fuel nozzles is fine and uniform, and the oil mist and the air at the periphery of the nozzle are mixed and combusted to form peripheral flame. The central flame and the peripheral flame enlarge the flame sectional area on the nozzle section, thereby reducing the density of the flame area, and also reducing the combustion intensity and the flame temperature, therefore, the method can also greatly reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides.
The burner nozzle adopts a Venturi nozzle which is gradually contracted and then enlarged, and the air jet speed of the throat part with the minimum size is high, and the injection force is strong; a rotary-cut flue gas backflow channel is formed at the position of the gradually-expanding section spray nozzle, and combustion air flows through the rotary-cut flue gas backflow channel to generate an internal rotary injection force to attract the flue gas to enter and mix with the combustion air to form low-oxygen combustion air; the combustion wind runs close to the wall and is diffused outwards to form a flame coating surface, so that the flame is coated and the thermal radiation is isolated. The smoke combusted in the central flame zone is sucked back to the interface of the combustor and the hearth from the outer side of the flame zone, the oxygen content of the smoke is far lower than that of air, so that the smoke participates in the mixed combustion of fuel sprayed by the peripheral spray guns, the lower oxygen content causes the combustion speed of the area to be slow, and the amount of nitrogen oxide generated by the peripheral spray guns in the combustion process is also lower. The amount of nitrogen oxide generated in the operation process of the burner is very low, and the environment-friendly requirement which is more and more strict can be met without a matched flue gas denitration facility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the spout of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings
Example 1
The utility model provides a low nitrogen oxide discharges's hybrid combustor, contains the nozzle of establishing at 5 open end spouts of brickwork department, and the nozzle passes through the spray gun and supplies the fuel, and 5 rear sides of brickwork still are equipped with bellows 3 and air intake, the nozzle divide into central nozzle 9 and lie in central nozzle 9 is surrounding nozzle 10 all around, the spout is the venturi spout 6 that gradually contracts the ream, the atomizing angle of central nozzle 30, the atomizing angle of surrounding nozzle is 40, the atomizing angle of surrounding nozzle is greater than the atomizing angle of central nozzle. The atomizing particle size of the surrounding nozzle is smaller than that of the central nozzle. The particle size of the atomization surrounding the nozzle was a Sortel mean diameter of 10 μm,
the concentration of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas measured at this time is 130-150 mg/Nm3(the reference oxygen content was 3%).
Example 2
The utility model provides a low nitrogen oxide discharges's hybrid combustor, contains the nozzle of establishing at 5 open end spouts of brickwork department, and the nozzle passes through the spray gun and supplies the fuel, and 5 rear sides of brickwork still are equipped with bellows 3 and air intake, the nozzle divide into central nozzle and lie in central nozzle is surrounding the nozzle all around, the spout is for contracting gradually venturi spout 6 that enlargies again, the atomizing angle of central nozzle 60, the atomizing angle of surrounding the nozzle is 70, state that the atomizing angle of surrounding the nozzle is greater than the atomizing angle of central nozzle. The atomizing particle size of the surrounding nozzle is smaller than that of the central nozzle. The particle size of the atomization around the nozzle was a sotalol mean diameter of 30 μm,
the concentration of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas measured at this time is 116-140 mg/Nm3(the reference oxygen content was 3%).
Example 3
The utility model provides a low nitrogen oxide discharges's hybrid combustor, contains the nozzle of establishing at 5 open end spouts of brickwork department, and the nozzle passes through the spray gun and supplies the fuel, and 5 rear sides of brickwork still are equipped with bellows 3 and air intake, the nozzle divide into central nozzle and lie in central nozzle is surrounding the nozzle all around, the spout is for contracting gradually the venturi spout 6 that enlargies again, the atomizing angle of central nozzle 45, the atomizing angle that surrounds the nozzle is 60, state that the atomizing angle that surrounds the nozzle is greater than the atomizing angle of central nozzle. The atomizing particle size of the surrounding nozzle is smaller than that of the central nozzle.
And a guide cover with a smoke return channel 11 is arranged on the furnace wall 5 in front of the nozzle. The smoke return channels 11 are rotationally cut and distributed towards the same direction on the end face of the guide cover. The number of the flue gas return channels 11 is 24. The guide cover is used for guiding the path returned by the flue gas to enter the flame zone along the tangential direction, so that the combustion utilization rate is improved.
The number of the surrounding nozzles is 6, and the surrounding nozzles are uniformly distributed around the central nozzle. The particle size of the atomization around the nozzle was 20 μm in the mean diameter of the sotalol. The reduced nozzle area of the Venturi combustion nozzle is 70% -80% of the opening end area; the enlarged nozzle opening area is 100-120% of the opening end area. The central nozzle atomization zone 7 produces an elongated atomized jet having a length greater than the jet length surrounding the nozzle atomization zone 8. The central nozzle passes through the central lance 1 and the peripheral nozzles pass through the peripheral lances 2, being supplied with oil separately.
The burner nozzle adopts a Venturi nozzle 6 which is gradually contracted and then enlarged, and the air jet speed of the throat part with the minimum size is high, and the injection force is strong; a rotary-cut flue gas backflow channel is formed at the position of the gradually-expanding section spray nozzle, and combustion air flows through the rotary-cut flue gas backflow channel to generate an internal rotary injection force to attract the flue gas to enter and mix with the combustion air to form low-oxygen combustion air; the combustion wind runs close to the wall and is diffused outwards to form a flame coating surface, so that the flame is coated and the thermal radiation is isolated. The smoke combusted in the central flame zone is sucked back to the interface of the combustor and the hearth from the outer side of the flame zone, the oxygen content of the smoke is far lower than that of air, so that the smoke participates in the mixed combustion of fuel sprayed by the peripheral spray guns, the lower oxygen content causes the combustion speed of the area to be slow, and the amount of nitrogen oxide generated by the peripheral spray guns in the combustion process is also lower. Through detection, the emission of the nitrogen oxides of the combustor is 85-110 mg/Nm3(the reference oxygen content was 3%).
Furthermore, the tuyere is fitted with a regulating valve 4. Is used for adjusting the air quantity and is convenient for the control of the burner.
Comparative example
The emission of nitrogen oxides of a common flame burner is detected to be 200-400 mg/Nm3(the reference oxygen content was 3%).

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a low nitrogen oxide discharges's hybrid combustor, contains the nozzle of establishing in the furnace wall open end spout department, and the nozzle passes through the spray gun and supplies the fuel, and the furnace wall rear side still is equipped with bellows and air intake, its characterized in that, the nozzle divide into central nozzle and be located central nozzle surrounds the nozzle, the spout is the venturi spout that shrinks gradually and enlarge, the atomizing angle of central nozzle is 30 ~ 60, the atomizing angle of surrounding nozzle is 40 ~ 70, the atomizing angle of surrounding nozzle is greater than the atomizing angle of central nozzle, the atomizing granularity of surrounding nozzle is less than the atomizing granularity of central nozzle.
2. The low nox emission hybrid burner of claim 1, wherein a guide shroud with a flue gas return passage is provided forward of said nozzle.
3. The low nox emission hybrid burner of claim 2, wherein said flue gas return channels are rotationally cut in the same direction on said cowl end face.
4. The low nitrogen oxide emission hybrid combustor according to claim 3, wherein the number of said flue gas return channels is 12-24.
5. The low NOx emission hybrid combustor of claim 1 or 3, wherein said surrounding nozzles are 2-6 nozzles, evenly distributed around said central nozzle.
6. The low NOx emission hybrid burner of claim 4 or 5, wherein the atomized particles surrounding the nozzle have a Souter mean diameter of 10-30 μm.
7. The low NOx emission hybrid burner of claim 6, wherein said venturi combustion nozzle has a reduced nozzle area of 70% to 80% of said open end area; the enlarged nozzle opening area is 100-120% of the opening end area.
8. The low nox emission hybrid burner of claim 1, wherein said intake port is fitted with a regulating valve.
9. The low nox emission hybrid burner of claim 1, wherein the central nozzle is fed through a central lance and the peripheral nozzles are fed through peripheral lances separately.
10. The low nox emission hybrid burner of claim 6, wherein the central nozzle atomization produces an elongated atomized jet having a length greater than the jet length surrounding the nozzle.
CN202011049438.0A 2020-09-29 2020-09-29 Mixed combustor with low emission of nitrogen oxides Pending CN112097249A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011049438.0A CN112097249A (en) 2020-09-29 2020-09-29 Mixed combustor with low emission of nitrogen oxides

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203052656U (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-07-10 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 Heavy oil burner
CN105526589A (en) * 2016-01-19 2016-04-27 南京创能电力科技开发有限公司 Crude oil and fuel gas rotational flow low-nitrogen burner of steam-injection boiler for burning crude oil and fuel gas
CN205504983U (en) * 2016-04-01 2016-08-24 北京佳德昌科技有限责任公司 Gas recirculation low NOx burner in combustion -supporting wind injection type stove
CN109737396A (en) * 2019-01-29 2019-05-10 同济大学 The low NO of multi-mode direct current staged air distribution fuel oilxCombustion method and its device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203052656U (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-07-10 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 Heavy oil burner
CN105526589A (en) * 2016-01-19 2016-04-27 南京创能电力科技开发有限公司 Crude oil and fuel gas rotational flow low-nitrogen burner of steam-injection boiler for burning crude oil and fuel gas
CN205504983U (en) * 2016-04-01 2016-08-24 北京佳德昌科技有限责任公司 Gas recirculation low NOx burner in combustion -supporting wind injection type stove
CN109737396A (en) * 2019-01-29 2019-05-10 同济大学 The low NO of multi-mode direct current staged air distribution fuel oilxCombustion method and its device

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Application publication date: 20201218

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